莧

See also: 苋 and 萈

莧 U+83A7, 莧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83A7 ← 莦 [U+83A6] CJK Unified Ideographs 莨 → [U+83A8]

Translingual

Han character

莧 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿月山山 (TBUU), four-corner 4421₆, composition ⿱艹見)

Usage notes

• This character contains the grass radical (艹) and is not to be confused with visually similar 萈 (U+8408) which contains the ram's horn component (⻀) and an additional 丶 stroke on the top right of 儿 below 目.

Derived characters

• 𦎽, 寛, 𪢯

Related characters

• 苋 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1035, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31074
• Dae Jaweon: page 1494, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3218, character 3
• Unihan data for U+83A7

Chinese

trad.		莧
simp.		苋

Wikipedia has articles on:

• 莧 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• Amaranthus tricolor (English)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 莧
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

	Old Chinese
涀	*ɡeːlʔ, *kʰeːns, *ɡeːns
莧	*ɡreːns
粯	*ɡreːns
晛	*ŋl'eːns, *ɡeːnʔ
筧	*keːnʔ
絸	*keːnʔ
垷	*keːnʔ, *ɡeːnʔ
挸	*keːnʔ
見	*keːns, *ɡeːns
俔	*kʰeːns, *ɡeːnʔ
蜆	*kʰeːns, *qʰeːnʔ, *ɡeːnʔ
硯	*ŋɡeːn, *ŋɡeːns
峴	*ɡeːnʔ
哯	*ɡeːnʔ
睍	*ɡeːnʔ
現	*ɡeːns

Characters in the same phonetic series (見) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	莧
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	山 (73)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	侯襇切
Baxter	heanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛnH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚænH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣænH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨnH/
Li Rong	/ɣɛnH/
Wang Li	/ɣænH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣănH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haan6

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	莧
Reading #	1/1
No.	6185
Phonetic component	見
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ɡreːns/
Notes	見爾雅

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jin⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): han⁴

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): han

  (Meixian, Guangdong): han⁴

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hēng / hāng / hěng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hoin⁷ / hain⁷

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
    • Wade–Giles: hsien⁴
    • Yale: syàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
    • Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jin⁶
    • Yale: yihn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yin⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: han⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /han²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: han
    • Hakka Romanization System: han
    • Hagfa Pinyim: han⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /han⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: han⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /han⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Kaohsiung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Taichung, Tainan, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēng
    • Tâi-lô: hīng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: heng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /hiɪŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hāng
    • Tâi-lô: hāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hang
    • IPA (Taipei): /haŋ³³/
    • IPA (Kinmen): /haŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hěng
    • Tâi-lô: hǐng
    • IPA (Lukang): /hiɪŋ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hoin⁷ / hain⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hōiⁿ / hāiⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hõĩ¹¹/, /hãĩ¹¹/

Note: hain7 - Jieyang.

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• Middle Chinese: heanH

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːns/

Definitions

莧

1. edible amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor)

Compounds

• 林地莧 / 林地苋 (líndìxiàn)
• 莧菜 / 苋菜 (xiàncài)
• 野莧菜 / 野苋菜
• 馬齒莧 / 马齿苋 (mǎchǐxiàn)