草原

Chinese

		grass; straw; draft (of a document) grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty	plain
trad. (草原)		草	原
simp. #(草原)		草	原

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cǎoyuán

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄩㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cou² jyun⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhó-ngièn / chhó-ngiàn
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chháu-goân

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cǎoyuán
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǎoyuán
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻao³-yüan²
    • Yale: tsǎu-ywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaoyuan
    • Palladius: цаоюань (caojuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cou² jyun⁴
    • Yale: chóu yùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsou² jyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: cou² yun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhó-ngièn
    • Hakka Romanization System: co^ˋ ngien^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: co³ ngian²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo³¹ ŋi̯en¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhó-ngiàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: co^ˋ ngian^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: co³ ngian²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo³¹ ŋi̯an¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-goân
    • Tâi-lô: tsháu-guân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhaw'goaan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡuan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

Noun

草原

1. grassland; prairie; steppe; savanna

   • 草原縱獵床頭臥　酒肆狂歌井-底眠 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]

     From: 13th century, Il-yeon, Samguk yusa

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 青海的草原　一眼看不完 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

     From: 1978, 費玉清 (Fei Yu-ching) (lyricist 劉家昌), 中華民國頌

     Qīnghǎi de cǎoyuán, yīyǎn kàn bù wán [Pinyin]

     The grasslands of Qinghai cannot be seen at a glance.

Synonyms

edit

• 乾草原／干草原 (gāncǎoyuán)
• 稀樹草原／稀树草原 (xīshù cǎoyuán) (savanna)
• 草地 (cǎodì)
• 草埔 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 草場／草场 (cǎochǎng)
• 草甸 (cǎodiàn)
• 薩瓦納／萨瓦纳 (sàwǎnà) (savanna)

 

Derived terms

• 大草原
• 稀樹草原／稀树草原 (xīshù cǎoyuán)
• 草原三省 (Cǎoyuán sānshěng)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (草原):

• → Japanese: 草原(そうげん) (sōgen)
• → Korean: 초원(草原) (chowon)
• → Vietnamese: thảo nguyên (草原)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
草	原
そう Grade: 1	げん Grade: 2
on'yomi	kan'on

Might be a learned borrowing from Chinese 草原 (cǎoyuán). Alternatively, it might be a reanalysis of 草原 (kusahara), applying the expected on'yomi to the spelling to imbue the term with a higher register.

First cited with this sōgen reading to a newspaper article published in 1871.^[1]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) そーげん [sòógéń] (Heiban – [0])^[2][3][4]
• IPA^(key): [so̞ːɡẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

草(そう)原(げん) • (sōgen) ^{←さうげん (saugen)?}

1. [from 1871] grassland, meadow
   • 2014 March 8, “ルイーズ (Ruīzu, “Louise”)”, in 決闘王の記憶 － 決闘者の王国編 (“Memories of the Duel King: Duelist Kingdom Arc”), Konami:

     体(からだ)は小(ちい)さいが、草(そう)原(げん)での守(しゅ)備(び)力(りょく)はかなり強(つよ)い。

     Karada wa chīsai ga, sōgen de no shubiryoku wa kanari tsuyoi.

     It may be small, but its defense strength is considerable in grasslands.

2. [after 1871] steppe, savanna, prairie

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
草	原
くさ Grade: 1	わら Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Kanji in this term
草	原
くさ Grade: 1	はら Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Compound of 草 (kusa, “grass”) +‎ 原 (hara, “wild or uncultivated field, plain, flatland”).^{[1][2][3][5][6]}

First cited with the kusahara reading to a text from the late 1500s.^[1]

Occasionally encountered with an alternative reading of kusawara.^[4]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) くさはら [kùsáhárá] (Heiban – [0])^[2][3][4]
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟sa̠ha̠ɾa̠]

• (Tokyo) くさわら [kùsáwárá] (Heiban – [0])^[4]
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟sa̠β̞a̠ɾa̠]

Noun

草(くさ)原(はら) or 草(くさ)原(わら) • (kusahara or kusawara) 

1. [from late 1500s] grassland, meadow

References

1. “草原”, in 日本国語大辞典‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
5. “草原”, in デジタル大辞泉‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
6. Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
草	原

Noun

草原 • (chowon) (hangeul 초원)

1. hanja form^? of 초원 (“grassland”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
草	原

Noun

草原

1. chữ Hán form of thảo nguyên (“grassland; steppe”).