縱然

See also: 纵然

Chinese

		even if; release; vertical	so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (縱然)		縱	然
simp. (纵然)		纵	然

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zòngrán

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥˋ ㄖㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zung³ jin⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiòng-liân / chhiòng-jiân

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zòngrán → zòngran (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥˋ ㄖㄢˊ → ㄗㄨㄥˋ ˙ㄖㄢ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zòngrån
    • Wade–Giles: tsung⁴-jan⁵
    • Yale: dzùng-ran
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzonq.ran
    • Palladius: цзунжань (czunžanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/ → /t͡sʊŋ⁵¹ ʐän¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zung³ jin⁴
    • Yale: jung yìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzung³ jin⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: zung³ yin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ³³ jiːn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiòng-liân
    • Tâi-lô: tshiòng-liân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiornglieen
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiòng-jiân
    • Tâi-lô: tshiòng-jiân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiorngjieen
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ziɛn¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ziɛn²³/

Conjunction

縱然

1. even if; even though

Synonyms

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• even (Hong Kong Cantonese)
• 不怕 (bùpà)
• 任憑 / 任凭 (rènpíng)
• 作哩 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 作算 (zo⁶ sonn⁴) (Xiang)
• 儘管 / 尽管
• 即令 (jílìng)
• 即使 (jíshǐ)
• 即便 (jíbiàn)
• 哪怕 (nǎpà) (informal)
• 就 (jiù)
• 就使 (Hokkien)
• 就算 (jiùsuàn) (colloquial)
• 就若 (Hokkien)
• 就若是 (Hokkien)
• 怕不 (pàbù) (literary or dialectal)
• 縱 / 纵 (formal)
• 縱使 / 纵使 (zòngshǐ)
• 設令 / 设令 (shèlìng)
• 饒 / 饶 (ráo) (colloquial)