揺れる

Japanese

Kanji in this term
揺
ゆ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
搖れる (kyūjitai)

Etymology

Derived via regular historical processes from the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) intransitive form of classical Japanese verb 揺る (yuru), itself from Old Japanese.^[1][2][3]

Development

Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru. For the Old / Classical form, see the 揺る entry.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ゆれる [yùrérú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [jɯ̟ɾe̞ɾɯ̟]

Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	揺れる	ゆれる	[yùrérú]
Imperative (命令形)	揺れろ	ゆれろ	[yùréró]
Key constructions
Passive	揺れられる	ゆれられる	[yùrérárérú]
Causative	揺れさせる	ゆれさせる	[yùrésásérú]
Potential	揺れられる	ゆれられる	[yùrérárérú]
Volitional	揺れよう	ゆれよー	[yùréyóꜜò]
Negative	揺れない	ゆれない	[yùrénáí]
Negative perfective	揺れなかった	ゆれなかった	[yùrénáꜜkàttà]
Formal	揺れます	ゆれます	[yùrémáꜜsù]
Perfective	揺れた	ゆれた	[yùrétá]
Conjunctive	揺れて	ゆれて	[yùrété]
Hypothetical conditional	揺れれば	ゆれれば	[yùréréꜜbà]

• Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「揺れる」

Verb

揺(ゆ)れる • (yureru) intransitive ichidan (stem 揺(ゆ)れ (yure), past 揺(ゆ)れた (yureta))

Japanese verb pair
active	揺らす
mediopassive	揺れる

1. to shake, to quake, to sway back and forth

   地面(じめん)が揺(ゆ)れた。

   Jimen ga yureta.

   The earth shook.

2. to pitch, to roll, to rock, to toss about (such as a ship on rough seas)
3. to jolt or joggle (such as a vehicle)
4. to swing back and forth (such as something suspended or hanging)
5. to flicker, to waver (such as a flame)
6. to tremble, to vibrate

Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	揺れ	ゆれ	yure
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	揺れ	ゆれ	yure
Shūshikei ("terminal")	揺れる	ゆれる	yureru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	揺れる	ゆれる	yureru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	揺れれ	ゆれれ	yurere
Meireikei ("imperative")	揺れよ¹ 揺れろ²	ゆれよ¹ ゆれろ²	yureyo¹ yurero²
Key constructions
Passive	揺れられる	ゆれられる	yurerareru
Causative	揺れさせる 揺れさす	ゆれさせる ゆれさす	yuresaseru yuresasu
Potential	揺れられる 揺れれる³	ゆれられる ゆれれる³	yurerareru yurereru³
Volitional	揺れよう	ゆれよう	yureyō
Negative	揺れない 揺れぬ 揺れん	ゆれない ゆれぬ ゆれん	yurenai yurenu yuren
Negative continuative	揺れず	ゆれず	yurezu
Formal	揺れます	ゆれます	yuremasu
Perfective	揺れた	ゆれた	yureta
Conjunctive	揺れて	ゆれて	yurete
Hypothetical conditional	揺れれば	ゆれれば	yurereba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

Conjugation of "揺れる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Derived terms

• 揺(ゆ)れ (yure): shaking, swaying, quaking, pitching, rolling, etc. (the noun form of all the above verb senses)

Related terms

• 揺(ゆ)らす (yurasu): to make something shake, quake, sway, pitch, roll, etc. (the transitive or causative form of all the above verb senses)

References

1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN