心中

Chinese

		heart; mind	middle; centre; within middle; centre; within; among; in; while (doing sth); during; China; Chinese; hit (the mark)
simp. and trad. (心中)		心	中
anagram		中心

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xīnzhōng

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ ㄓㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sam¹ zung¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sîm-chûng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): xim¹ zung¹

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sim-tiong

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xīnzhōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ ㄓㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sinjhong
    • Wade–Giles: hsin¹-chung¹
    • Yale: syīn-jūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinjong
    • Palladius: синьчжун (sinʹčžun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sam¹ zung¹
    • Yale: sām jūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sam¹ dzung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sem¹ zung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sîm-chûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: xim^ˊ zung^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xim¹ zung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sim²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡suŋ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: xim¹ zung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sim⁴⁴ t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sim-tiong
    • Tâi-lô: sim-tiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: simdiofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sim⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sim³³ tiɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sim⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sim⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sim⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

Noun

心中

1. in one's mind; in one's heart

   心中暗喜  ―  xīnzhōng ànxǐ  ―  to be secretly delighted

Synonyms

edit

• 內心／内心 (nèixīn)
• 寸心 (cùnxīn) (literary)
• 心上 (xīnshàng)
• 心內／心内 (Hakka, Hokkien)
• 心地 (xīndì)
• 心坎 (xīnkǎn)
• 心曲 (xīnqū) (literary)
• 心田 (xīntián)
• 心窩／心窝 (xīnwō) (figurative, poetic)
• 心窩子／心窝子 (xīnwōzi) (figurative, poetic)
• 心裡／心里 (xīnlǐ)
• 心頭／心头 (xīntóu)
• 心骨 (xīngǔ) (literary)
• 意下 (yìxià) (literary)
• 私心 (sīxīn)
• 肚子 (figurative)
• 肚裡／肚里 (dùlǐ)
• 肺肝 (fèigān) (literary)
• 胸 (xiōng)
• 胸中 (xiōngzhōng) (literary)
• 胸坎 (xiōngkǎn) (literary)
• 腹 (figurative)

 

Derived terms

• 心中有數／心中有数 (xīnzhōngyǒushù)
• 心中有鬼 (xīnzhōngyǒuguǐ)

 

Japanese

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

心中

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Shinjū

Wikipedia

Kanji in this term
心	中
しん Grade: 2	ちゅう > じゅう Grade: 1
on'yomi

From 心 (shin, “heart, mind, spirit”) +‎ 中 (-jū, “center;throughout”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しんじゅう [shìńjúú] (Heiban – [0])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [ɕĩɲ̟d͡ʑɨː]

Noun

心(しん)中(じゅう) • (shinjū) ^{←しんぢゆう (sindyuu)?}

1. lovers' suicide, double suicide

   Synonym: 情死 (jōshi)

2. group suicide, collective suicide
3. (figurative) sharing a common fate with someone or something

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 心中(しんじゅう)尽(ず)く (shinjū-zuku)
• 心中(しんじゅう)立(だ)て (shinjū-date)
• 心中(しんじゅう)箱(ばこ) (shinjū-bako)
• 心中(しんじゅう)者(もの) (shinjū-mono)
• 心中(しんじゅう)善(よ)し (shinjū-yoshi)
• 抱(だき)合(あ)い心中(しんじゅう), 抱(だ)き合(あ)い心中(しんじゅう) (dakiai shinjū)
• 跡追(あとお)い心中(しんじゅう), 後追(あとお)い心中(しんじゅう) (atooi shinjū, “suicide immediately after the death of one's spouse or lover”)
• 一家心中(いっかしんじゅう) (ikka shinjū, “family suicide”)
• 合意心中(ごういしんじゅう) (gōi shinjū, “double suicide”)
• ネット心中(しんじゅう) (netto shinjū)
• 不心中(ぶしんじゅう) (bushinjū)
• 無理心中(むりしんじゅう) (muri shinjū, “forced double suicide”)

Verb

心(しん)中(じゅう)する • (shinjū suru) ^{←しんぢゆう (sindyuu)?}suru (stem 心(しん)中(じゅう)し (shinjū shi), past 心(しん)中(じゅう)した (shinjū shita))

1. to commit a double suicide, to commit a lover's suicide
2. to commit a group suicide
3. (figurative) to share a common fate with someone or something

Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	心中し	しんじゅうし	shinjū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	心中し	しんじゅうし	shinjū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	心中する	しんじゅうする	shinjū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	心中する	しんじゅうする	shinjū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	心中すれ	しんじゅうすれ	shinjū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	心中せよ¹ 心中しろ²	しんじゅうせよ¹ しんじゅうしろ²	shinjū seyo¹ shinjū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	心中される	しんじゅうされる	shinjū sareru
Causative	心中させる 心中さす	しんじゅうさせる しんじゅうさす	shinjū saseru shinjū sasu
Potential	心中できる	しんじゅうできる	shinjū dekiru
Volitional	心中しよう	しんじゅうしよう	shinjū shiyō
Negative	心中しない	しんじゅうしない	shinjū shinai
Negative continuative	心中せず	しんじゅうせず	shinjū sezu
Formal	心中します	しんじゅうします	shinjū shimasu
Perfective	心中した	しんじゅうした	shinjū shita
Conjunctive	心中して	しんじゅうして	shinjū shite
Hypothetical conditional	心中すれば	しんじゅうすれば	shinjū sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Conjugation of "心中する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
心	中
しん Grade: 2	ちゅう Grade: 1
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese compound 心中 (MC sim trjuwng, literally “heart + center, middle, within”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しんちゅう [shíꜜǹchùù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1][2]
• (Tokyo) しんちゅう [shìńchúú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɕĩɲ̟t͡ɕɨː]

Noun

心(しん)中(ちゅう) • (shinchū) 

1. one's heart, mind, true motives

   Synonyms: 胸中 (kyōchū); 中情 (chūjō); 肚裏, 肚裡 (tori); 内心 (naishin)

Proverbs

• 山中(さんちゅう)の賊(ぞく)を破(やぶ)るは易(やす)く心中(しんちゅう)の賊(ぞく)を破(やぶ)るは難(かた)し (sanchū no zoku o yaburu wa yasuku shinchū no zoku o yaburu wa katashi)

References

1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN