南極

See also: 南极

Chinese

		south	utmost; pole; extreme utmost; pole; extreme; to reach the limit
trad. (南極)		南	極
simp. (南极)		南	极

Wikipedia has articles on:

• 南極 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• 南極 (Cantonese)
• 南極 (Classical)
• 南極 (Gan)
• Lâm-ke̍k (Southern Min)
• 南极 (Wu)

Etymology

First attested in Kunyu Wanguo Quantu [1602].

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Nánjí

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): naam⁴ gik⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Nàm-khi̍t

  (Hailu, HRS): nam kid^ˋ

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Lâm-ke̍k / Lâm-kia̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lam⁵ gêg⁸

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Nánjí
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Nánjí
    • Wade–Giles: Nan²-chi²
    • Yale: Nán-jí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Nanjyi
    • Palladius: Наньцзи (Nanʹczi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nän³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: naam⁴ gik⁶
    • Yale: nàahm gihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: naam⁴ gik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: nam⁴ gig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /naːm²¹ kɪk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Nàm-khi̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: nam^ˇ kid
    • Hagfa Pinyim: nam² kid⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹ kʰit̚⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: nam kid^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /nam⁵⁵ kʰit²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâm-ke̍k
    • Tâi-lô: Lâm-ki̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lamkek
    • IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lam²⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³⁻³³ kiɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³⁻²² kiɪk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâm-kia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: Lâm-kia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lamkiak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lam²⁴⁻²² kiak̚²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: lam⁵ gêg⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâm ke̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kek̚⁴/

Proper noun

南極

1. the South Pole

Derived terms

• 南極半島 / 南极半岛 (Nánjí Bàndǎo)
• 南極圈 / 南极圈 (Nánjíquān)
• 南極洲 / 南极洲 (Nánjízhōu)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (南極):

• → Japanese: 南極(なんきょく) (Nankyoku)
• → Korean: 남극(南極) (Namgeuk)
• → Vietnamese: Nam cực (南極)

See also

• 北極／北极 (Běijí)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
南	極
なん Grade: 2	きょく Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) なんきょく [nàńkyókú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [nã̠ŋʲkʲo̞kɯ̟]

Noun

南(なん)極(きょく) • (nankyoku) 

1. Short for 南極圏. south polar region

Proper noun

南(なん)極(きょく) • (Nankyoku) 

1. (geography) South Pole; Antarctica

Synonyms

• (south polar region): 南(なん)極(きょく)大(たい)陸(りく) (nankyoku-tairiku): Antarctica
• (south pole): 南(なん)極(きょく)点(てん) (nankyokuten): South Pole

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “north polar region”): 北(ほっ)極(きょく) (hokkyoku)
• (antonym(s) of “north pole”): 北(ほっ)極(きょく)点(てん) (hokkyokuten): North Pole

Coordinate terms

Landmasses: 六(ろく)大(たい)陸(りく) (rokutairiku)^{[c 1]}edit

• アフリカ (Afurika)
• アメリカ (Amerika)
  • 北(きた)アメリカ (Kita Amerika)
  • 南(みなみ)アメリカ (Minami Amerika)
• オーストラリア (Ōsutoraria)
• 南(なん)極(きょく) (Nankyoku)
• ユーラシア (Yūrashia)

1. Traditionally, Japanese distinguishes six "continents" (Africa, North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Oceania) from six "landmasses" (Africa, North America, South America, Eurasia, Australia, Antarctica).

References

1. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
南	極

Noun

南極 • (namgeuk) (hangeul 남극)

1. hanja form^? of 남극 (“south pole”)

Proper noun

南極 • (Namgeuk) (hangeul 남극)

1. hanja form^? of 남극 (“South Pole; Antarctica”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
南	極

Noun

南極

1. chữ Hán form of nam cực (“south pole”).

Proper noun

南極

1. chữ Hán form of Nam cực (“the South Pole”).