前後

See also: 前后

Chinese

		front, forepart; in front; past front, forepart; in front; past; former; previous; last; before; preceding; earlier; ago; future; time ahead; first; top; battlefront; to move forward	back; behind; rear back; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later
trad. (前後)		前	後
simp. (前后)		前	后

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiánhòu

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cin⁴ hau⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhièn-heu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): qiên² hêu⁴

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chêng-āu / chûiⁿ-ǎu / chiân-hō͘ / chiân-hiǒ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zoin⁵ ao⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiánhòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciánhòu
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien²-hou⁴
    • Yale: chyán-hòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyanhow
    • Palladius: цяньхоу (cjanʹxou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cin⁴ hau⁶
    • Yale: chìhn hauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsin⁴ hau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: qin⁴ heo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːn²¹ hɐu̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhièn-heu
    • Hakka Romanization System: qien^ˇ heu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qian² heu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯en¹¹ heu̯⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: qiên² hêu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiɛn¹¹ heu⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chêng-āu
    • Tâi-lô: tsîng-āu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zeng'au
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² au²²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ²³⁻³³ au³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ au³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ¹³⁻²² au²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chûiⁿ-ǎu
    • Tâi-lô: tsuînn-ǎu
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡suĩ²⁴⁻²² au²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiân-hō͘
    • Tâi-lô: tsiân-hōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cienho
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² hɔ²²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ hɔ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiân-hiǒ
    • Tâi-lô: tsiân-hiǒ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² hio²²/

Note:

• chêng-āu/chûiⁿ-ǎu - vernacular;
• chiân-hō͘/chiân-hiǒ - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zoin⁵ ao⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsôiⁿ ău
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ au³⁵/

Noun

前後

1. front and rear; before and after

Adverb

前後

1. (of a point in or period of time) around; about
2. from beginning to end
3. continuously; one after another; bit by bit; in turn; successively; in succession

Synonyms

• (around):

edit

• 上下 (shàngxià)
• 光景 (guāngjǐng)
• 參差／参差 (cēncī) (literary)
• 大抵 (dàdǐ)
• 大概 (dàgài)
• 大率 (dàshuài) (literary)
• 大約／大约 (dàyuē)
• 大約摸／大约摸 (dàyuēmō) (colloquial)
• 大約摸捉／大约摸捉 (Shanghainese)
• 大致 (dàzhì)
• 左右 (zuǒyòu)
• 模樣／模样
• 無慮／无虑 (wúlǜ) (literary)
• 約摸／约摸 (yuēmo)
• 約略／约略 (yuēlüè)

 

• (continuously):

edit

• 一連／一连 (yīlián)
• 不斷／不断 (bùduàn)
• 先後／先后 (xiānhòu)
• 勿斷／勿断 (⁸veq-doe) (Wu)
• 接連／接连 (jiēlián)
• 接連不斷／接连不断 (jiēliánbùduàn)
• 沓沓 (Hokkien)
• 直透 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 相繼／相继 (xiāngjì)
• 紛紛／纷纷 (fēnfēn)
• 絡繹／络绎 (luòyì) (literary)
• 連／连
• 連紲／连绁 (Hokkien)
• 連續／连续 (liánxù)
• 連連／连连 (liánlián)
• 陸續／陆续 (lùxù)
• 陸陸續續／陆陆续续 (lùlùxùxù)

 

Derived terms

• 前後矛盾／前后矛盾 (qiánhòumáodùn)
• 前後腳兒／前后脚儿 (qiánhòujiǎor)
• 前後院／前后院

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
前	後
ぜん Grade: 2	ご Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぜんご [zéꜜǹgò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [d͡zẽ̞ŋɡo̞]

Noun

前(ぜん)後(ご) • (zengo) 

1. front and behind
2. right before and after
3. consequences

Derived terms

• 前後関係(ぜんごかんけい) (zengokankei)

Suffix

前(ぜん)後(ご) • (-zengo) 

1. about, around

Synonyms

• ぐらい (gurai)

Verb

前(ぜん)後(ご)する • (zengo suru) suru (stem 前(ぜん)後(ご)し (zengo shi), past 前(ぜん)後(ご)した (zengo shita))

1. to invert the order

Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	前後し	ぜんごし	zengo shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	前後し	ぜんごし	zengo shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	前後する	ぜんごする	zengo suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	前後する	ぜんごする	zengo suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	前後すれ	ぜんごすれ	zengo sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	前後せよ¹ 前後しろ²	ぜんごせよ¹ ぜんごしろ²	zengo seyo¹ zengo shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	前後される	ぜんごされる	zengo sareru
Causative	前後させる 前後さす	ぜんごさせる ぜんごさす	zengo saseru zengo sasu
Potential	前後できる	ぜんごできる	zengo dekiru
Volitional	前後しよう	ぜんごしよう	zengo shiyō
Negative	前後しない	ぜんごしない	zengo shinai
Negative continuative	前後せず	ぜんごせず	zengo sezu
Formal	前後します	ぜんごします	zengo shimasu
Perfective	前後した	ぜんごした	zengo shita
Conjunctive	前後して	ぜんごして	zengo shite
Hypothetical conditional	前後すれば	ぜんごすれば	zengo sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Conjugation of "前後する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

References

1. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN