ἔριφος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-, with cognates including Latin ariēs (“ram”), Old Irish heirp, erb (“kid”), and Lithuanian ė́ras (“lamb”), but more likely of substrate origin (along with the Latin and Old Irish) in view of the strange suffixes and semantic category.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /é.ri.pʰos/ → /ˈe.ri.ɸos/ → /ˈe.ri.fos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /é.ri.pʰos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ri.pʰos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ri.ɸos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ri.fos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ri.fos/

Noun

ἔρῐφος • (érĭphos) m or f (genitive ἐρῐ́φου); second declension

1. kid, young goat

Usage notes

• Primarily masculine, sometimes feminine.

Inflection

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ, ἡ ἔρῐφος ho, hē érĭphos	τὼ ἐρῐ́φω tṑ erĭ́phō	οἱ, αἱ ἔρῐφοι hoi, hai érĭphoi
Genitive	τοῦ, τῆς ἐρῐ́φου toû, tês erĭ́phou	τοῖν ἐρῐ́φοιν toîn erĭ́phoin	τῶν ἐρῐ́φων tôn erĭ́phōn
Dative	τῷ, τῇ ἐρῐ́φῳ tôi, têi erĭ́phōi	τοῖν ἐρῐ́φοιν toîn erĭ́phoin	τοῖς, ταῖς ἐρῐ́φοις toîs, taîs erĭ́phois
Accusative	τὸν, τὴν ἔρῐφον tòn, tḕn érĭphon	τὼ ἐρῐ́φω tṑ erĭ́phō	τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς ἐρῐ́φους toùs, tā̀s erĭ́phous
Vocative	ἔρῐφε érĭphe	ἐρῐ́φω erĭ́phō	ἔρῐφοι érĭphoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of ὁ, ἡ ἔρῐφος; τοῦ, τῆς ἐρῐ́φου (Attic)

Derived terms

• ἐρίφιον (eríphion)

Further reading

• “ἔριφος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἔριφος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἔριφος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἔριφος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἔριφος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἔριφος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2056 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • kid idem, page 468.