ḫw.f-wj

Egyptian

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Khufu

Wikipedia

Etymology

ḫw (“shall protect”, subjunctive mood of ḫwj (“to protect”)) +‎ .f (“he”) +‎ wj (“me”), thus literally ’He shall protect me’; the longer version of the name, ẖnmw-ḫw.f-wj, reveals that ‘he’ is the god Khnum.

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /χawˈjafwij/ → /χawˈjafwij/ → /χəˈwafwə/ → /χəˈwaf(w)/^[1][2]

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /χawˈjafwij/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /χawˈjafwij/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /χəˈwafwə/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /χəˈwaf(w)/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xuːʔɛf wi/, /xuːfuː/
  • Conventional anglicization: khu.ef-wi, khufu

Proper noun

 m

1. A throne name notably borne by Khufu, a pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫw.f-wj  

ḫ.f-w	ḫ.f-w	ḫ.f-wf	ḫw.f-w	ḫw.f
	Abydos King List	Saqqara King List

Derived terms

• ꜣḫt-ḫw.f-wj

Descendants

• → English: Khufu
• → Ancient Greek: Χέοψ (Khéops), Σοῦφις (Soûphis), Σώϋφις (Sṓüphis), Σαῶφις (Saôphis), Σοφέ (Sophé)^[3]
  • → Latin: Cheops
    • → English: Cheops
    • → Italian: Cheope

References

• “Ḫwi̯⸗f-wj (lemma ID 400277)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Leprohon, Ronald (2013) Denise Doxey, editor, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, →ISBN, page 35
• von Beckerath, Jürgen (1984) Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen, München: Deutscher Kunstverlag, →ISBN, pages 52, 178

1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 82
2. Gundacker, Roman (2015) “The Chronology of the Third and Fourth Dynasties according to Manetho’s Aegyptiaca” in Towards a New History for the Egyptian Old Kingdom, page 114–115, provides the final vowel but disagrees with Loprieno in some details of the word’s subsequent development: where Loprieno considers the semivowels preceding the tonic /a/ to have ultimately reduced to glottal stops, Gundacker posits that /j/ assimilated to the preceding /w/, which was preserved.
3. Gundacker, Roman (2015) “The Chronology of the Third and Fourth Dynasties according to Manetho’s Aegyptiaca” in Towards a New History for the Egyptian Old Kingdom, page 114–115