हुनु
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Inherited from Khasa Prakrit [Term?] (compare Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀪𑁄𑀤𑀺 (bhodi)), from Sanskrit भवति (bhavati, “to happen, to become”). Cognate with Gujarati હોવું (hovũ), Hindi होना (honā), Marathi होणे (hoṇe), Punjabi ਹੋਣਾ (hoṇā).
हुनु • (hunu)
This verb has two sets of forms. The हो (ho) set is used in sentences that equate two things, like त्यो किताब हो (tyo kitāb ho, “That is a book.”) The छ (cha) set is used in sentences that describe something, or locate where something is, like त्यो ठूलो छ (tyo ṭhūlo cha, “That is big.”)
Pronoun | हो [ɦo, “define/identify”] | छ [t͡sʰʌ, “describe/qualify”] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | ||
1st | म [mʌ] | हुँ [ɦũ] | होइन [ɦoinʌ] | छुँ [t͡sʰũ] | छैन [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌ] |
2nd resp. | तपाईं [t̪ʌpäĩ] | हुनुहुन्छ [ɦunuɦunt͡sʰʌ] | हुनुहुन्न [ɦunuɦunnʌ] | हुनुहुन्छ [ɦunuɦunt͡sʰʌ] | हुनुहुन्न [ɦunuɦunnʌ] |
2nd intim. | तिमी [t̪imi] | हौ [ɦʌu̯] | होइनौ [ɦoinʌu̯] | छौ [t͡sʰʌu̯] | छैनौ [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌu̯] |
3rd low-resp. | यो [jo] / त्यो [t̪jo] | हो [ɦo] | होइन [ɦoinʌ] | छ [t͡sʰʌ] | छैन [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌ] |
3rd high-resp. | वहाँ [wä̤ː] | हुनुहुन्छ [ɦunuɦunt͡sʰʌ] | हुनुहुन्न [ɦunuɦunnʌ] | हुनुहुन्छ [ɦunuɦunt͡sʰʌ] | हुनुहुन्न [ɦunuɦunnʌ] |
Information | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary stem | हु- [ɦu-] | |||
Secondary stem | हो- [ɦo-] | |||
Conjugation type | 3rd conjugation: vowel-ending stem, irregular. | |||
Derivatives | ||||
I-stem (Passive) |
भइनु [bʱʌinu] | |||
Non-finite forms | ||||
Infinitives | हुनु [ɦunu] हुन [ɦunʌ] | |||
Participles | Affirmative (+) | Negative (–) | ||
Conjunctive | भएर [bʱʌeɾʌ] भई [bʱʌi] भईकन [bʱʌikʌnʌ] |
नभएर [nʌbʱʌeɾʌ] | ||
1st Perfect | m. sing. |
भएको [bʱʌeko] |
नभएको [nʌbʱʌeko] | |
f. sing. | भएकी [bʱʌeki] | नभएकी [nʌbʱʌeki] | ||
pl. |
भएका [bʱʌekä] |
नभएका [nʌbʱʌekä] | ||
high-resp. |
हुनुभएको [ɦunubʱʌeko] |
नहुनुभएको [nʌɦunubʱʌeko] | ||
2nd Perfect | normal | भए [bʱʌe] | नभए [nʌbʱʌe] | |
high-resp. |
हुनुभए [ɦunubʱʌe] |
नहुनुभए [nʌɦunubʱʌe] | ||
Imperfect | normal | हुदा [ɦud̪ä] हुदै [ɦud̪ʌi̯] हुदो [ɦud̪o] |
नहुदा [nʌɦud̪ä] नहुदै [nʌɦud̪ʌi̯] नहुदो [nʌɦud̪o] | |
high-resp. | हुनुहुँदा [ɦunuɦũd̪ä] हुनुहुँदै [ɦunuɦũd̪ʌi̯] हुनुहुँदो [ɦunuɦũd̪o] |
नहुनुहुँदा [nʌɦunuɦũd̪ä] नहुनुहुँदै [nʌɦunuɦũd̪ʌi̯] नहुनुहुँदो [nʌɦunuɦũd̪o] | ||
Infinitival | normal |
हुने [ɦune] |
नहुने [nʌɦune] | |
high-resp. | हुनुहुने [ɦunuɦune] | नहुनुहुने [nʌɦunuɦune] | ||
Absolutive | भइ [bʱʌi] |
Finite forms of | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 2nd & 3rd | ||||||||||||
Pronoun | म SING. |
हामी PL. |
तँ LOW-RESP. SING. |
तिमी MID-RESP. |
ऊ LOW-RESP. SING. |
उनी MID-RESP. |
तपाईं/उहाँ HIGH-RESP. | |||||||||
m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | |||||
Present | + | हुन्छु [ɦunt͡sʰu] | हुन्छौँ [ɦunt͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] | हुन्छस् [ɦunt͡sʰʌs] | हुन्छेस् [ɦunt͡sʰes] | हुन्छौ [ɦunt͡sʰʌu̯] | हुन्छ्यौ [ɦunt͡sʰeu̯] | हुन्छ [ɦunt͡sʰʌ] | हुन्छे [ɦunt͡sʰe] | हुन्छन् [ɦunt͡sʰʌn] | हुन्छिन् [ɦunt͡sʰin] | हुनुहुन्छ [ɦunuɦunt͡sʰʌ] | ||||
– | हुँदिनँ [ɦũd̪inʌ̃] | हुँदैनौँ [ɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌ̃ũ̯] | हुँदैनस [ɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌs] | हुँदिनेस् [ɦũd̪ines] | हुँदैनौ [ɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌu̯] | हुँदिनौ [ɦũd̪inʌu̯] | हुँदैन [ɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌ] | हुँदिने [ɦũd̪ine] | हुँदैनन् [ɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌn] | हुँदिनन् [ɦũd̪inʌn] | हुनुहुँदैन [ɦunuɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌ] | |||||
हुन्नँ [ɦunnʌ̃] | हुन्नौँ [ɦunnʌ̃ũ̯] | हुन्नस् [ɦunnʌs] | हुन्नेस् [ɦunnes] | हुन्नौ [ɦunnʌu̯] | हुन्न्यौ [ɦunneu̯] | हुन्न [ɦunnʌ] | हुन्ने [ɦunne] | हुन्नन् [ɦunnʌn] | हुन्निन [ɦunninʌ] | हुनुहुन्न [ɦunuɦunnʌ] | ||||||
Past | Simple | + | भएँ [bʱʌẽ] | भयौँ [bʱʌẽũ̯] | भइस् [bʱʌis] | भयौ [bʱʌeu̯] | भयो [bʱʌjo] | भई [bʱʌi] | भए [bʱʌe] | भइन् [bʱʌin] | हुनुभयो [ɦunubʱʌjo] | |||||
– | भइनँ [bʱʌinʌ̃] | भएनौँ [bʱʌenʌ̃ũ̯] | भएनस् [bʱʌenʌs] | भइनेस [bʱʌines] | भएनौ [bʱʌenʌu̯] | भएन [bʱʌenʌ] | भइने [bʱʌine] | भएनन् [bʱʌenʌn] | भइनन् [bʱʌinʌn] | हुनुभएन [ɦunubʱʌenʌ] | ||||||
Habitual | + | हुन्थेँ [ɦun̪t̪ʰẽ] | हुन्थ्यौँ [ɦun̪t̪ʰẽũ̯] | हुन्थिस् [ɦun̪t̪ʰis] | हुन्थ्यौ [ɦun̪t̪ʰeu̯] | हुन्थ्यो [ɦun̪t̪ʰjo] | हुन्थी [ɦun̪t̪ʰi] | हुन्थे [ɦun̪t̪ʰe] | हुन्थिन् [ɦun̪t̪ʰin] | हुनुहुन्थो [ɦunuɦun̪t̪ʰo] | ||||||
– | हुँदिनथेँ [ɦũd̪inʌt̪ʰẽ] | हुँदैनथ्यौँ [ɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰẽũ̯] | हुँदैनथिस् [ɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰis] | हुँदिनथिस् [ɦũd̪inʌt̪ʰis] | हुँदैनथ्यौ [ɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰeu̯] | हुँदिनथ्यौ [ɦũd̪inʌt̪ʰeu̯] | हुँदैनथ्यो [ɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰjo] | हुँदैनथी [ɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰi] | हुँदैनथे [ɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰe] | हुँदिनथिन् [ɦũd̪inʌt̪ʰin] | हुनुहुँदैनथ्यो [ɦunuɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰjo] | |||||
– | हुन्नथेँ [ɦunnʌt̪ʰẽ] | हुन्नथ्यौँ [ɦunnʌt̪ʰẽũ̯] | हुन्नथिस् [ɦunnʌt̪ʰis] | हुन्नथ्यौ [ɦunnʌt̪ʰeu̯] | हुन्नथ्यो [ɦunnʌt̪ʰjo] | हुन्नथी [ɦunnʌt̪ʰi] | हुन्नथे [ɦunnʌt̪ʰe] | हुन्नथिन् [ɦunnʌt̪ʰin] | हुनुहुन्नथ्यो [ɦunuɦunnʌt̪ʰjo] | |||||||
Unknown | + | भएछु [bʱʌet͡sʰu] | भइछु [bʱʌit͡sʰu] | भएछौँ [bʱʌet͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] | भएछस् [bʱʌet͡sʰʌs] | भइछेस् [bʱʌit͡sʰes] | भएछौ [bʱʌet͡sʰʌu̯] | भएछ [bʱʌet͡sʰʌ] | भइछे [bʱʌit͡sʰe] | भएछन् [bʱʌet͡sʰʌn] | भइछिन् [bʱʌit͡sʰin] | हुनुभएछ [ɦunubʱʌet͡sʰʌ] | ||||
– | भएनछु [bʱʌenʌt͡sʰu] | भइनछु [bʱʌinʌt͡sʰu] | भएनछौँ [bʱʌenʌt͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] | भएनछस् [bʱʌenʌt͡sʰʌs] | भइनछेस् [bʱʌinʌt͡sʰes] | भएनछौ [bʱʌenʌt͡sʰʌu̯] | भएनछ [bʱʌenʌt͡sʰʌ] | भइनछे [bʱʌinʌt͡sʰe] | भएनछन् [bʱʌenʌt͡sʰʌn] | भइनछिन् [bʱʌinʌt͡sʰin] | हुनुभएनछ [ɦunubʱʌenʌt͡sʰʌ] | |||||
Future | Definite | + | हुनेछु [ɦunet͡sʰu] | हुनेछौँ [ɦunet͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] | हुनेछस् [ɦunet͡sʰʌs] | हुनेछेस् [ɦunet͡sʰes] | हुनेछौ [ɦunet͡sʰʌu̯] | हुनेछ्यौ [ɦunet͡sʰeu̯] | हुनेछ [ɦunet͡sʰʌ] | हुनेछे [ɦunet͡sʰe] | हुनेछन् [ɦunet͡sʰʌn] | हुनेछिन् [ɦunet͡sʰin] | हुनुहुनेछ [ɦunuɦunet͡sʰʌ] | |||
– | हुनेछैनँ [ɦunet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ̃] | हुनेछैनौँ [ɦunet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ̃ũ̯] | हुनेछैनस् [ɦunet͡sʰʌi̯nʌs] | हुनेछैनेस् [ɦunet͡sʰʌi̯nes] | हुनेछैनौ [ɦunet͡sʰʌi̯nʌu̯] | हुनेछैन [ɦunet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ] | हुनेछैनन् [ɦunet͡sʰʌi̯nʌn] | हुनुहुनेछैन [ɦunuɦunet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ] | ||||||||
Indefinite | + | हुउँला [ɦuũlä] | हुउँली [ɦuũli] | होऔँला [ɦoʌ̃ũ̯lä] | होलास् [ɦoläs] | होलिस् [ɦolis] | होऔला [ɦoʌu̯lä], होलाउ [ɦoläu] |
होऔली [ɦoʌu̯li], होलेउ [ɦoleu] |
होला [ɦolä] | होली [ɦoli] | होलान् [ɦolän], होनन् [ɦonʌn] | होलिन् [ɦolin], होनिन् [ɦonin] | हुनुहोला [ɦunuɦolä] | |||
– | होओइनँ [ɦooinʌ̃] | होओइनौँ [ɦooinʌ̃ũ̯] | होओइनस् [ɦooinʌs] | होओइनौ [ɦooinʌu̯] | होओइन [ɦooinʌ] | होओइनन् [ɦooinʌn] | हुनुहोओइन [ɦunuɦooinʌ] | |||||||||
नहुउँला [nʌɦuũlä] | नहुउँली [nʌɦuũli] | नहोऔँला [nʌɦoʌ̃ũ̯lä] | नहोलास् [nʌɦoläs] | नहोलिस् [nʌɦolis] | नहोऔला [nʌɦoʌu̯lä], नहोलाउ [nʌɦoläu] |
नहोऔली [nʌɦoʌu̯li], नहोलेउ [nʌɦoleu] |
नहोला [nʌɦolä] | नहोली [nʌɦoli] | नहोलान् [nʌɦolän], नहोनन् [nʌɦonʌn] | नहोलिन् [nʌɦolin], नहोनिन् [nʌɦonin] | नहुनुहोला [nʌɦunuɦolä] | |||||
Injunctive | + | हुऊँ [ɦuũ], होऊँ [ɦoũ] | होऔँ [ɦoʌ̃ũ̯], होऊँ [ɦoũ] | भइ [bʱʌi], भएस् [bʱʌes] | भऊ [bʱʌu], भओ [bʱʌo], भए [bʱʌe] | होओस् [ɦoos] | होऊन् [ɦoun] | हुनुहोओस् [ɦunuɦoos] | ||||||||
– | नहुऊँ [nʌɦuũ], नहोऊँ [nʌɦoũ] | नहोऔँ [nʌɦoʌ̃ũ̯], नहोऊँ [nʌɦoũ] | नभइ [nʌbʱʌi], नभएस् [nʌbʱʌes] | नभऊ [nʌbʱʌu], नभओ [nʌbʱʌo], नभए [nʌbʱʌe] | नहोओस् [nʌɦoos] | नहोऊन् [nʌɦoun] | नहुनुहोओस् [nʌɦunuɦoos] | |||||||||
Imperative | + | — | — | भइ [bʱʌi] | भऊ [bʱʌu], भओ [bʱʌo] | — | — | हुनुहोस् [ɦunuɦos], हुनोस् [ɦunos] | ||||||||
– | — | — | नभइ [nʌbʱʌi] | नभऊ [nʌbʱʌu], नभओ [nʌbʱʌo] | — | — | नहुनुहोस् [nʌɦunuɦos], नहुनोस् [nʌɦunos] |
Information | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary stem | छ- [t͡sʰʌ-] | |||
Secondary stem | ∅ | |||
Conjugation type | 3rd conjugation: vowel-ending stem, irregular. | |||
Derivatives | ||||
I-stem (Passive) |
भइनु [bʱʌinu] | |||
Non-finite forms | ||||
Infinitives | ∅ | |||
Participles | Affirmative (+) | Negative (–) | ||
Conjunctive | भएर [bʱʌeɾʌ] भई [bʱʌi] भईकन [bʱʌikʌnʌ] |
नभएर [nʌbʱʌeɾʌ] | ||
1st Perfect | m. sing. |
भएको [bʱʌeko] |
नभएको [nʌbʱʌeko] | |
f. sing. | भएकी [bʱʌeki] | नभएकी [nʌbʱʌeki] | ||
pl. |
भएका [bʱʌekä] |
नभएका [nʌbʱʌekä] | ||
high-resp. |
∅ |
∅ | ||
2nd Perfect | normal | भए [bʱʌe] | नभए [nʌbʱʌe] | |
high-resp. |
∅ |
∅ | ||
Imperfect | normal | छदा [t͡sʰʌd̪ä] छदै [t͡sʰʌd̪ʌi̯] छदो [t͡sʰʌd̪o] |
नछदा [nʌt͡sʰʌd̪ä] नछदै [nʌt͡sʰʌd̪ʌi̯] नछदो [nʌt͡sʰʌd̪o] | |
high-resp. | ∅ | ∅ | ||
Infinitival | normal |
∅ |
∅ | |
high-resp. | ∅ | ∅ | ||
Absolutive | भइ [bʱʌi] |
Finite forms of | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 2nd & 3rd | |||||||||||
Pronoun | म SING. |
हामी PL. |
तँ LOW-RESP. SING. |
तिमी MID-RESP. |
ऊ LOW-RESP. SING. |
उनी MID-RESP. |
तपाईं/उहाँ HIGH-RESP. | ||||||||
m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | ||||
Present | + | छु [t͡sʰu] | छौँ [t͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] | छस् [t͡sʰʌs] | छेस् [t͡sʰes] | छौ [t͡sʰʌu̯] | छ्यौ [t͡sʰeu̯] | छ [t͡sʰʌ] | छे [t͡sʰe] | छन् [t͡sʰʌn] | छिन् [t͡sʰin] | हुनुहुन्छ [ɦunuɦunt͡sʰʌ] | |||
– | छँदिनँ [t͡sʰʌ̃d̪inʌ̃] | छँदैनौँ [t͡sʰʌ̃d̪ʌi̯nʌ̃ũ̯] | छँदैनस [t͡sʰʌ̃d̪ʌi̯nʌs] | छँदिनेस् [t͡sʰʌ̃d̪ines] | छँदैनौ [t͡sʰʌ̃d̪ʌi̯nʌu̯] | छँदिनौ [t͡sʰʌ̃d̪inʌu̯] | छँदैन [t͡sʰʌ̃d̪ʌi̯nʌ] | छँदिने [t͡sʰʌ̃d̪ine] | छँदैनन् [t͡sʰʌ̃d̪ʌi̯nʌn] | छँदिनन् [t͡sʰʌ̃d̪inʌn] | छनुहुँदैन [t͡sʰʌnuɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌ] | ||||
छैनँ [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌ̃] | छैनौँ [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌ̃ũ̯] | छैनस [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌs] | छैनेस् [t͡sʰʌi̯nes] | छैनौ [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌu̯] | छैनौ [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌu̯] | छैन [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌ] | छैने [t͡sʰʌi̯ne] | छैनन् [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌn] | छैनन् [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌn] | हुनुहुन्न [ɦunuɦunnʌ] | |||||
Past | Simple | + | थिएँ [t̪ʰiẽ] | थियौँ [t̪ʰiẽũ̯] | थिइस् [t̪ʰiis] | थियौ [t̪ʰieu̯] | थियो [t̪ʰijo] | थिई [t̪ʰii] | थिए [t̪ʰie] | थिइन् [t̪ʰiin] | छनुभयो [t͡sʰʌnubʱʌjo] | ||||
– | थिइनँ [t̪ʰiinʌ̃] | थिएनौँ [t̪ʰienʌ̃ũ̯] | थिएनस् [t̪ʰienʌs] | थिइनेस [t̪ʰiines] | थिएनौ [t̪ʰienʌu̯] | थिएन [t̪ʰienʌ] | थिइने [t̪ʰiine] | थिएनन् [t̪ʰienʌn] | थिइनन् [t̪ʰiinʌn] | छनुभएन [t͡sʰʌnubʱʌenʌ] | |||||
Habitual | + | थेँ [t̪ʰẽ] | थ्यौँ [t̪ʰẽũ̯] | थिस् [t̪ʰis] | थ्यौ [t̪ʰeu̯] | थ्यो [t̪ʰjo] | थी [t̪ʰi] | थे [t̪ʰe] | थिन् [t̪ʰin] | छनुथो [t͡sʰʌnut̪ʰo] | |||||
– | छैनथेँ [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌt̪ʰẽ] | छैनथ्यौँ [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌt̪ʰẽũ̯] | छैनथिस् [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌt̪ʰis] | छैनथिस् [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌt̪ʰis] | छैनथ्यौ [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌt̪ʰeu̯] | छैनथ्यौ [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌt̪ʰeu̯] | छैनथ्यो [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌt̪ʰjo] | छैनथी [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌt̪ʰi] | छैनथे [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌt̪ʰe] | छैनथिन् [t͡sʰʌi̯nʌt̪ʰin] | छनुहुनथ्यो [t͡sʰʌnuɦunʌt̪ʰjo] | ||||
थिइनँ [t̪ʰiinʌ̃] | थिएनौँ [t̪ʰienʌ̃ũ̯] | थिएनस् [t̪ʰienʌs] | थिइनेस [t̪ʰiines] | थिएनौ [t̪ʰienʌu̯] | थिएन [t̪ʰienʌ] | थिइने [t̪ʰiine] | थिएनन् [t̪ʰienʌn] | थिइनन् [t̪ʰiinʌn] | छनुभएन [t͡sʰʌnubʱʌenʌ] | ||||||
Unknown | + | थिएछु [t̪ʰiet͡sʰu] | थिइछु [t̪ʰiit͡sʰu] | थिएछौँ [t̪ʰiet͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] | थिएछस् [t̪ʰiet͡sʰʌs] | थिइछेस् [t̪ʰiit͡sʰes] | थिएछौ [t̪ʰiet͡sʰʌu̯] | थिएछ [t̪ʰiet͡sʰʌ] | थिइछे [t̪ʰiit͡sʰe] | थिए [t̪ʰie] | थिइछिन् [t̪ʰiit͡sʰin] | छनुभएछ [t͡sʰʌnubʱʌet͡sʰʌ] | |||
– | थिएनछु [t̪ʰienʌt͡sʰu] | थिइनछु [t̪ʰiinʌt͡sʰu] | थिएनछौँ [t̪ʰienʌt͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] | थिएनछस् [t̪ʰienʌt͡sʰʌs] | थिइनछेस् [t̪ʰiinʌt͡sʰes] | थिएनछौ [t̪ʰienʌt͡sʰʌu̯] | थिएनछ [t̪ʰienʌt͡sʰʌ] | थिइनछे [t̪ʰiinʌt͡sʰe] | थिएन [t̪ʰienʌ] | थिइनछिन् [t̪ʰiinʌt͡sʰin] | छनुभएनछ [t͡sʰʌnubʱʌenʌt͡sʰʌ] |
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