چال

See also: خال and حال

Persian

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *čāt- / *čāθ- (“pit, well”), from an early derived form of Proto-Indo-Iranian *kanH- (“to dig”). Cognate with Sanskrit चात्वाल (cātvāla, “a hole in the ground for constructing the Uttara-vedi, performing oblations, or for sacrificial fire”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃɑːl]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɑːl]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɑːl]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɑːl]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɔːl̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɒːl̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɔl]

Readings
Classical reading?	čāl
Dari reading?	čāl
Iranian reading?	čâl
Tajik reading?	čol

Noun

چال • (čâl)

1. pit
2. hole
3. (dialectal, Kazerun) lair
4. (dialectal, Kazerun) nest
5. (dialectal, Kazerun) den

Derived terms

• توچال (točâl)
• سیاه‌چال (siyâh-čâl)
• کلک‌چال (kolak-čâl)
• یخچال (yax-čâl)

References

1. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 252

Urdu

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɑːl/
• Rhymes: -ɑːl

Noun

چال • (cāl) f (Hindi spelling चाल)

1. play, trick

References

• “چال”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.