مرض

See also: م ر ض

Arabic

Root
م ر ض (m r ḍ)
8 terms

Etymology 1.1

From Proto-Semitic *maraṣ̂- (“to be ill”). Compare Biblical Hebrew נִמְרַץ (nimraṣ, “to be sore”) and Ugaritic 𐎎𐎗𐎕 (mrṣ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma.ri.dˤa/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

مَرِضَ • (mariḍa) I (non-past يَمْرَضُ (yamraḍu), verbal noun مَرَض (maraḍ))

1. to be or become sick
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 26:80:

     وَإِذَا مَرِضْتُ فَهُوَ يَشْفِينِ

     waʔiḏā mariḍtu fahuwa yašfīni

     and when I get sick it is He who cures me

Conjugation

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						مَرَض maraḍ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مَرِيض, مَرِض marīḍ, mariḍ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	مَرِضْتُ mariḍtu	مَرِضْتَ mariḍta	مَرِضَ mariḍa		مَرِضْتُمَا mariḍtumā	مَرِضَا mariḍā		مَرِضْنَا mariḍnā	مَرِضْتُمْ mariḍtum	مَرِضُوا mariḍū
	f		مَرِضْتِ mariḍti	مَرِضَتْ mariḍat			مَرِضَتَا mariḍatā			مَرِضْتُنَّ mariḍtunna	مَرِضْنَ mariḍna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَمْرَضُ ʔamraḍu	تَمْرَضُ tamraḍu	يَمْرَضُ yamraḍu		تَمْرَضَانِ tamraḍāni	يَمْرَضَانِ yamraḍāni		نَمْرَضُ namraḍu	تَمْرَضُونَ tamraḍūna	يَمْرَضُونَ yamraḍūna
	f		تَمْرَضِينَ tamraḍīna	تَمْرَضُ tamraḍu			تَمْرَضَانِ tamraḍāni			تَمْرَضْنَ tamraḍna	يَمْرَضْنَ yamraḍna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَمْرَضَ ʔamraḍa	تَمْرَضَ tamraḍa	يَمْرَضَ yamraḍa		تَمْرَضَا tamraḍā	يَمْرَضَا yamraḍā		نَمْرَضَ namraḍa	تَمْرَضُوا tamraḍū	يَمْرَضُوا yamraḍū
	f		تَمْرَضِي tamraḍī	تَمْرَضَ tamraḍa			تَمْرَضَا tamraḍā			تَمْرَضْنَ tamraḍna	يَمْرَضْنَ yamraḍna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَمْرَضْ ʔamraḍ	تَمْرَضْ tamraḍ	يَمْرَضْ yamraḍ		تَمْرَضَا tamraḍā	يَمْرَضَا yamraḍā		نَمْرَضْ namraḍ	تَمْرَضُوا tamraḍū	يَمْرَضُوا yamraḍū
	f		تَمْرَضِي tamraḍī	تَمْرَضْ tamraḍ			تَمْرَضَا tamraḍā			تَمْرَضْنَ tamraḍna	يَمْرَضْنَ yamraḍna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِمْرَضْ imraḍ			اِمْرَضَا imraḍā				اِمْرَضُوا imraḍū
	f		اِمْرَضِي imraḍī							اِمْرَضْنَ imraḍna

    Conjugation of مَرِضَ (I, sound, i ~ a, no passive, verbal noun مَرَض)

Descendants

• Maltese: marad

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mar.ra.dˤa/

Verb

مَرَّضَ • (marraḍa) II (non-past يُمَرِّضُ (yumarriḍu), verbal noun تَمْرِيض (tamrīḍ))

1. (transitive) to nurse the sick

Conjugation

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَمْرِيض tamrīḍ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُمَرِّض mumarriḍ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُمَرَّض mumarraḍ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	مَرَّضْتُ marraḍtu	مَرَّضْتَ marraḍta	مَرَّضَ marraḍa		مَرَّضْتُمَا marraḍtumā	مَرَّضَا marraḍā		مَرَّضْنَا marraḍnā	مَرَّضْتُمْ marraḍtum	مَرَّضُوا marraḍū
	f		مَرَّضْتِ marraḍti	مَرَّضَتْ marraḍat			مَرَّضَتَا marraḍatā			مَرَّضْتُنَّ marraḍtunna	مَرَّضْنَ marraḍna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُمَرِّضُ ʔumarriḍu	تُمَرِّضُ tumarriḍu	يُمَرِّضُ yumarriḍu		تُمَرِّضَانِ tumarriḍāni	يُمَرِّضَانِ yumarriḍāni		نُمَرِّضُ numarriḍu	تُمَرِّضُونَ tumarriḍūna	يُمَرِّضُونَ yumarriḍūna
	f		تُمَرِّضِينَ tumarriḍīna	تُمَرِّضُ tumarriḍu			تُمَرِّضَانِ tumarriḍāni			تُمَرِّضْنَ tumarriḍna	يُمَرِّضْنَ yumarriḍna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُمَرِّضَ ʔumarriḍa	تُمَرِّضَ tumarriḍa	يُمَرِّضَ yumarriḍa		تُمَرِّضَا tumarriḍā	يُمَرِّضَا yumarriḍā		نُمَرِّضَ numarriḍa	تُمَرِّضُوا tumarriḍū	يُمَرِّضُوا yumarriḍū
	f		تُمَرِّضِي tumarriḍī	تُمَرِّضَ tumarriḍa			تُمَرِّضَا tumarriḍā			تُمَرِّضْنَ tumarriḍna	يُمَرِّضْنَ yumarriḍna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُمَرِّضْ ʔumarriḍ	تُمَرِّضْ tumarriḍ	يُمَرِّضْ yumarriḍ		تُمَرِّضَا tumarriḍā	يُمَرِّضَا yumarriḍā		نُمَرِّضْ numarriḍ	تُمَرِّضُوا tumarriḍū	يُمَرِّضُوا yumarriḍū
	f		تُمَرِّضِي tumarriḍī	تُمَرِّضْ tumarriḍ			تُمَرِّضَا tumarriḍā			تُمَرِّضْنَ tumarriḍna	يُمَرِّضْنَ yumarriḍna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		مَرِّضْ marriḍ			مَرِّضَا marriḍā				مَرِّضُوا marriḍū
	f		مَرِّضِي marriḍī							مَرِّضْنَ marriḍna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	مُرِّضْتُ murriḍtu	مُرِّضْتَ murriḍta	مُرِّضَ murriḍa		مُرِّضْتُمَا murriḍtumā	مُرِّضَا murriḍā		مُرِّضْنَا murriḍnā	مُرِّضْتُمْ murriḍtum	مُرِّضُوا murriḍū
	f		مُرِّضْتِ murriḍti	مُرِّضَتْ murriḍat			مُرِّضَتَا murriḍatā			مُرِّضْتُنَّ murriḍtunna	مُرِّضْنَ murriḍna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُمَرَّضُ ʔumarraḍu	تُمَرَّضُ tumarraḍu	يُمَرَّضُ yumarraḍu		تُمَرَّضَانِ tumarraḍāni	يُمَرَّضَانِ yumarraḍāni		نُمَرَّضُ numarraḍu	تُمَرَّضُونَ tumarraḍūna	يُمَرَّضُونَ yumarraḍūna
	f		تُمَرَّضِينَ tumarraḍīna	تُمَرَّضُ tumarraḍu			تُمَرَّضَانِ tumarraḍāni			تُمَرَّضْنَ tumarraḍna	يُمَرَّضْنَ yumarraḍna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُمَرَّضَ ʔumarraḍa	تُمَرَّضَ tumarraḍa	يُمَرَّضَ yumarraḍa		تُمَرَّضَا tumarraḍā	يُمَرَّضَا yumarraḍā		نُمَرَّضَ numarraḍa	تُمَرَّضُوا tumarraḍū	يُمَرَّضُوا yumarraḍū
	f		تُمَرَّضِي tumarraḍī	تُمَرَّضَ tumarraḍa			تُمَرَّضَا tumarraḍā			تُمَرَّضْنَ tumarraḍna	يُمَرَّضْنَ yumarraḍna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُمَرَّضْ ʔumarraḍ	تُمَرَّضْ tumarraḍ	يُمَرَّضْ yumarraḍ		تُمَرَّضَا tumarraḍā	يُمَرَّضَا yumarraḍā		نُمَرَّضْ numarraḍ	تُمَرَّضُوا tumarraḍū	يُمَرَّضُوا yumarraḍū
	f		تُمَرَّضِي tumarraḍī	تُمَرَّضْ tumarraḍ			تُمَرَّضَا tumarraḍā			تُمَرَّضْنَ tumarraḍna	يُمَرَّضْنَ yumarraḍna

    Conjugation of مَرَّضَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَمْرِيض)

Etymology 1.3

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ma.radˤ/

Noun

مَرَض • (maraḍ) m (plural أَمْرَاض (ʔamrāḍ))

1. verbal noun of مَرِضَ (mariḍa) (form I)
2. disease, sickness, illness

Declension

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مَرَض maraḍ	الْمَرَض al-maraḍ	مَرَض maraḍ
Nominative	مَرَضٌ maraḍun	الْمَرَضُ al-maraḍu	مَرَضُ maraḍu
Accusative	مَرَضًا maraḍan	الْمَرَضَ al-maraḍa	مَرَضَ maraḍa
Genitive	مَرَضٍ maraḍin	الْمَرَضِ al-maraḍi	مَرَضِ maraḍi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مَرَضَيْن maraḍayn	الْمَرَضَيْن al-maraḍayn	مَرَضَيْ maraḍay
Nominative	مَرَضَانِ maraḍāni	الْمَرَضَانِ al-maraḍāni	مَرَضَا maraḍā
Accusative	مَرَضَيْنِ maraḍayni	الْمَرَضَيْنِ al-maraḍayni	مَرَضَيْ maraḍay
Genitive	مَرَضَيْنِ maraḍayni	الْمَرَضَيْنِ al-maraḍayni	مَرَضَيْ maraḍay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَمْرَاض ʔamrāḍ	الْأَمْرَاض al-ʔamrāḍ	أَمْرَاض ʔamrāḍ
Nominative	أَمْرَاضٌ ʔamrāḍun	الْأَمْرَاضُ al-ʔamrāḍu	أَمْرَاضُ ʔamrāḍu
Accusative	أَمْرَاضًا ʔamrāḍan	الْأَمْرَاضَ al-ʔamrāḍa	أَمْرَاضَ ʔamrāḍa
Genitive	أَمْرَاضٍ ʔamrāḍin	الْأَمْرَاضِ al-ʔamrāḍi	أَمْرَاضِ ʔamrāḍi

Declension of noun مَرَض (maraḍ)

Synonyms

• دَاء (dāʔ), عِلَّة (ʕilla), سُقْم (suqm)

Antonyms

• صِحَّة (ṣiḥḥa), عَافِيَة (ʕāfiya)

Descendants

• Maltese: mard
• → Azerbaijani: mərəz
• → Persian: مرض (maraz)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: मरज़ (marz)

    Urdu: مَرض (marz)

  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਮਰਜ਼ (maraz)

    Shahmukhi script: مرض (maraz)

• → Swahili: maradhi
  • → Lingala: maláli
• → Ottoman Turkish: مرض (maraz)
  • Turkish: maraz
  • → Albanian: maraz
  • → Armenian: մարազ (maraz)
  • → Crimean Tatar: maraz
  • → Greek: μαράζης (marázis), μαραζάρης (marazáris)
  • → Northern Kurdish: meraz
  • → Romanian: măraz, maraz
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: мараз

    Latin script: maraz

Hijazi Arabic

Root
م ر ض
2 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic مَرِضَ (mariḍa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mi.ridˤ/, [mɪ.rɪdˤ]

Verb

مرض • (miriḍ) I (non-past يِمْرض (yimraḍ))

1. to get sick

Conjugation

Conjugation of مرض

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	مرضت (miriḍt)	مرضت (miriḍt)	مرض (miriḍ)		مرضنا (miriḍna)	مرضتوا (miriḍtu)	مرضوا (mirḍu)
	f		مرضتي (miriḍti)	مرضت (mirḍat)
non-past	m	أمرض (ʔamraḍ)	تمرض (timraḍ)	يمرض (yimraḍ)		نمرض (nimraḍ)	تمرضوا (timraḍu)	يمرضوا (yimraḍu)
	f		تمرضي (timraḍi)	تمرض (timraḍ)
imperative	m		امرض (amraḍ)				امرضوا (amraḍu)
	f		امرضي (amraḍi)

See also

• مَريض (marīḍ, “sick, unwell”)

Etymology 2

From Arabic مَرَّضَ (marraḍa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mar.radˤ/

Verb

مرّض • (marraḍ) II (non-past يِمرِّض (yimarriḍ))

1. to cause sickness

   القهوة تمرّضني ! ― ʔal-gahwa timarriḍni ― Coffee makes me sick!

Conjugation

Conjugation of مرض

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	مرضت (marraḍt)	مرضت (marraḍt)	مرض (marraḍ)		مرضنا (marraḍna)	مرضتوا (marraḍtu)	مرضوا (marraḍu)
	f		مرضتي (marraḍti)	مرضت (marraḍat)
non-past	m	أمرض (ʔamarriḍ)	تمرض (timarriḍ)	يمرض (yimarriḍ)		نمرض (nimarriḍ)	تمرضوا (timarriḍu)	يمرضوا (yimarriḍu)
	f		تمرضي (timarriḍi)	تمرض (timarriḍ)
imperative	m		مرض (marriḍ)				مرضوا (marriḍu)
	f		مرضي (marriḍi)

Etymology 3

From Arabic مَرَض (maraḍ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma.radˤ/

Noun

مرض • (maraḍ) m (plural أمراض (ʔamrāḍ))

1. illness, sickness, disease

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَرَض (maraḍ, “disease, illness”), from Proto-Semitic *maraṣ̂- (“to be ill”).

Noun

مرض • (maraz) (definite accusative مرضی (marazı), plural امراض (emraz))

1. disease, sickness, illness, an abnormal condition of a human, animal or plant that causes discomfort or dysfunction

   Synonym: خسته‌لق (hastalık)

   • 1910 April 24, “دوقتور صوجیان [Doctor Sodjian]”, in Tercüman-i Ahval, page 4:

     امراض بولیهٔ تناسلیه و امراض داخلیه متخصص
     اسكی و یكی بل صغوقلغی و فرنكی و بوبرك و مثانه و امعا و معده خسته‌لقلرینی غایت سریع و یکی اصول اوزره تداوی ایدر.

     Emraz bevliye tenasüliye ve emraz dahiliye mütehassıs
     eski ve yeni belsoğukluğu ve frengi ve böbrek ve masane ve ema ve mi'de hastalıklarını gayet seri ve yeni usul üzere tedavi eder.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

• مرضلق (marazlık, “the state of one diseased”)
• مرضلو (marazlı, “suffering from any illness”)

Descendants

• Turkish: maraz
• → Albanian: maraz
• → Armenian: մարազ (maraz)
• → Crimean Tatar: maraz
• → Greek: μαράζης (marázis), μαραζάρης (marazáris)
• → Northern Kurdish: meraz
• → Romanian: măraz, maraz
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: мараз

  Latin script: maraz

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “maraz1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3061
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “maraz”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 693
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “مرض”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1149
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Morbus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1080
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “مرض”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 4574
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “maraz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “مرض”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1811

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَرَض (maraḍ).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ma.ɾaz]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mä.ɾäz]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mä.ɾäz]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [mä.ɾäz]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [mä.ɾäz]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [mæ.ɹæz]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [mä.ɾäz]

Readings
Classical reading?	maraz
Dari reading?	maraz
Iranian reading?	maraz
Tajik reading?	maraz

Noun

Dari	مرض
Iranian Persian
Tajik	мараз

مرض • (maraz) (plural امراض (amrâz) or مرض‌ها (maraz-hâ))

1. disease; illness, sickness

   Synonyms: ناخوشی (nâxoši), بیماری (bimâri)

Descendants

• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: मरज़ (marz)

  Urdu: مَرض (marz)

• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਮਰਜ਼ (maraz)

  Shahmukhi script: مرض (maraz)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
م ر ض
2 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic مَرِضَ (mariḍa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mi.ridˤ/, [ˈmi.rɪdˤ]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

مرض • (miriḍ) I (present بمرض (bimraḍ))

1. to get sick

Conjugation

Conjugation of مرض

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	مرضت (mriḍt)	مرضت (mriḍt)	مرض (miriḍ)		مرضنا (mriḍna)	مرضتو (mriḍtu)	مرضو (mirḍu)
	f		مرضتي (mriḍti)	مرضت (mirḍat)
present	m	بمرض (bamraḍ)	بتمرض (btimraḍ)	بمرض (bimraḍ)		منمرض (mnimraḍ)	بتمرضو (btimraḍu)	بمرضو (bimraḍu)
	f		بتمرضي (btimraḍi)	بتمرض (btimraḍ)
subjunctive	m	أمرض (ʔamraḍ)	تمرض (timraḍ)	يمرض (yimraḍ)		نمرض (nimraḍ)	تمرضو (timraḍu)	يمرضو (yimraḍu)
	f		تمرضي (timraḍi)	تمرض (timraḍ)
imperative	m		امرض (imraḍ)				امرضو (imraḍu)
	f		امرضي (imraḍi)

See also

• مريض (marīḍ, “sick, unwell”)

Etymology 2

From Arabic مَرَض (maraḍ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma.radˤ/, [ˈmɑ.rˤɑdˤ]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

مرض • (maraḍ) m (plural أمراض (ʔamrāḍ))

1. illness, sickness, disease

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مَرَض (maraz), from Arabic مَرَض (maraḍ).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /məɾz/

Noun

مَرض • (marz) m (Hindi spelling मरज़)

1. disease, illness, sickness, malady

   Synonyms: آزَار (āzār), بِیمَارِی (bīmārī)