ریش

See also: ريش, رئس, and ریس

Kashmiri

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ریش (rīš).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [reːʃ]

Noun

ریش • (rēś) m (Devanagari रेश)

1. beard

   Synonym: دٲر (dạ̄r)

Derived terms

• ریشَل (rēśal)

References

• S. K. Toshakhani, J. Lal Kaul, Mohiuddin Hajni, Prithvi Nath Pushp, Akhtar Mohiuddin (1968-1980) Kashir Dictionary Vol 3‎ (in Kashmiri), volume 3, Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages, page 377

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Persian ریش (riš, “beard”).

Noun

ریش • (riş)

1. beard, facial hair on the chin, cheeks, jaw and neck

   Synonym: صقال (sakal)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Persian ریش (riš, “wound”).

Noun

ریش • (riş)

1. wound, sore

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Arabic رِيش (rīš, “feathering, plumage”).

Noun

ریش • (riş) (plural ریاش)

1. (zoology) plumage, feathering
2. chattel property
3. means of subsistence
4. finery

Further reading

• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “ریش”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 635
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “ریش”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, columns 2407–2408
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ریش”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 998

Persian

Dari	رِیش
Iranian Persian	ریش
Tajik	риш

یک مرد با ریش کوتاه
yek mard bâ riš-e kutâh
A man with a short beard

Etymology 1

Derived from Middle Persian [script needed] (lyš /⁠rēš⁠/, “beard”), probably from Proto-Iranian *xraiša-, from Proto-Indo-European *kreyso-, itself from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kre-i-s-, an extension of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɾiːʃ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [riːʃ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [riːʃ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [riːʃ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [riʃ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɹiːʃ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɾiʃ]

Readings
Classical reading?	rīš
Dari reading?	rīš
Iranian reading?	riš
Tajik reading?	riš

Noun

ریش • (riš) (plural ریش‌ها (riš-hâ))

1. beard

Inflection

Basic forms of ریش

	singular	plural
bare	ریش (riš)	ریش‌ها، ریشا△ (riš-hấ, rišấ△)
definitive direct object	ریش را، ریش رو△ (riš râ, rišo△)	ریش‌ها را، ریشا رو△ (riš-hấ râ, rišấ ro△)
ezâfe	ریش (riš-e)	ریش‌های، ریشای△ (riš-hấ-ye, rišấ-ye△)
marked indefinite or relative definite	ریشی (riš-i)	ریش‌هایی، ریشایی△ (rišấn-i, riš-hấ-i, rišấi△)

^△ Colloquial.

Possessive forms of ریش

	singular	plural
1st person singular (“my”)	ریشم (rišam)	ریش‌هایم، ریش‌هام، ریشام△ (riš-hấyam, rišấm△)
2nd person singular (“your”)	ریشت (rišat, rišet△)	ریش‌هایت، ریش‌هات، ریشات△ (riš-hấyat, rišất△)
3rd person singular (“his, her, its”)	ریشش (rišaš, rišeš△)	ریش‌هایش، ریش‌هاش، ریشاش△ (riš-hấyaš, rišấš△)
1st person plural (“our”)	ریشمان، ریشمون△ (rišemân, rišemun△)	ریش‌هایمان، ریش‌هامون، ریشامون△ (riš-hấyemân, rišấmun△)
2nd person plural (“your”)	ریشتان، ریشتون△ (rišetân, rišetun△)	ریش‌هایتان، ریش‌هاتون، ریشاتون△ (riš-hấyetân, rišấtun△)
3rd person plural (“their”)	ریششان، ریششون△ (rišešân, rišešun△)	ریش‌هایشان، ریش‌هاشون، ریشاشون△ (riš-hấyešân, rišấšun△)

^△ Colloquial.

Related terms

• ریشو (rišu)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle Persian lyš (rēš), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *rayšás (“injury, wound”) from the root *rayš- (“to be wounded, hurt; to suffer injury”).^[2][3]

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɾeːʃ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [reːʃ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [reːʃ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [reːʃ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [reːʃ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɹiːʃ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɾeʃ]

Readings
Classical reading?	rēš
Dari reading?	rēš
Iranian reading?	riš
Tajik reading?	reš

Noun

ریش • (riš) (plural ریش‌ها (riš-hâ))

1. (Iran or uncommon) wound

   Synonyms: جراحت (jerâhat) (Iran), زخم (zaxm)

2. scar
3. ulcer

References

1. Edelʹman, D. I. (2020) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 358
2. Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 309
3. Edelʹman, D. I. (2020) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 357

Urdu

Etymology 1

Derived from Classical Persian ریش (rīš, “beard”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɾiːʃ/

Noun

ریش • (rīš) f (Hindi spelling रीश)

1. beard

Related terms

• ریشائیل (reśāel)

Etymology 2

Derived from Classical Persian ریش (rēš, “wound, injury”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɾeːʃ/

Noun

ریش • (rēš) m (Hindi spelling रेश)

1. wound
2. scar
3. ulcer
4. pus