خواب
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: جواب
Persian
Etymology
From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡 (hwʾb /xwāb/), from Proto-Iranian *hwápati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, from Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”).[1] Compare Sanskrit स्वप्न (svapna), Northern Kurdish xew, xewn, Russian спать (spatʹ), and Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”), whence hypnosis.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [xʷɑːβ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [xɒːb̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [χɔb]
Noun
خواب • (xwāb / xâb)
- sleep
- c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 26”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:
- سر فرا گوش من آورد، به آواز حزین
گفت: ای عاشق دیرینه من خوابت هست؟- sar farâ gôš-i man âward ba âwâz-i hazîn
guft ay âšiq-i dêrîna-yi man xwâb-at hast? - He brought his head close to my ear and, in a plaintive voice,
Said, "Hey, old-time lover of mine, are you asleep [lit. is sleep upon you]?"
- sar farâ gôš-i man âward ba âwâz-i hazîn
- c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 464”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:
- چون من خیال رویت جانا به خواب بینم
کز خواب مینبیند چشمم به جز خیالی- čôn man xayâl-i rôy-at jân-â ba xwâb bênam
k-az xwâb mê-na-bênad čašm-am ba juz xayâlê - My love, how can I glimpse your face in dreams
When my eyes cannot get but a single glimpse of sleep?
- čôn man xayâl-i rôy-at jân-â ba xwâb bênam
- c. 1720, 'Abd al-Qādir Bēdil, دیوان بیدل [The Divān of Bēdil]:
- بیداری میان دو خواب است هستیم
گرد تخیل دو سراب است هستیم- bîdârî-yi miyân-i dô xwâb ast hastêm
gard-i taxayyul-i dô sarâb ast hastêm - There is wakefulness between two slumbers; that is us;
There is the dust of fancies between two mirages; that is us.
- bîdârî-yi miyân-i dô xwâb ast hastêm
- dream
- Synonym: رؤیا (ru'yā / ro'yâ)
- c. 1185, Shihāb al-Dīn Suhrawardī, پرتونامه [The Book of Illumination]:
- رئیس طبیعی شود عالم را، و او را از عالم اعلا نصرت رسد و سخن او در عالم علوی مسموع باشد، و خواب و الهام او به کمال رسد.
- ra'îs-i tabî'î šawad âlim râ, u ô râ az âlim-i a'lâ nusrat rasad o suxan-i ô dar âlim-i ulwî masmû' bâšad, u xwâb u ilhâm-i ô ba kamâl rasad.
- He shall become the natural ruler of the world; succor shall come to him from the sublime world, and his word shall be obeyed in the celestial world; his dreams and inspirations shall reach perfection.
- c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 464”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:
- چون من خیال رویت جانا به خواب بینم
کز خواب مینبیند چشمم به جز خیالی- čôn man xayâl-i rôy-at jân-â ba xwâb bênam
k-az xwâb mê-na-bênad čašm-am ba juz xayâlê - My love, how can I glimpse your face in dreams
When my eyes cannot get but a single glimpse of sleep?
- čôn man xayâl-i rôy-at jân-â ba xwâb bênam
Derived terms
(verbs):
- به خواب رفتن (ba xwāb raftan / be xâb raftan, “to go to sleep”)
- خواب آمدن (xwāb āmadan / xâb âmadan, “to feel sleepy”)
- خواب از سر پریدن (xwāb az sar parīdan / xâb az sar paridan, “to awaken suddenly”)
- خواب بردن (xwāb burdan / xâb bordan, “to fall asleep”)
- خواب دیدن (xwāb dīdan / xâb didan, “to dream”)
- خوابیدن (xwābīdan / xâbidan, “to sleep”)
(others):
Related terms
- خفتن (xuftan / xoftan, “to sleep”)
Descendants
Adjective
خواب • (xwāb / xâb)
References
Further reading
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “خواب”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “خواب”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
Sindhi
Urdu
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