خلق

See also: خلف, حلق, جلق, and خ ل ق

Arabic

Root
خ ل ق (ḵ l q)
12 terms

Etymology 1.1

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *ḫalaq-, as Biblical Hebrew חָלַק (ḥɔláq, “to be smooth, slippery”) and Akkadian 𒄩𒀀 (ḫalāqum, “to vanish”), with a basic meaning of “to shift”, “to shake (off)”, “to shoehorn figuratively”, ultimately extended from the root which is in Arabic خ ل ل (ḵ-l-l) related to transfixation, as is خ ل س (ḵ-l-s) related to something being snatched,^[1] in Arabic further spawning ideas of a particularly shape or fitting.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xa.la.qa/

Verb

خَلَقَ • (ḵalaqa) I (non-past يَخْلُقُ (yaḵluqu), verbal noun خَلْق (ḵalq))

1. to create, to make
2. to shape, to form

Conjugation

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						خَلْق ḵalq
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						خَالِق, خُلُوق ḵāliq, ḵulūq
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَخْلُوق maḵlūq
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خَلَقْتُ ḵalaqtu	خَلَقْتَ ḵalaqta	خَلَقَ ḵalaqa		خَلَقْتُمَا ḵalaqtumā	خَلَقَا ḵalaqā		خَلَقْنَا ḵalaqnā	خَلَقْتُمْ ḵalaqtum	خَلَقُوا ḵalaqū
	f		خَلَقْتِ ḵalaqti	خَلَقَتْ ḵalaqat			خَلَقَتَا ḵalaqatā			خَلَقْتُنَّ ḵalaqtunna	خَلَقْنَ ḵalaqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَخْلُقُ ʔaḵluqu	تَخْلُقُ taḵluqu	يَخْلُقُ yaḵluqu		تَخْلُقَانِ taḵluqāni	يَخْلُقَانِ yaḵluqāni		نَخْلُقُ naḵluqu	تَخْلُقُونَ taḵluqūna	يَخْلُقُونَ yaḵluqūna
	f		تَخْلُقِينَ taḵluqīna	تَخْلُقُ taḵluqu			تَخْلُقَانِ taḵluqāni			تَخْلُقْنَ taḵluqna	يَخْلُقْنَ yaḵluqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَخْلُقَ ʔaḵluqa	تَخْلُقَ taḵluqa	يَخْلُقَ yaḵluqa		تَخْلُقَا taḵluqā	يَخْلُقَا yaḵluqā		نَخْلُقَ naḵluqa	تَخْلُقُوا taḵluqū	يَخْلُقُوا yaḵluqū
	f		تَخْلُقِي taḵluqī	تَخْلُقَ taḵluqa			تَخْلُقَا taḵluqā			تَخْلُقْنَ taḵluqna	يَخْلُقْنَ yaḵluqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَخْلُقْ ʔaḵluq	تَخْلُقْ taḵluq	يَخْلُقْ yaḵluq		تَخْلُقَا taḵluqā	يَخْلُقَا yaḵluqā		نَخْلُقْ naḵluq	تَخْلُقُوا taḵluqū	يَخْلُقُوا yaḵluqū
	f		تَخْلُقِي taḵluqī	تَخْلُقْ taḵluq			تَخْلُقَا taḵluqā			تَخْلُقْنَ taḵluqna	يَخْلُقْنَ yaḵluqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُخْلُقْ uḵluq			اُخْلُقَا uḵluqā				اُخْلُقُوا uḵluqū
	f		اُخْلُقِي uḵluqī							اُخْلُقْنَ uḵluqna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خُلِقْتُ ḵuliqtu	خُلِقْتَ ḵuliqta	خُلِقَ ḵuliqa		خُلِقْتُمَا ḵuliqtumā	خُلِقَا ḵuliqā		خُلِقْنَا ḵuliqnā	خُلِقْتُمْ ḵuliqtum	خُلِقُوا ḵuliqū
	f		خُلِقْتِ ḵuliqti	خُلِقَتْ ḵuliqat			خُلِقَتَا ḵuliqatā			خُلِقْتُنَّ ḵuliqtunna	خُلِقْنَ ḵuliqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخْلَقُ ʔuḵlaqu	تُخْلَقُ tuḵlaqu	يُخْلَقُ yuḵlaqu		تُخْلَقَانِ tuḵlaqāni	يُخْلَقَانِ yuḵlaqāni		نُخْلَقُ nuḵlaqu	تُخْلَقُونَ tuḵlaqūna	يُخْلَقُونَ yuḵlaqūna
	f		تُخْلَقِينَ tuḵlaqīna	تُخْلَقُ tuḵlaqu			تُخْلَقَانِ tuḵlaqāni			تُخْلَقْنَ tuḵlaqna	يُخْلَقْنَ yuḵlaqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخْلَقَ ʔuḵlaqa	تُخْلَقَ tuḵlaqa	يُخْلَقَ yuḵlaqa		تُخْلَقَا tuḵlaqā	يُخْلَقَا yuḵlaqā		نُخْلَقَ nuḵlaqa	تُخْلَقُوا tuḵlaqū	يُخْلَقُوا yuḵlaqū
	f		تُخْلَقِي tuḵlaqī	تُخْلَقَ tuḵlaqa			تُخْلَقَا tuḵlaqā			تُخْلَقْنَ tuḵlaqna	يُخْلَقْنَ yuḵlaqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخْلَقْ ʔuḵlaq	تُخْلَقْ tuḵlaq	يُخْلَقْ yuḵlaq		تُخْلَقَا tuḵlaqā	يُخْلَقَا yuḵlaqā		نُخْلَقْ nuḵlaq	تُخْلَقُوا tuḵlaqū	يُخْلَقُوا yuḵlaqū
	f		تُخْلَقِي tuḵlaqī	تُخْلَقْ tuḵlaq			تُخْلَقَا tuḵlaqā			تُخْلَقْنَ tuḵlaqna	يُخْلَقْنَ yuḵlaqna

    Conjugation of خَلَقَ (I, sound, a ~ u, full passive, verbal noun خَلْق)

Descendants

• → Lishana Deni: כלאקא (xalāqa)

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xa.lu.qa/

Verb

خَلُقَ • (ḵaluqa) I (non-past يَخْلُقُ (yaḵluqu), verbal noun خَلَاقَة (ḵalāqa))

1. to be suitable, be fit

Conjugation

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						خَلَاقَة ḵalāqa
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						خَلِيق ḵalīq
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خَلُقْتُ ḵaluqtu	خَلُقْتَ ḵaluqta	خَلُقَ ḵaluqa		خَلُقْتُمَا ḵaluqtumā	خَلُقَا ḵaluqā		خَلُقْنَا ḵaluqnā	خَلُقْتُمْ ḵaluqtum	خَلُقُوا ḵaluqū
	f		خَلُقْتِ ḵaluqti	خَلُقَتْ ḵaluqat			خَلُقَتَا ḵaluqatā			خَلُقْتُنَّ ḵaluqtunna	خَلُقْنَ ḵaluqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَخْلُقُ ʔaḵluqu	تَخْلُقُ taḵluqu	يَخْلُقُ yaḵluqu		تَخْلُقَانِ taḵluqāni	يَخْلُقَانِ yaḵluqāni		نَخْلُقُ naḵluqu	تَخْلُقُونَ taḵluqūna	يَخْلُقُونَ yaḵluqūna
	f		تَخْلُقِينَ taḵluqīna	تَخْلُقُ taḵluqu			تَخْلُقَانِ taḵluqāni			تَخْلُقْنَ taḵluqna	يَخْلُقْنَ yaḵluqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَخْلُقَ ʔaḵluqa	تَخْلُقَ taḵluqa	يَخْلُقَ yaḵluqa		تَخْلُقَا taḵluqā	يَخْلُقَا yaḵluqā		نَخْلُقَ naḵluqa	تَخْلُقُوا taḵluqū	يَخْلُقُوا yaḵluqū
	f		تَخْلُقِي taḵluqī	تَخْلُقَ taḵluqa			تَخْلُقَا taḵluqā			تَخْلُقْنَ taḵluqna	يَخْلُقْنَ yaḵluqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَخْلُقْ ʔaḵluq	تَخْلُقْ taḵluq	يَخْلُقْ yaḵluq		تَخْلُقَا taḵluqā	يَخْلُقَا yaḵluqā		نَخْلُقْ naḵluq	تَخْلُقُوا taḵluqū	يَخْلُقُوا yaḵluqū
	f		تَخْلُقِي taḵluqī	تَخْلُقْ taḵluq			تَخْلُقَا taḵluqā			تَخْلُقْنَ taḵluqna	يَخْلُقْنَ yaḵluqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُخْلُقْ uḵluq			اُخْلُقَا uḵluqā				اُخْلُقُوا uḵluqū
	f		اُخْلُقِي uḵluqī							اُخْلُقْنَ uḵluqna

    Conjugation of خَلُقَ (I, sound, u ~ u, no passive (?), verbal noun خَلَاقَة)

Etymology 1.3

Probably denominal from the perfume compound خَلُوق (ḵalūq), خِلَاق (ḵilāq), which is then from the base stem “to create, to compose” above.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xal.la.qa/

Verb

خَلَّقَ • (ḵallaqa) II (non-past يُخَلِّقُ (yuḵalliqu), verbal noun تَخْلِيق (taḵlīq))

1. to perfume

Conjugation

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَخْلِيق taḵlīq
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُخَلِّق muḵalliq
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُخَلَّق muḵallaq
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خَلَّقْتُ ḵallaqtu	خَلَّقْتَ ḵallaqta	خَلَّقَ ḵallaqa		خَلَّقْتُمَا ḵallaqtumā	خَلَّقَا ḵallaqā		خَلَّقْنَا ḵallaqnā	خَلَّقْتُمْ ḵallaqtum	خَلَّقُوا ḵallaqū
	f		خَلَّقْتِ ḵallaqti	خَلَّقَتْ ḵallaqat			خَلَّقَتَا ḵallaqatā			خَلَّقْتُنَّ ḵallaqtunna	خَلَّقْنَ ḵallaqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَلِّقُ ʔuḵalliqu	تُخَلِّقُ tuḵalliqu	يُخَلِّقُ yuḵalliqu		تُخَلِّقَانِ tuḵalliqāni	يُخَلِّقَانِ yuḵalliqāni		نُخَلِّقُ nuḵalliqu	تُخَلِّقُونَ tuḵalliqūna	يُخَلِّقُونَ yuḵalliqūna
	f		تُخَلِّقِينَ tuḵalliqīna	تُخَلِّقُ tuḵalliqu			تُخَلِّقَانِ tuḵalliqāni			تُخَلِّقْنَ tuḵalliqna	يُخَلِّقْنَ yuḵalliqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَلِّقَ ʔuḵalliqa	تُخَلِّقَ tuḵalliqa	يُخَلِّقَ yuḵalliqa		تُخَلِّقَا tuḵalliqā	يُخَلِّقَا yuḵalliqā		نُخَلِّقَ nuḵalliqa	تُخَلِّقُوا tuḵalliqū	يُخَلِّقُوا yuḵalliqū
	f		تُخَلِّقِي tuḵalliqī	تُخَلِّقَ tuḵalliqa			تُخَلِّقَا tuḵalliqā			تُخَلِّقْنَ tuḵalliqna	يُخَلِّقْنَ yuḵalliqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَلِّقْ ʔuḵalliq	تُخَلِّقْ tuḵalliq	يُخَلِّقْ yuḵalliq		تُخَلِّقَا tuḵalliqā	يُخَلِّقَا yuḵalliqā		نُخَلِّقْ nuḵalliq	تُخَلِّقُوا tuḵalliqū	يُخَلِّقُوا yuḵalliqū
	f		تُخَلِّقِي tuḵalliqī	تُخَلِّقْ tuḵalliq			تُخَلِّقَا tuḵalliqā			تُخَلِّقْنَ tuḵalliqna	يُخَلِّقْنَ yuḵalliqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		خَلِّقْ ḵalliq			خَلِّقَا ḵalliqā				خَلِّقُوا ḵalliqū
	f		خَلِّقِي ḵalliqī							خَلِّقْنَ ḵalliqna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خُلِّقْتُ ḵulliqtu	خُلِّقْتَ ḵulliqta	خُلِّقَ ḵulliqa		خُلِّقْتُمَا ḵulliqtumā	خُلِّقَا ḵulliqā		خُلِّقْنَا ḵulliqnā	خُلِّقْتُمْ ḵulliqtum	خُلِّقُوا ḵulliqū
	f		خُلِّقْتِ ḵulliqti	خُلِّقَتْ ḵulliqat			خُلِّقَتَا ḵulliqatā			خُلِّقْتُنَّ ḵulliqtunna	خُلِّقْنَ ḵulliqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَلَّقُ ʔuḵallaqu	تُخَلَّقُ tuḵallaqu	يُخَلَّقُ yuḵallaqu		تُخَلَّقَانِ tuḵallaqāni	يُخَلَّقَانِ yuḵallaqāni		نُخَلَّقُ nuḵallaqu	تُخَلَّقُونَ tuḵallaqūna	يُخَلَّقُونَ yuḵallaqūna
	f		تُخَلَّقِينَ tuḵallaqīna	تُخَلَّقُ tuḵallaqu			تُخَلَّقَانِ tuḵallaqāni			تُخَلَّقْنَ tuḵallaqna	يُخَلَّقْنَ yuḵallaqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَلَّقَ ʔuḵallaqa	تُخَلَّقَ tuḵallaqa	يُخَلَّقَ yuḵallaqa		تُخَلَّقَا tuḵallaqā	يُخَلَّقَا yuḵallaqā		نُخَلَّقَ nuḵallaqa	تُخَلَّقُوا tuḵallaqū	يُخَلَّقُوا yuḵallaqū
	f		تُخَلَّقِي tuḵallaqī	تُخَلَّقَ tuḵallaqa			تُخَلَّقَا tuḵallaqā			تُخَلَّقْنَ tuḵallaqna	يُخَلَّقْنَ yuḵallaqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَلَّقْ ʔuḵallaq	تُخَلَّقْ tuḵallaq	يُخَلَّقْ yuḵallaq		تُخَلَّقَا tuḵallaqā	يُخَلَّقَا yuḵallaqā		نُخَلَّقْ nuḵallaq	تُخَلَّقُوا tuḵallaqū	يُخَلَّقُوا yuḵallaqū
	f		تُخَلَّقِي tuḵallaqī	تُخَلَّقْ tuḵallaq			تُخَلَّقَا tuḵallaqā			تُخَلَّقْنَ tuḵallaqna	يُخَلَّقْنَ yuḵallaqna

    Conjugation of خَلَّقَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَخْلِيق)

Etymology 1.4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xalq/

Noun

خَلْق • (ḵalq) m

1. verbal noun of خَلَقَ (ḵalaqa) (form I)
2. creation
3. (collective) creation (“all which exists”), creatures
4. (collective) people
   • 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi :

     أَنَامُ مِلْءَ جُفُونِي عَنْ شَوارِدِهَا / وَيَسْهَرُ الْخَلْقُ جَرَّاهَا وَيَخْتَصِمُ

     ʔanāmu milʔa jufūnī ʕan šawāridihā / wayasharu al-ḵalqu jarrāhā wayaḵtaṣimu

5. pleb, plebeian

Declension

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَلْق ḵalq	الْخَلْق al-ḵalq	خَلْق ḵalq
Nominative	خَلْقٌ ḵalqun	الْخَلْقُ al-ḵalqu	خَلْقُ ḵalqu
Accusative	خَلْقًا ḵalqan	الْخَلْقَ al-ḵalqa	خَلْقَ ḵalqa
Genitive	خَلْقٍ ḵalqin	الْخَلْقِ al-ḵalqi	خَلْقِ ḵalqi

Declension of noun خَلْق (ḵalq)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: xəlq, xalq
• → Bashkir: халыҡ (xalıq)
• → Classical Persian: خَلْق (xalq) (see there for further descendants)
• → Chechen: халкь (xalkʲ)
• → Crimean Tatar: halq
• → Eastern Mari: калык (kalyk)
• → Georgian: ხალხი (xalxi)
  • → Bats: ხალხ (xalx)
  • → Mingrelian: ხარხი (xarxi)
  • → Svan: ხა̈ლხ (xälx)
• → Khakas: халых (xalıx)
• → Kumyk: халкъ (xalq)
• → Lezgi: халкь (χalq̇)
• → Middle Armenian: խալխ (xalx)
  • → Armenian: խալխ (xalx)
• → Nogai: халк (xalk)
• → Northern Kurdish: xelq
• → Ottoman Turkish: خلق
  • Turkish: halk
• → Shor: қалық
• → Southern Altai: калык (kalïk)
• → Tatar: халык (xalıq)

Etymology 1.5

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xu.luq/

Noun

خُلُق • (ḵuluq) m (dual خُلُقَانِ (ḵuluqāni), plural أَخْلَاق (ʔaḵlāq))

1. natural disposition, character, nature
2. inborn quality
3. manners, character
4. morals, morality
   • (Can we date this quote?) Ahmad Shawqi

     وَإِنَّمَا ٱلْأُمَمُ ٱلْأَخْلَاقُ مَا بَقِيَتْ / فَإِنْ هُمُ ذَهَبَتْ أَخْلَاقُهُمْ ذَهَبُوا

     waʔinnamā l-ʔumamu l-ʔaḵlāqu mā baqiyat / faʔin humu ḏahabat ʔaḵlāquhum ḏahabū

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

5. (Modern Standard Arabic) anger, irritation
6. (Modern Standard Arabic) bravery
7. (Modern Standard Arabic) religion
8. (Modern Standard Arabic) humanity
9. (Modern Standard Arabic) refinement

Declension

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خُلُق ḵuluq	الْخُلُق al-ḵuluq	خُلُق ḵuluq
Nominative	خُلُقٌ ḵuluqun	الْخُلُقُ al-ḵuluqu	خُلُقُ ḵuluqu
Accusative	خُلُقًا ḵuluqan	الْخُلُقَ al-ḵuluqa	خُلُقَ ḵuluqa
Genitive	خُلُقٍ ḵuluqin	الْخُلُقِ al-ḵuluqi	خُلُقِ ḵuluqi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خُلُقَيْن ḵuluqayn	الْخُلُقَيْن al-ḵuluqayn	خُلُقَيْ ḵuluqay
Nominative	خُلُقَانِ ḵuluqāni	الْخُلُقَانِ al-ḵuluqāni	خُلُقَا ḵuluqā
Accusative	خُلُقَيْنِ ḵuluqayni	الْخُلُقَيْنِ al-ḵuluqayni	خُلُقَيْ ḵuluqay
Genitive	خُلُقَيْنِ ḵuluqayni	الْخُلُقَيْنِ al-ḵuluqayni	خُلُقَيْ ḵuluqay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَخْلَاق ʔaḵlāq	الْأَخْلَاق al-ʔaḵlāq	أَخْلَاق ʔaḵlāq
Nominative	أَخْلَاقٌ ʔaḵlāqun	الْأَخْلَاقُ al-ʔaḵlāqu	أَخْلَاقُ ʔaḵlāqu
Accusative	أَخْلَاقًا ʔaḵlāqan	الْأَخْلَاقَ al-ʔaḵlāqa	أَخْلَاقَ ʔaḵlāqa
Genitive	أَخْلَاقٍ ʔaḵlāqin	الْأَخْلَاقِ al-ʔaḵlāqi	أَخْلَاقِ ʔaḵlāqi

Declension of noun خُلُق (ḵuluq)

Descendants

• → Persian: خلق (xolq)
• → Turkish: kılık
• → Bashkir: холоҡ (xoloq)
• → Kazakh: құлық (qūlyq)

(via plural form أَخْلَاق (ʔaḵlāq))

• → Azerbaijani: əxlaq
• → Classical Malay: اخلاق
  • → Malay: akhlak
  • → Indonesian: akhlak
• → Persian: اخلاق
  • Urdu: اخلاق
• → Ottoman Turkish: اخلاق
  • → Turkish: ahlak
  • → Crimean Tatar: ahlâq
• → Uyghur: ئەخلاق (exlaq)
• → Uzbek: axloq

Etymology 1.6

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xi.laq/

Noun

خِلَق • (ḵilaq) pl

1. plural of خِلْقَة (ḵilqa)

Etymology 2.1

Plausibly a liquid variant of خ ر ق (ḵ-r-q), but it is sensible that it rather relates to the rest of خ ل ق (ḵ-l-q) via the idea of a rag being fitted into somewhere or onto a body or item, until serving purposes of polishing and making things smoother.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xa.lu.qa/, /xa.li.qa/, /xa.la.qa/

Verb

خَلُقَ • (ḵaluqa) I (non-past يَخْلُقُ (yaḵluqu), verbal noun خُلُوقَة (ḵulūqa) or خَلَاقَة (ḵalāqa))
خَلِقَ • (ḵaliqa) I (non-past يَخْلَقُ (yaḵlaqu), verbal noun خَلَق (ḵalaq))
خَلَقَ • (ḵalaqa) I (non-past يَخْلُقُ (yaḵluqu), verbal noun خُلُوق (ḵulūq))

1. to be old and worn out (of a garment)
2. to be smooth and soft (of an item, through wear)

Conjugation

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						خُلُوقَة, خَلَاقَة ḵulūqa, ḵalāqa
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						أَخْلَق ʔaḵlaq
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خَلُقْتُ ḵaluqtu	خَلُقْتَ ḵaluqta	خَلُقَ ḵaluqa		خَلُقْتُمَا ḵaluqtumā	خَلُقَا ḵaluqā		خَلُقْنَا ḵaluqnā	خَلُقْتُمْ ḵaluqtum	خَلُقُوا ḵaluqū
	f		خَلُقْتِ ḵaluqti	خَلُقَتْ ḵaluqat			خَلُقَتَا ḵaluqatā			خَلُقْتُنَّ ḵaluqtunna	خَلُقْنَ ḵaluqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَخْلُقُ ʔaḵluqu	تَخْلُقُ taḵluqu	يَخْلُقُ yaḵluqu		تَخْلُقَانِ taḵluqāni	يَخْلُقَانِ yaḵluqāni		نَخْلُقُ naḵluqu	تَخْلُقُونَ taḵluqūna	يَخْلُقُونَ yaḵluqūna
	f		تَخْلُقِينَ taḵluqīna	تَخْلُقُ taḵluqu			تَخْلُقَانِ taḵluqāni			تَخْلُقْنَ taḵluqna	يَخْلُقْنَ yaḵluqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَخْلُقَ ʔaḵluqa	تَخْلُقَ taḵluqa	يَخْلُقَ yaḵluqa		تَخْلُقَا taḵluqā	يَخْلُقَا yaḵluqā		نَخْلُقَ naḵluqa	تَخْلُقُوا taḵluqū	يَخْلُقُوا yaḵluqū
	f		تَخْلُقِي taḵluqī	تَخْلُقَ taḵluqa			تَخْلُقَا taḵluqā			تَخْلُقْنَ taḵluqna	يَخْلُقْنَ yaḵluqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَخْلُقْ ʔaḵluq	تَخْلُقْ taḵluq	يَخْلُقْ yaḵluq		تَخْلُقَا taḵluqā	يَخْلُقَا yaḵluqā		نَخْلُقْ naḵluq	تَخْلُقُوا taḵluqū	يَخْلُقُوا yaḵluqū
	f		تَخْلُقِي taḵluqī	تَخْلُقْ taḵluq			تَخْلُقَا taḵluqā			تَخْلُقْنَ taḵluqna	يَخْلُقْنَ yaḵluqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُخْلُقْ uḵluq			اُخْلُقَا uḵluqā				اُخْلُقُوا uḵluqū
	f		اُخْلُقِي uḵluqī							اُخْلُقْنَ uḵluqna

    Conjugation of خَلُقَ (I, sound, u ~ u, no passive, verbal nouns خُلُوقَة, خَلَاقَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						خَلَق ḵalaq
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						أَخْلَق ʔaḵlaq
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خَلِقْتُ ḵaliqtu	خَلِقْتَ ḵaliqta	خَلِقَ ḵaliqa		خَلِقْتُمَا ḵaliqtumā	خَلِقَا ḵaliqā		خَلِقْنَا ḵaliqnā	خَلِقْتُمْ ḵaliqtum	خَلِقُوا ḵaliqū
	f		خَلِقْتِ ḵaliqti	خَلِقَتْ ḵaliqat			خَلِقَتَا ḵaliqatā			خَلِقْتُنَّ ḵaliqtunna	خَلِقْنَ ḵaliqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَخْلَقُ ʔaḵlaqu	تَخْلَقُ taḵlaqu	يَخْلَقُ yaḵlaqu		تَخْلَقَانِ taḵlaqāni	يَخْلَقَانِ yaḵlaqāni		نَخْلَقُ naḵlaqu	تَخْلَقُونَ taḵlaqūna	يَخْلَقُونَ yaḵlaqūna
	f		تَخْلَقِينَ taḵlaqīna	تَخْلَقُ taḵlaqu			تَخْلَقَانِ taḵlaqāni			تَخْلَقْنَ taḵlaqna	يَخْلَقْنَ yaḵlaqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَخْلَقَ ʔaḵlaqa	تَخْلَقَ taḵlaqa	يَخْلَقَ yaḵlaqa		تَخْلَقَا taḵlaqā	يَخْلَقَا yaḵlaqā		نَخْلَقَ naḵlaqa	تَخْلَقُوا taḵlaqū	يَخْلَقُوا yaḵlaqū
	f		تَخْلَقِي taḵlaqī	تَخْلَقَ taḵlaqa			تَخْلَقَا taḵlaqā			تَخْلَقْنَ taḵlaqna	يَخْلَقْنَ yaḵlaqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَخْلَقْ ʔaḵlaq	تَخْلَقْ taḵlaq	يَخْلَقْ yaḵlaq		تَخْلَقَا taḵlaqā	يَخْلَقَا yaḵlaqā		نَخْلَقْ naḵlaq	تَخْلَقُوا taḵlaqū	يَخْلَقُوا yaḵlaqū
	f		تَخْلَقِي taḵlaqī	تَخْلَقْ taḵlaq			تَخْلَقَا taḵlaqā			تَخْلَقْنَ taḵlaqna	يَخْلَقْنَ yaḵlaqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِخْلَقْ iḵlaq			اِخْلَقَا iḵlaqā				اِخْلَقُوا iḵlaqū
	f		اِخْلَقِي iḵlaqī							اِخْلَقْنَ iḵlaqna

    Conjugation of خَلِقَ (I, sound, i ~ a, no passive, verbal noun خَلَق)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						خُلُوق ḵulūq
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						أَخْلَق ʔaḵlaq
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خَلَقْتُ ḵalaqtu	خَلَقْتَ ḵalaqta	خَلَقَ ḵalaqa		خَلَقْتُمَا ḵalaqtumā	خَلَقَا ḵalaqā		خَلَقْنَا ḵalaqnā	خَلَقْتُمْ ḵalaqtum	خَلَقُوا ḵalaqū
	f		خَلَقْتِ ḵalaqti	خَلَقَتْ ḵalaqat			خَلَقَتَا ḵalaqatā			خَلَقْتُنَّ ḵalaqtunna	خَلَقْنَ ḵalaqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَخْلُقُ ʔaḵluqu	تَخْلُقُ taḵluqu	يَخْلُقُ yaḵluqu		تَخْلُقَانِ taḵluqāni	يَخْلُقَانِ yaḵluqāni		نَخْلُقُ naḵluqu	تَخْلُقُونَ taḵluqūna	يَخْلُقُونَ yaḵluqūna
	f		تَخْلُقِينَ taḵluqīna	تَخْلُقُ taḵluqu			تَخْلُقَانِ taḵluqāni			تَخْلُقْنَ taḵluqna	يَخْلُقْنَ yaḵluqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَخْلُقَ ʔaḵluqa	تَخْلُقَ taḵluqa	يَخْلُقَ yaḵluqa		تَخْلُقَا taḵluqā	يَخْلُقَا yaḵluqā		نَخْلُقَ naḵluqa	تَخْلُقُوا taḵluqū	يَخْلُقُوا yaḵluqū
	f		تَخْلُقِي taḵluqī	تَخْلُقَ taḵluqa			تَخْلُقَا taḵluqā			تَخْلُقْنَ taḵluqna	يَخْلُقْنَ yaḵluqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَخْلُقْ ʔaḵluq	تَخْلُقْ taḵluq	يَخْلُقْ yaḵluq		تَخْلُقَا taḵluqā	يَخْلُقَا yaḵluqā		نَخْلُقْ naḵluq	تَخْلُقُوا taḵluqū	يَخْلُقُوا yaḵluqū
	f		تَخْلُقِي taḵluqī	تَخْلُقْ taḵluq			تَخْلُقَا taḵluqā			تَخْلُقْنَ taḵluqna	يَخْلُقْنَ yaḵluqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُخْلُقْ uḵluq			اُخْلُقَا uḵluqā				اُخْلُقُوا uḵluqū
	f		اُخْلُقِي uḵluqī							اُخْلُقْنَ uḵluqna

    Conjugation of خَلَقَ (I, sound, a ~ u, no passive, verbal noun خُلُوق)

Etymology 2.2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xa.laq/

Noun

خَلَق • (ḵalaq) m or f (plural خُلْقَان (ḵulqān) or أَخْلَاق (ʔaḵlāq))

1. verbal noun of خَلِقَ (ḵaliqa) (form I)
2. rags
3. old age
4. men, people

Declension

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَلَق ḵalaq	الْخَلَق al-ḵalaq	خَلَق ḵalaq
Nominative	خَلَقٌ ḵalaqun	الْخَلَقُ al-ḵalaqu	خَلَقُ ḵalaqu
Accusative	خَلَقًا ḵalaqan	الْخَلَقَ al-ḵalaqa	خَلَقَ ḵalaqa
Genitive	خَلَقٍ ḵalaqin	الْخَلَقِ al-ḵalaqi	خَلَقِ ḵalaqi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَلَقَيْن ḵalaqayn	الْخَلَقَيْن al-ḵalaqayn	خَلَقَيْ ḵalaqay
Nominative	خَلَقَانِ ḵalaqāni	الْخَلَقَانِ al-ḵalaqāni	خَلَقَا ḵalaqā
Accusative	خَلَقَيْنِ ḵalaqayni	الْخَلَقَيْنِ al-ḵalaqayni	خَلَقَيْ ḵalaqay
Genitive	خَلَقَيْنِ ḵalaqayni	الْخَلَقَيْنِ al-ḵalaqayni	خَلَقَيْ ḵalaqay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خُلْقَان‎; أَخْلَاق ḵulqān‎; ʔaḵlāq	الْخُلْقَان‎; الْأَخْلَاق al-ḵulqān‎; al-ʔaḵlāq	خُلْقَان‎; أَخْلَاق ḵulqān‎; ʔaḵlāq
Nominative	خُلْقَانٌ‎; أَخْلَاقٌ ḵulqānun‎; ʔaḵlāqun	الْخُلْقَانُ‎; الْأَخْلَاقُ al-ḵulqānu‎; al-ʔaḵlāqu	خُلْقَانُ‎; أَخْلَاقُ ḵulqānu‎; ʔaḵlāqu
Accusative	خُلْقَانًا‎; أَخْلَاقًا ḵulqānan‎; ʔaḵlāqan	الْخُلْقَانَ‎; الْأَخْلَاقَ al-ḵulqāna‎; al-ʔaḵlāqa	خُلْقَانَ‎; أَخْلَاقَ ḵulqāna‎; ʔaḵlāqa
Genitive	خُلْقَانٍ‎; أَخْلَاقٍ ḵulqānin‎; ʔaḵlāqin	الْخُلْقَانِ‎; الْأَخْلَاقِ al-ḵulqāni‎; al-ʔaḵlāqi	خُلْقَانِ‎; أَخْلَاقِ ḵulqāni‎; ʔaḵlāqi

Declension of noun خَلَق (ḵalaq)

Adjective

خَلَق • (ḵalaq) (feminine خَلَق (ḵalaq), common plural خُلْقَان (ḵulqān) or أَخْلَاق (ʔaḵlāq))

1. worn, threadbare

Declension

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	خَلَق ḵalaq	الْخَلَق al-ḵalaq	خَلَق ḵalaq	الْخَلَق al-ḵalaq
Nominative	خَلَقٌ ḵalaqun	الْخَلَقُ al-ḵalaqu	خَلَقٌ ḵalaqun	الْخَلَقُ al-ḵalaqu
Accusative	خَلَقًا ḵalaqan	الْخَلَقَ al-ḵalaqa	خَلَقًا ḵalaqan	الْخَلَقَ al-ḵalaqa
Genitive	خَلَقٍ ḵalaqin	الْخَلَقِ al-ḵalaqi	خَلَقٍ ḵalaqin	الْخَلَقِ al-ḵalaqi
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	خَلَقَيْن ḵalaqayn	الْخَلَقَيْن al-ḵalaqayn	خَلَقَيْن ḵalaqayn	الْخَلَقَيْن al-ḵalaqayn
Nominative	خَلَقَانِ ḵalaqāni	الْخَلَقَانِ al-ḵalaqāni	خَلَقَانِ ḵalaqāni	الْخَلَقَانِ al-ḵalaqāni
Accusative	خَلَقَيْنِ ḵalaqayni	الْخَلَقَيْنِ al-ḵalaqayni	خَلَقَيْنِ ḵalaqayni	الْخَلَقَيْنِ al-ḵalaqayni
Genitive	خَلَقَيْنِ ḵalaqayni	الْخَلَقَيْنِ al-ḵalaqayni	خَلَقَيْنِ ḵalaqayni	الْخَلَقَيْنِ al-ḵalaqayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	basic broken plural triptote		basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	خُلْقَان‎; أَخْلَاق ḵulqān‎; ʔaḵlāq	الْخُلْقَان‎; الْأَخْلَاق al-ḵulqān‎; al-ʔaḵlāq	خُلْقَان‎; أَخْلَاق ḵulqān‎; ʔaḵlāq	الْخُلْقَان‎; الْأَخْلَاق al-ḵulqān‎; al-ʔaḵlāq
Nominative	خُلْقَانٌ‎; أَخْلَاقٌ ḵulqānun‎; ʔaḵlāqun	الْخُلْقَانُ‎; الْأَخْلَاقُ al-ḵulqānu‎; al-ʔaḵlāqu	خُلْقَانٌ‎; أَخْلَاقٌ ḵulqānun‎; ʔaḵlāqun	الْخُلْقَانُ‎; الْأَخْلَاقُ al-ḵulqānu‎; al-ʔaḵlāqu
Accusative	خُلْقَانًا‎; أَخْلَاقًا ḵulqānan‎; ʔaḵlāqan	الْخُلْقَانَ‎; الْأَخْلَاقَ al-ḵulqāna‎; al-ʔaḵlāqa	خُلْقَانًا‎; أَخْلَاقًا ḵulqānan‎; ʔaḵlāqan	الْخُلْقَانَ‎; الْأَخْلَاقَ al-ḵulqāna‎; al-ʔaḵlāqa
Genitive	خُلْقَانٍ‎; أَخْلَاقٍ ḵulqānin‎; ʔaḵlāqin	الْخُلْقَانِ‎; الْأَخْلَاقِ al-ḵulqāni‎; al-ʔaḵlāqi	خُلْقَانٍ‎; أَخْلَاقٍ ḵulqānin‎; ʔaḵlāqin	الْخُلْقَانِ‎; الْأَخْلَاقِ al-ḵulqāni‎; al-ʔaḵlāqi

Declension of adjective خَلَق (ḵalaq)

References

• “خلق” in Almaany

1. Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 431

Hijazi Arabic

Root
خ ل ق
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic خَلَقَ (ḵalaqa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xa.laɡ/

Verb

خَلَق • (ḵalag) I (non-past يِخْلق (yiḵlug, yiḵlig))

1. to create, to make
2. to shape, to form

Conjugation

Conjugation of خلق (ḵalag)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	خلقت (ḵalagt)	خلقت (ḵalagt)	خلق (ḵalag)		خلقنا (ḵalagna)	خلقتوا (ḵalagtu)	خلقوا (ḵalagu)
	f		خلقتي (ḵalagti)	خلقت (ḵalagat)
non-past	m	أخلق (ʔaḵlug)	تخلق (tiḵlug)	يخلق (yiḵlug)		نخلق (niḵlug)	تخلقوا (tiḵlugu)	يخلقوا (yiḵlugu)
	f		تخلقي (tiḵlugi)	تخلق (tiḵlug)
imperative	m		اخلق (aḵlug)				اخلقوا (aḵlugu)
	f		اخلقي (aḵlugi)

Conjugation of خلق (ḵalag)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	خلقت (ḵalagt)	خلقت (ḵalagt)	خلق (ḵalag)		خلقنا (ḵalagna)	خلقتوا (ḵalagtu)	خلقوا (ḵalagu)
	f		خلقتي (ḵalagti)	خلقت (ḵalagat)
non-past	m	أخلق (ʔaḵlig)	تخلق (tiḵlig)	يخلق (yiḵlig)		نخلق (niḵlig)	تخلقوا (tiḵligu)	يخلقوا (yiḵligu)
	f		تخلقي (tiḵligi)	تخلق (tiḵlig)
imperative	m		اخلق (aḵlig)				اخلقوا (aḵligu)
	f		اخلقي (aḵligi)

Etymology 2

From Arabic خُلُق (ḵuluq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xilɡ/, /xulɡ/

Noun

خِلق or خُلق • (ḵilg or ḵulg) m (plural أخلاق (ʔaḵlag))

1. manner
2. morals, morality
3. endurance

Etymology 3

From Arabic خَلْق (ḵalq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xalɡ/

Noun

خَلْق • (ḵalg) m

1. (collective) creation (“all which exists”), creatures
2. (collective) people

Persian

Persian Wikipedia has an article on:

خلق

Wikipedia ^fa

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic خَلْق (ḵalq).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [xalq]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xälq]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xälq]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xälq]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xälq]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xælɢ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χälq]

Readings
Classical reading?	xalq
Dari reading?	xalq
Iranian reading?	xalğ
Tajik reading?	xalq

Noun

Dari	خلق
Iranian Persian
Tajik	халқ

خلق • (xalq) (plural خلق‌ها (xalq-hâ))

1. creation

   Synonym: آفرینش (âfarineš)

2. pleb, plebeian
3. (socialism or dated) people, folk

   Synonym: مردم (mardom)

   جمهوری خلق چین ― jomhuri-ye xalq-e čin ― the People's Republic of China

   حزب دموکراتیک خلق افغانستان ― hizb-i dimōkrātīk-i xalq-i afğānistān ― People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan

Derived terms

• خلق شدن (xalq šodan)
• خلق کردن (xalq kardan)

 

Descendants

Descendants

• → Chagatai: خلق
  • Uyghur: خەلق (xelq)
  • Uzbek: xalq
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: ख़लक़ (xalq)

  Urdu: خلق (xalq)

• → Kazakh: халық (xalyq)
• → Kyrgyz: калк (kalk)
• → Pashto: خلک (xalk)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਖਲਕ (khalak)

  Shahmukhi script: خلق (xalq)

• → Sindhi:

  Arabic script: خَلْقُ (xalqu)

  Devanagari script: ख़ल्क़ु (xalqu)

• → Turkmen: halk

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic خُلْق (ḵulq).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [xul.(u)q]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xʊl.(ʊ)q]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xʊl.(ʊ)q]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xʊl.(ʊ)q]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xul.(u)q]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xol.(o)ɢ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χul.(u)q]

Readings
Classical reading?	xul(u)q
Dari reading?	xul(u)q
Iranian reading?	xol(o)ğ
Tajik reading?	xul(u)q

Noun

خلق • (xolq) (plural اخلاق (axlâq))

1. temperament, disposition, character, personality

   خلق آرام ― xolq-e ârâm ― calm personality

2. custom, habit, manner, behaviour
3. humour, mood

   خلق تنگ ― xolq-e tang ― unpleasant mood

Usage notes

• Note that the plural اخلاق (axlâq) is usually used with the meaning of “morality; ethics” rather than as the plural of خلق (xolq).

Derived terms

• بدخلق (bad-xolq)
• خلق و خو (xolq-o-xu)
• خلقی (xolqi)
• خوش‌خلق (xoš-xolq)
• کج‌خلق (kaj-xolq)
• کج‌خلقی (kaj-xolqi)

 

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Arabic خَلَق (ḵalaq).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [xa.ˈlaq]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xä.lǽq]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xä.lǽq]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xä.lǽq]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xä.lǽq]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xæ.lǽɢ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χä.lǽq]

Readings
Classical reading?	xalaq
Dari reading?	xalaq
Iranian reading?	xalağ
Tajik reading?	xalaq

Noun

خلق • (xalaq) (plural خلق‌ها (xalaq-hâ) or خلقان (xolqân))

1. rags

Adjective

خلق • (xalaq)

1. ragged; shabby

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَلْق (ḵalq).

Noun

خَلْقَ • (xalqu) m (Devanagari ख़ल्क़ु)

1. people

Further reading

• Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “خَلْقَ”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
• “خلق”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, University of Chicago: Center for Language Engineering, Pakistan, 1866–1938

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خلق (xalq), from Arabic خَلْق (ḵalq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xəlq/

Noun

خلق • (xalq) m (Hindi spelling ख़लक़)

1. mankind, humanity
2. (religion) creation, world

Declension

Declension of خلق
	singular	plural
direct	خلق (xalq)	خلق (xalq)
oblique	خلق (xalq)	خلقوں (xalqõ)
vocative	خلق (xalq)	خلقو (xalqo)

Ushojo

Etymology

From Persian خلق (xalq).

Noun

خلق (xalq)

1. people