تمرد

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
م ر د (m r d)
6 terms

From Proto-Semitic *marad- (“to fortify, to set up resistance; to escape, to find a means to get away; to leave one's people, to branch off or split from a group”). Cognate with Hebrew מרדנות (mardanút), Aramaic מִרְדָּא (mirdā), Classical Syriac ܡܪܕܐ (merdā), Classical Mandaic ࡌࡉࡓࡃࡀ (MYRDʾ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ta.mar.ra.da/

Verb

تَمَرَّدَ • (tamarrada) V (non-past يَتَمَرَّدُ (yatamarradu), verbal noun تَمَرُّد (tamarrud))

1. to rebel, to revolt [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘against someone/something’]
   • 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi

     إِذَا أَنْتَ أَكْرَمْتَ الْكَرِيمَ مَلَكْتَهُ / وَإِنْ أَنْتَ أَكْرَمْتَ اللَّئِيمَ تَمَرَّدَا

     ʔiḏā ʔanta ʔakramta l-karīma malaktahu / waʔin ʔanta ʔakramta l-laʔīma tamarradā

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 2004, عَلِيّ شَرِيعَتِي (ʕaliyy šarīʕatī), translated by هادي السيد ياسين, النباهة والاستحمار, دار الأمير:

     إِنَّ أَكْبَرَ قِيَمِ الإِنْسَانِ هِيَ تِلْكَ الَّتِي يَبْدَأُ مِنْهَا (بِالرَّفْضِ) وَ(عَدَمِ التَّسْلِيمِ) اللَّذَيْنِ يَتَلَخَّصَانِ بِكَلِمَةِ (لَا) وَمِنْهَا بَدَأَ آدَمٌ أَبُو البَشَرِ.. أُمِرَ أَنْ لَا يَأْكُلَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الثَّمَرَةِ، لٰكِنَّهُ اَكَلَ، فَصَارَ بَعْدَئِذٍ بَشَرًا وَهَبَطَ إِلَىٰ الأَرْضِ، وِإِلَّا لَكَانَ مَلَكًا لَا مِيزَةَ لَهُ، وَلَصَارَ غَيْرُهُ آدَمَ وَلَفُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ أَمَامَهُ، لَكِنَّهُ تَمَرَّدَ فَصَارَ آدَم.

     ʔinna ʔakbara qiyami l-ʔinsāni hiya tilka llatī yabdaʔu minhā (bi-r-rafḍi) wa(ʕadami t-taslīmi) al-laḏayni yatalaḵḵaṣāni bikalimati (lā) waminhā badaʔa ʔādamun ʔabū l-bašari.. ʔumira ʔan lā yaʔkula min tilka ṯ-ṯamarati, lākinnahu akala, faṣāra baʕdaʔiḏin bašaran wahabaṭa ʔilā l-ʔarḍi, wiʔillā lakāna malakan lā mīzata lahu, walaṣāra ḡayruhu ʔādama walafuriḍa ʕalayhi ʔan yasjuda ʔamāmahu, lakinnahu tamarrada faṣāra ʔādam.

     For sure the biggest human value is that from which s/he begings by "refusing" and "not consenting" that are summarised in the word "no" and from it began Adam the father of humanity.. He had been ordered not to eat from that fruit, but he ate, and henceforth he became a human and landed on Earth, if he had not he would have been an angel with no distinguishing feature, and someone else would have become Adam and he would have been obliged to prostrate before him, but he rebelled and so he became Adam.

2. to be arrogant, to be insolent
3. to be uncooperative, to be disobedient

Conjugation

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَمَرُّد tamarrud
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُتَمَرِّد mutamarrid
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُتَمَرَّد mutamarrad
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تَمَرَّدْتُ tamarradtu	تَمَرَّدْتَ tamarradta	تَمَرَّدَ tamarrada		تَمَرَّدْتُمَا tamarradtumā	تَمَرَّدَا tamarradā		تَمَرَّدْنَا tamarradnā	تَمَرَّدْتُمْ tamarradtum	تَمَرَّدُوا tamarradū
	f		تَمَرَّدْتِ tamarradti	تَمَرَّدَتْ tamarradat			تَمَرَّدَتَا tamarradatā			تَمَرَّدْتُنَّ tamarradtunna	تَمَرَّدْنَ tamarradna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَتَمَرَّدُ ʔatamarradu	تَتَمَرَّدُ tatamarradu	يَتَمَرَّدُ yatamarradu		تَتَمَرَّدَانِ tatamarradāni	يَتَمَرَّدَانِ yatamarradāni		نَتَمَرَّدُ natamarradu	تَتَمَرَّدُونَ tatamarradūna	يَتَمَرَّدُونَ yatamarradūna
	f		تَتَمَرَّدِينَ tatamarradīna	تَتَمَرَّدُ tatamarradu			تَتَمَرَّدَانِ tatamarradāni			تَتَمَرَّدْنَ tatamarradna	يَتَمَرَّدْنَ yatamarradna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَتَمَرَّدَ ʔatamarrada	تَتَمَرَّدَ tatamarrada	يَتَمَرَّدَ yatamarrada		تَتَمَرَّدَا tatamarradā	يَتَمَرَّدَا yatamarradā		نَتَمَرَّدَ natamarrada	تَتَمَرَّدُوا tatamarradū	يَتَمَرَّدُوا yatamarradū
	f		تَتَمَرَّدِي tatamarradī	تَتَمَرَّدَ tatamarrada			تَتَمَرَّدَا tatamarradā			تَتَمَرَّدْنَ tatamarradna	يَتَمَرَّدْنَ yatamarradna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَتَمَرَّدْ ʔatamarrad	تَتَمَرَّدْ tatamarrad	يَتَمَرَّدْ yatamarrad		تَتَمَرَّدَا tatamarradā	يَتَمَرَّدَا yatamarradā		نَتَمَرَّدْ natamarrad	تَتَمَرَّدُوا tatamarradū	يَتَمَرَّدُوا yatamarradū
	f		تَتَمَرَّدِي tatamarradī	تَتَمَرَّدْ tatamarrad			تَتَمَرَّدَا tatamarradā			تَتَمَرَّدْنَ tatamarradna	يَتَمَرَّدْنَ yatamarradna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		تَمَرَّدْ tamarrad			تَمَرَّدَا tamarradā				تَمَرَّدُوا tamarradū
	f		تَمَرَّدِي tamarradī							تَمَرَّدْنَ tamarradna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	تُمُرِّدَ tumurrida		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُتَمَرَّدُ yutamarradu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُتَمَرَّدَ yutamarrada		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُتَمَرَّدْ yutamarrad		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

    Conjugation of تَمَرَّدَ (V, sound, impersonal passive, verbal noun تَمَرُّد)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ta.mar.rud/

Noun

تَمَرُّد • (tamarrud) m

1. verbal noun of تَمَرَّدَ (tamarrada) (form V)

Declension

Declension of noun تَمَرُّد (tamarrud)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	تَمَرُّد tamarrud	التَّمَرُّد at-tamarrud	تَمَرُّد tamarrud
nominative	تَمَرُّدٌ tamarrudun	التَّمَرُّدُ at-tamarrudu	تَمَرُّدُ tamarrudu
accusative	تَمَرُّدًا tamarrudan	التَّمَرُّدَ at-tamarruda	تَمَرُّدَ tamarruda
genitive	تَمَرُّدٍ tamarrudin	التَّمَرُّدِ at-tamarrudi	تَمَرُّدِ tamarrudi

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic تَمَرُّد (tamarrud)

Noun

تمرد • (temerrüt)

1. hardheadedness, stubbornness, obstinacy

   Synonyms: اصرار (ısrar), عناد (inat)

Descendants

• Turkish: temerrüt
• → Bulgarian: темеру́т (temerút)
• → Macedonian: темерут (temerut)
• → Serbo-Croatian: темѐрут / temèrut, темѐрутин / temèrutin

References

• Zenker, Julius Theodor (1866) “تمرد”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 1 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 309a

South Levantine Arabic

Root
م ر د
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic تَمَرَّدَ (tamarrada).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tmar.rad/, [ɪtˈmar.rad]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

تمرّد • (tmarrad) V (present بتمرّد (bitmarrad))

1. to rebel, to revolt

Conjugation

Conjugation of تمرد

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	تمرّدت (tmarradt)	تمرّدت (tmarradt)	تمرّد (tmarrad)		تمرّدنا (tmarradna)	تمرّدتو (tmarradtu)	تمرّدو (tmarradu)
	f		تمرّدتي (tmarradti)	تمرّدت (tmarradat)
present	m	بتمرّد (batmarrad)	بتتمرّد (btitmarrad)	بتمرّد (bitmarrad)		منتمرّد (mnitmarrad)	بتتمرّدو (btitmarradu)	بتمرّدو (bitmarradu)
	f		بتتمرّدي (btitmarradi)	بتتمرّد (btitmarrad)
subjunctive	m	اتمرّد (atmarrad)	تتمرّد (titmarrad)	يتمرّد (yitmarrad)		نتمرّد (nitmarrad)	تتمرّدو (titmarradu)	يتمرّدو (yitmarradu)
	f		تتمرّدي (titmarradi)	تتمرّد (titmarrad)
imperative	m		تمرّد (tmarrad)				تمرّدو (tmarradu)
	f		تمرّدي (tmarradi)

Etymology 2

From Arabic تمرد.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ta.mar.rod/

Noun

تمرد • (tamarrod) m

1. insurgency