ղ

See also: դ, Ղ, η, Ⴂ, ή, and ɳ

ղ U+0572, ղ ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER GHAD ← ձ [U+0571] Armenian ճ → [U+0573]

Armenian

Pronunciation

• (Eastern Armenian) IPA^(key): /ʁə/, [ʁə]
• (Western Armenian) IPA^(key): /ʁə/, [ʁə]

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

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2=Ղ

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ղ

ղ lowercase (uppercase Ղ)

1. The 18th letter of Armenian alphabet, called ղատ (ġat).
   Represents:

   velarized alveolar lateral approximant: [ɫ] in Old Armenian. Transliterated as ł.

   voiced uvular fricative: [ʁ] in Eastern Armenian. Transliterated as ġ.

   voiced uvular fricative: [ʁ] in Western Armenian. Transliterated as ġ.

Usage notes

The pronunciation of this letter has changed considerably since classical Old Armenian. The oldest pronunciation was an l-like sound (hear it). Hence the spellings like Պաղեստին (Pałestin), Ղուկաս (Łukas), մետաղ (metał). It turned into [ʁ] (hear it) around the 10-11th centuries.

See also

• (The Armenian script): Աա   Բբ   Գգ   Դդ   Եե   Զզ   Էէ   Ըը   Թթ   Ժժ   Իի   Լլ   Խխ   Ծծ   Կկ   Հհ   Ձձ   Ղղ   Ճճ   Մմ   Յյ   Նն   Շշ   Ոո   Չչ   Պպ   Ջջ   Ռռ   Սս   Վվ   Տտ   Րր   Ցց   Ււ   Փփ   Քք   Օօ   Ֆֆ
• (Letter combinations): ու   և   ﬔ   ﬕ   ﬓ   ﬗ   ﬖ
• (Dialectological): ՠ / ա̈   ա̊   ա̄   ը̂   է̀   էօ / օ̈   էօ̀ / օ̈̀   իւ / ո̈ւ   գ^յ   կ^յ   ք^յ   հ^յ   բՙ   դՙ   գՙ   ձՙ   ջՙ   ղՙ   ֈ   ʔ  
• (Punctuation):  ՙ    ՚   ՛   ՜   ՝   ՞   ՟   ․   ։   ֊
• (Symbols): ֏ ֎ ֍

References

• Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009) Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian (London Oriental and African Language Library; 14), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, § 1.1.2.2, page 18

Ottoman Turkish

Letter

ղ • (ğ)

1. A letter of the Armeno-Turkish script, named ղատ (ğad). Represents voiced velar plosive: [ɡ]. Transliterated as ġ.

Usage notes

This letter represents both /ɡ/ and /ɰ/, with the latter realization appearing after a vowel. For example, the word garip is written ղարիպ (ğarib), paralleling Perso-Arabic غریب (ġarib). Only used before a back vowel; i.e., before one of ա (a), ը (ı), օ (o), ու (u).

See also

• (The Armeno-Turkish script): Աա   Գգ   Եե   Զզ   Էէ   Ըը   Թթ   Ժժ   Իի   Լլ   Խխ   Կկ   Հհ   Ղղ   Ճճ   Մմ   Յյ   Նն   Շշ   Չչ   Պպ   Սս   Վվ   Տտ   Րր   Փփ   Քք   Օօ   Ֆֆ   ’
• (Primarily in Armenian words): Բբ   Դդ   Ծծ   Ձձ   Ջջ   Ոո   Ռռ   Ցց   Ււ
• (Letter combinations): էօ   իւ   ու   նկ   նղ  
• (Punctuation): ՛   ՜   ՝   ՞   ․   ։   ֊