κόνδυλος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

The formation is similar to δάκτυλος (dáktulos) and σφόνδυλος (sphóndulos); the bare stem is seen in κόνδοι (kóndoi, “vertebrae”). Most connections outside Greek, like Sanskrit कन्द (kanda, “bulb”) and Sanskrit कन्दुक (kanduka, “playball, cushion”) can be rejected straightaway. The word is probably of Pre-Greek origin, in view of the structure.^[1]

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kón.dy.los/ → /ˈkon.dy.los/ → /ˈkon.di.los/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kón.dy.los/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkon.dy.los/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈkon.dy.los/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈkon.dy.los/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈkon.di.los/

Noun

κόνδῠλος • (kóndŭlos) m (genitive κονδῠ́λου); second declension

1. (anatomy) knuckle (of any joint)
2. knot in a string
3. any hard, bony knob
4. (pathology) swelling of the gum

Inflection

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ κόνδῠλος ho kóndŭlos	τὼ κονδῠ́λω tṑ kondŭ́lō	οἱ κόνδῠλοι hoi kóndŭloi
Genitive	τοῦ κονδῠ́λου toû kondŭ́lou	τοῖν κονδῠ́λοιν toîn kondŭ́loin	τῶν κονδῠ́λων tôn kondŭ́lōn
Dative	τῷ κονδῠ́λῳ tôi kondŭ́lōi	τοῖν κονδῠ́λοιν toîn kondŭ́loin	τοῖς κονδῠ́λοις toîs kondŭ́lois
Accusative	τὸν κόνδῠλον tòn kóndŭlon	τὼ κονδῠ́λω tṑ kondŭ́lō	τοὺς κονδῠ́λους toùs kondŭ́lous
Vocative	κόνδῠλε kóndŭle	κονδῠ́λω kondŭ́lō	κόνδῠλοι kóndŭloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of ὁ κόνδῠλος; τοῦ κονδῠ́λου (Attic)

Derived terms

• δῐκόνδῠλος (dĭkóndŭlos)
• κονδῠλῐ́ζω (kondŭlĭ́zō)
• κονδῠ́λῐον (kondŭ́lĭon)
• κονδῠλῐσμός (kondŭlĭsmós)
• κονδῠλῐστής (kondŭlĭstḗs)
• κονδῠλοειδής (kondŭloeidḗs)
• κονδῠλόομαι (kondŭlóomai)
• κονδῠλώδης (kondŭlṓdēs)
• κονδῠ́λωμᾰ (kondŭ́lōmă)
• κονδῠ́λωσῐς (kondŭ́lōsĭs)
• κονδῠλωτός (kondŭlōtós)
• μονοκόνδῠλος (monokóndŭlos)

Descendants

• Greek: κόνδυλος (kóndylos)

References

1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κόνδυλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 745

Further reading

• “κόνδυλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κόνδυλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• κόνδυλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• “κόνδυλος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

Greek

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkon.ði.los/

Noun

κόνδυλος • (kóndylos) m (plural κόνδυλοι)

1. (botany) tuber
2. (anatomy) condyle

Declension

Declension of κόνδυλος

	singular	plural
nominative	κόνδυλος (kóndylos)	κόνδυλοι (kóndyloi)
genitive	κονδύλου (kondýlou)	κονδύλων (kondýlon)
accusative	κόνδυλο (kóndylo)	κονδύλους (kondýlous)
vocative	κόνδυλε (kóndyle)	κόνδυλοι (kóndyloi)

Related terms

• ηλίανθος ο κονδυλώδης m (ilíanthos o kondylódis, “Jerusalem artichoke”)