καινός

See also: κοινός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *kəňňós, from Proto-Indo-European *kn̥-yós, from *ken- (“new, fresh”). Cognates include Sanskrit कनीन (kanīna, “young”), Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā, “girl, maiden”), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬈 (kaⁱne, “a maiden”) and, more distantly, Latin recens (“new, recent”).^[1]

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kai̯.nós/ → /cɛˈnos/ → /ceˈnos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kai̯.nós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kɛˈnos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /cɛˈnos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ceˈnos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ceˈnos/

Adjective

καινός • (kainós) m (feminine καινή, neuter καινόν); first/second declension

1. new, novel, recent
   • Flavius Josephus, Roman Antiquities 7.265:

     μὴ κινήσητε πάλιν ἡμῖν καινὰς ἐπὶ ταῖς πρώταις ταραχὰς καὶ στάσεις

     mḕ kinḗsēte pálin hēmîn kainàs epì taîs prṓtais tarakhàs kaì stáseis

     Do not raise new troubles or rebellions now that the last ones are behind us

   • Flavius Josephus, Roman Antiquities 14.104:

     περὶ δὲ τῆς Πομπηίου καὶ Γαβινίου στρατείας ἐπὶ Ἰουδαίους γράφει Νικόλαος ὁ Δαμασκηνὸς καὶ Στράβων ὁ Καππάδοξ οὐδὲν ἕτερος ἑτέρου καινότερον λέγων

     perì dè tês Pompēíou kaì Gabiníou strateías epì Ioudaíous gráphei Nikólaos ho Damaskēnòs kaì Strábōn ho Kappádox oudèn héteros hetérou kainóteron légōn

     Whilst Nicolaus of Damascus and Strabo of Cappadocia both describe Pompey's and Gabinius' expeditions against the Jews, none tells anything new that is not in the other (description)

2. fresh, unused
3. strange, unusual

Inflection

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		καινός kainós	καινή kainḗ	καινόν kainón		καινώ kainṓ	καινᾱ́ kainā́	καινώ kainṓ		καινοί kainoí	καιναί kainaí	καινᾰ́ kainá
Genitive		καινοῦ kainoû	καινῆς kainês	καινοῦ kainoû		καινοῖν kainoîn	καιναῖν kainaîn	καινοῖν kainoîn		καινῶν kainôn	καινῶν kainôn	καινῶν kainôn
Dative		καινῷ kainôi	καινῇ kainêi	καινῷ kainôi		καινοῖν kainoîn	καιναῖν kainaîn	καινοῖν kainoîn		καινοῖς kainoîs	καιναῖς kainaîs	καινοῖς kainoîs
Accusative		καινόν kainón	καινήν kainḗn	καινόν kainón		καινώ kainṓ	καινᾱ́ kainā́	καινώ kainṓ		καινούς kainoús	καινᾱ́ς kainā́s	καινᾰ́ kainá
Vocative		καινέ kainé	καινή kainḗ	καινόν kainón		καινώ kainṓ	καινᾱ́ kainā́	καινώ kainṓ		καινοί kainoí	καιναί kainaí	καινᾰ́ kainá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		καινῶς kainôs				καινότερος kainóteros				καινότᾰτος kainótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of καινός; καινή; καινόν (Attic)

Synonyms

• (new): νέος (néos)

Derived terms

• ἐγκαίνια (enkaínia, “dedication”)
• ἐκ καινῆς (ek kainês, “anew, afresh”)
• καινότης (kainótēs, “newness”)
• καινόω (kainóō, “to make new”)
• τὸ καινὸν τοῦ πολέμου (tò kainòn toû polémou, “the unforeseen turn which war often takes”)

 

References

1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “καινός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 616

Further reading

• “καινός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “καινός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• καινός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• G2537 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • curious idem, page 190.
  • exceptional idem, page 288.
  • extraordinary idem, page 297.
  • fresh idem, page 344.
  • marvellous idem, page 516.
  • modern idem, page 538.
  • new idem, page 556.
  • new-fangled idem, page 557.
  • novel idem, page 562.
  • original idem, page 579.
  • peculiar idem, page 601.
  • recent idem, page 678.
  • strange idem, page 823.
  • surprising idem, page 844.
  • unaccustomed idem, page 906.
  • uncommon idem, page 910.
  • unexampled idem, page 917.
  • unfamiliar idem, page 917.
  • unheard idem, page 921.
  • unique idem, page 922.
  • unknown idem, page 923.
  • unparalleled idem, page 927.
  • unprecedented idem, page 927.
  • unusual idem, page 935.
  • unwonted idem, page 937.
  • weird idem, page 973.
  • wonderful idem, page 987.