̣

◌̣ U+0323, ̣ COMBINING DOT BELOW ← ◌̢ [U+0322] Combining Diacritical Marks ◌̤ → [U+0324]

Translingual

Diacritical mark

◌̣

1. (NAPA) retracted articulation:

   (on an alveolar letter) retroflex, e.g. ⟨ṭ ḍ ṣ ẓ ṇ ḷ⟩,

   (on a velar letter) uvular, e.g. ⟨ḳ x̣ ṛ⟩.

2. (UPA) retracted:

   (on an alveolar letter) retroflex (e.g. ṭ ḍ ṣ ẓ ṇ ḷ);

   (on a front vowel letter) a back unrounded vowel (e.g. ị ẹ ɛ̣).

3. (Voice Quality Symbols) "whispery" voice ("murmured phonation" in IPA parlance).

   Sometimes used for actual whisper (voiceless phonation).

4. (Teuthonista) close/high articulation, equivalent to IPA ⟨◌̝⟩.

   On the letter ⟨a⟩, it means the vowel is fronted.

   Doubling for intensity is side-by-side: ⟨◌̤⟩.

5. (IPA) A close articulation (e.g. a higher vowel, fricative approximant – currently ⟨◌̝⟩).
6. (IPA, obsolete) Retroflex articulation.

Synonyms

• (NAPA): ◌̇ may be used on letters with a descender.

Antonyms

• (NAPA): ◌̯

Asturian

Diacritical mark

◌̇

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called puntu inferior (“dot below”) in Asturian, and found on Ḥ/ḥ and Ḷ/ḷ.

Vietnamese

Diacritical mark

 ̣

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called dấu nặng (“heavy mark”) in Vietnamese, and found on Ạ/ạ, Ặ/ặ, Ậ/ậ, Ẹ/ẹ, Ệ/ệ, Ị/ị, Ọ/ọ, Ộ/ộ, Ợ/ợ, Ụ/ụ, Ự/ự and Ỵ/ỵ. Used to indicate mid-falling, glottalized, short tone.

Usage notes

In Vietnamese signmaking, this tone mark may be written as a vertical line, much like  ̩.