ˤ

See also: ˀ, ʕ, and Appendix:Variations of "?"

ˤ U+02E4, ˤ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP ← ˣ [U+02E3] Spacing Modifier Letters ˥ → [U+02E5]

ˁ U+02C1, ˁ MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP ← ˀ [U+02C0] Spacing Modifier Letters ˂ → [U+02C2]

U+02C1 ⟨ˁ⟩ may be used to digitize a gelded reversed question mark, contrasting with U+02E4 ⟨ˤ⟩ for pharyngealization.

Translingual

Symbol

ˤ

1. (IPA) pharyngealization (that is, [ʕ]-coloring, of a pharyngealized consonant or vowel).
2. (IPA, less commonly) [ʕ]-fricated release of a plosive (e.g. [ʡˤ], sometimes implying an affricate [ʡ͜ʕ]); or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [ʕ].
3. (Egyptological transliteration) ꜥ (ayin).
4. (NAPA, dated) marks an implosive consonant (Cˁ).

   Iconically this is a reversed ejective consonant Cˀ.

Usage notes

The difference between the Unicode characters U+02C1 ⟨ˁ⟩ and U+02E4 ⟨ˤ⟩ is not well defined.

• U+02C1 (modifier reversed glottal stop) is given as a typographic alternate of the Egyptological ayin, U+02BF ⟨ꜥ⟩, which would be transcribed in IPA with the letter U+0295 ⟨ʕ⟩.
• U+02E4 (modifier small reversed glottal stop) is defined as a superscript IPA letter U+0295 ⟨ʕ⟩,^[1] and the IPA identifies it as the character for pharyngealization.^[2]
  The 'small' in the name (normally meaning 'lower-case' in Unicode) is misleading, as the letter ⟨ʕ⟩ is unicase.

U+02C1 may be set as a dotless reversed question mark ⸮, contrasting with 02E4 set as a superscript ⟨ʕ⟩. However, depending on the typeface, there may be no graphic difference between 02C1 and 02E4.

References