áru

See also: Appendix:Variations of "aru"

Hungarian

Etymology

ár (“price, the value of product”) +‎ -u (noun-forming suffix)^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈaːru]
• Hyphenation: áru
• Rhymes: -ru

Noun

áru (plural áruk)

1. goods, merchandise, product

   Synonyms: árucikk, termék, javak

2. (as an affix) -ware (items made from a particular substance)

   üvegáru ― glassware

3. (as an affix) -ery (a class, group, or collection of things)

   kötöttáru ― hosiery

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	áru	áruk
accusative	árut	árukat
dative	árunak	áruknak
instrumental	áruval	árukkal
causal-final	áruért	árukért
translative	áruvá	árukká
terminative	áruig	árukig
essive-formal	áruként	árukként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	áruban	árukban
superessive	árun	árukon
adessive	árunál	áruknál
illative	áruba	árukba
sublative	árura	árukra
allative	áruhoz	árukhoz
elative	áruból	árukból
delative	áruról	árukról
ablative	árutól	áruktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	árué	áruké
non-attributive possessive - plural	áruéi	árukéi

Possessive forms of áru
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	árum	áruim
2nd person sing.	árud	áruid
3rd person sing.	áruja	árui
1st person plural	árunk	áruink
2nd person plural	árutok	áruitok
3rd person plural	árujuk	áruik

Derived terms

• árul
• árulkodik
• árus
• árusít

 

Compound words

• árucikk
• árufeltöltő
• áruház
• áruhiány
• faáru
• rövidáru

 

References

1. áru in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

• áru in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• áru in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)

Icelandic

Noun

áru

1. indefinite accusative singular of ára
2. indefinite dative singular of ára
3. indefinite genitive singular of ára

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ārū. Cognate with Welsh aren and perhaps more distantly with Hittite [script needed] (ḫaḫri-), Latin rēn, and Tocharian A āriñc (“heart”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaːru/

Noun

áru f or n (genitive árann, nominative plural árainn)

1. kidney

Declension

Feminine n-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	áruL	árainnL	árainn
Vocative	áruL	árainnL	áirneH
Accusative	árainnN	árainnL	áirneH
Genitive	árann	árannL	árannN
Dative	árainnL	árnib	árnib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
áru (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-áru
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*āron-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 42

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “áru”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language