Vector field describing the density of electric dipole moments in a dielectric material
In classical electromagnetism, polarization density is the vector field that expresses the volumetric density of permanent or induced electric dipole moments in a dielectric material. When a dielectric is placed in an external electric field, its molecules gain electric dipole moment and the dielectric is said to be polarized.
electromagnetism, polarizationdensity (or electric polarization, or simply polarization) is the vector field that expresses the volumetric density of permanent
flux density or electric induction, is a vector field that appears in Maxwell's equations. It accounts for the electromagnetic effects of polarization and
causing an increase in the state of polarization, expressed as the polarizationdensity P. A changing state of polarization is equivalent to a current. Both
Photon polarization is the quantum mechanical description of the classical polarized sinusoidal plane electromagnetic wave. An individual photon can be
a tensor) relating an electric field E to the induced dielectric polarizationdensity P such that P = ε 0 χ e E , {\displaystyle \mathbf {P} =\varepsilon
