Cave of El Castillo
Cave and archaeological site with prehistoric paintings in Spain From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Cueva del Castillo, or Cave of the Castle, is an archaeological site within the complex of the Caves of Monte Castillo, in Puente Viesgo, Cantabria, Spain.
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Cueva del Castillo | |
Main room | |
 location in Spain  Cave of El Castillo (Spain) | |
| Alternative name | Cave of the Castle |
|---|---|
| Location | Puente Viesgo (Cantabria), Spain |
| Coordinates | 43°17′32″N 3°57′55″W |
| Type | Cave |
| Part of | Caves of Monte Castillo |
| Official name | Monte Castillo - El Castillo |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | i, iii |
| Designated | 1985 (9th session) |
| Part of | Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain |
| Reference no. | 310-009 |
| Region | Europe and North America |
| Official name | Cueva del Castillo |
| Type | Non-movable |
| Criteria | Monument |
| Designated | 25 April 1924 |
| Reference no. | RI-51-0000267 |
The archaeological stratigraphy has been divided into around 19 layers, depending on the source they slightly deviate from each other, however the overall sequence is consistent, beginning in the Proto-Aurignacian, and ending in the Bronze Age.[citation needed]
The El Castillo cave contains the oldest known cave painting: a large red stippled disk in the Panel de las Manos was dated to more than 40,000 years old using uranium-thorium dating in a 2012 study.[1] This is consistent with the tradition of cave painting originating in the Proto-Aurignacian, with the first arrival of anatomically modern humans in Europe.[2] A 2013 study of finger length ratios in Upper Paleolithic hand stencils found in France and Spain determined that the majority were of female hands, overturning the previous widely held belief that this art form was primarily a male activity.[3]
Cueva del Castillo was discovered in 1903 by Hermilio Alcalde del Río, a Spanish archaeologist, who was one of the pioneers in the study of the earliest cave paintings of Cantabria. The entrance to the cave was smaller in the past and has been enlarged as a result of archaeological excavations. Alcalde del Río found an extensive sequence of images executed in charcoal and red ochre on the walls and ceilings of multiple caverns.[citation needed] The paintings and numerous markings and graffiti span from the Lower Paleolithic to the Bronze Age, and even into the Middle Ages.[citation needed] There are over 150 depictions already catalogued, including those that emphasize the engravings of a few deer, complete with shadowing.[citation needed]
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