Yellow-necked spurfowl

The yellow-necked spurfowl or yellow-necked francolin (Pternistis leucoscepus) is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It is found in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. This species is named for the yellow patch found on its neck. Males of this species have been noted to have spurs on the back of their legs.

Yellow-necked spurfowl
In Samburu National Reserve, Kenya
Calls recorded in Kiboko, Kenya
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Galliformes
Family:	Phasianidae
Genus:	Pternistis
Species:	P. leucoscepus
Binomial name
Pternistis leucoscepus (Gray, GR, 1867)
geographic distribution
Synonyms
Francolinus leucoscepus

Taxonomy

The yellow-necked spurfowl was described in 1867 by the English ornithologist George Robert Gray and given the binomial name Francolinus leucoscepus.^[2] The type locality is Ethiopia.^[3] The specific epithet leucoscepus combines the Ancient Greek leukos meaning "white" and skepas meaning "covering" or "mantle".^[4] The species is now placed in the genus Pternistis that was introduced by the German naturalist Johann Georg Wagler in 1832.^[5][6]

Two subspecies are recognised:^[6]

• P. l. leucoscepus (Gray, GR, 1867) — Eritrea and adjacent north Ethiopia
• P. l. infuscatus Cabanis, 1868 — north Somalia and Djibouti south through Ethiopia, east South Sudan, south Somalia, northeast Uganda, Kenya and north central Tanzania

Behavior

It has been noted that this bird is most active at dawn and dusk.^[7] The bird is also noted to be very adaptable, it can continue to live in land after agriculture begins, it only leaves lands when heavy human occupation begins.^[8]

Call

The call of a yellow-necked spurfowl is a series of scratchy descending upslurs, up to seven in a series.^[9] Male yellow-necked spurfowl often call while standing on top of mounds of earth or rock, often termite mounds.^[7]

Conservation Status

The yellow-necked spurfowl is not in the threshold for vulnerable species despite the fact that its population (though unquantified) is thought to be in decline (though not at a fast rate). The primary threat to the species is over-hunting.^[8]

Gallery

• 
  In Tsavo East National Park, Kenya, Africa
• 
  From US Fish and Wildlife Service image library
• 
  At Denver Zoo, USA
• 
  Illustration by Joseph Smit, 1893

References

1. BirdLife International (2016). "Pternistis leucoscepus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22678847A92791674. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678847A92791674.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
2. Gray, George Robert (1867). List of the Specimens of Birds in the Collection of the British Museum. Vol. Part V Gallinae. London: Printed by the order of the Trustees. p. 48.
3. Peters, James Lee, ed. (1934). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 86–87.
4. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 225. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
5. Wagler, Johann Georg (1832). "Neue Sippen und Gattungen der Säugthiere und Vögel". Isis von Oken (in German and Latin). cols 1218–1235 [1229].
6. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2020). "Pheasants, partridges, francolins". IOC World Bird List Version 10.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
7. Spurfowl at Kenya Birds
8. BirdLife Factsheet
9. Birds of East Africa:Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi. By:Terry Stevenson and John Fanshawe

External links

• Xeno-canto: audio recordings of the yellow-necked spurfowl