Wi-Fi 7
Wireless networking standard in development From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Wireless networking standard in development From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
IEEE 802.11be, dubbed Extremely High Throughput (EHT), is a wireless networking standard in the IEEE 802.11 set of protocols[9][10] which is designated Wi-Fi 7 by the Wi-Fi Alliance.[11][12][13] It has built upon 802.11ax, focusing on WLAN indoor and outdoor operation with stationary and pedestrian speeds in the 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz frequency bands.[14]
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Generation | IEEE standard |
Adopted | Maximum link rate (Mb/s) |
Radio frequency (GHz) |
---|---|---|---|---|
(Wi-Fi 0*) | 802.11 | 1997 | 1–2 | 2.4 |
(Wi-Fi 1*) | 802.11b | 1999 | 1–11 | 2.4 |
(Wi-Fi 2*) | 802.11a | 1999 | 6–54 | 5 |
(Wi-Fi 3*) | 802.11g | 2003 | 2.4 | |
Wi-Fi 4 | 802.11n | 2009 | 6.5–600 | 2.4, 5 |
Wi-Fi 5 | 802.11ac | 2013 | 6.5–6933 | 5[a] |
Wi-Fi 6 | 802.11ax | 2021 | 0.4–9608[1] | 2.4, 5 |
Wi-Fi 6E | 2.4, 5, 6[b] | |||
Wi-Fi 7 | 802.11be | 2024 | 0.4–23,059 | 2.4, 5, 6[2] |
Wi-Fi 8 | 802.11bn | exp. 2028[3] | 100,000[4] | 2.4, 5, 6[5] |
*Wi‑Fi 0, 1, 2, and 3 are named by retroactive inference. They do not exist in the official nomenclature.[6][7][8] |
Throughput is believed to reach a theoretical maximum of 46 Gbit/s, although actual results are much lower.[15]
Development of the 802.11be amendment is ongoing, with an initial draft in March 2021, and a final version expected by the end of 2024.[12][16][17] Despite this, numerous products were announced in 2022 based on draft standards, with retail availability in early 2023. On 8 January 2024, the Wi-Fi Alliance introduced its Wi-Fi Certified 7 program to certify Wi-Fi 7 devices. While final ratification is not expected until the end of 2024, the technical requirements are essentially complete,[15] and as of February 2024[update] there are already products labeled as Wi‑Fi 7.[18][19][20]
The global Wi-Fi 7 market was estimated at US$1 billion in 2023, and is projected to reach US$24.2 billion by 2030.[21]
The following are core features that have been approved as of Draft 3.0:
The main candidate features mentioned in the 802.11be Project Authorization Request (PAR) are:[23]
Apart from the features mentioned in the PAR, there are newly introduced features:[27]
MCS index[i] | Modulation type | Coding rate | Data rate (Mbit/s)[ii] | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 MHz channels | 40 MHz channels | 80 MHz channels | 160 MHz channels | 320 MHz channels | |||||||||||||
3200 ns GI[iii] | 1600 ns GI | 800 ns GI | 3200 ns GI | 1600 ns GI | 800 ns GI | 3200 ns GI | 1600 ns GI | 800 ns GI | 3200 ns GI | 1600 ns GI | 800 ns GI | 3200 ns GI | 1600 ns GI | 800 ns GI | |||
0 | BPSK | 1/2 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 31 | 34 | 36 | 61 | 68 | 72 | 123 | 136 | 144 |
1 | QPSK | 1/2 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 29 | 33 | 34 | 61 | 68 | 72 | 122 | 136 | 144 | 245 | 272 | 288 |
2 | QPSK | 3/4 | 22 | 24 | 26 | 44 | 49 | 52 | 92 | 102 | 108 | 184 | 204 | 216 | 368 | 408 | 432 |
3 | 16-QAM | 1/2 | 29 | 33 | 34 | 59 | 65 | 69 | 123 | 136 | 144 | 245 | 272 | 282 | 490 | 544 | 577 |
4 | 16-QAM | 3/4 | 44 | 49 | 52 | 88 | 98 | 103 | 184 | 204 | 216 | 368 | 408 | 432 | 735 | 817 | 865 |
5 | 64-QAM | 2/3 | 59 | 65 | 69 | 117 | 130 | 138 | 245 | 272 | 288 | 490 | 544 | 576 | 980 | 1089 | 1153 |
6 | 64-QAM | 3/4 | 66 | 73 | 77 | 132 | 146 | 155 | 276 | 306 | 324 | 551 | 613 | 649 | 1103 | 1225 | 1297 |
7 | 64-QAM | 5/6 | 73 | 81 | 86 | 146 | 163 | 172 | 306 | 340 | 360 | 613 | 681 | 721 | 1225 | 1361 | 1441 |
8 | 256-QAM | 3/4 | 88 | 98 | 103 | 176 | 195 | 207 | 368 | 408 | 432 | 735 | 817 | 865 | 1470 | 1633 | 1729 |
9 | 256-QAM | 5/6 | 98 | 108 | 115 | 195 | 217 | 229 | 408 | 453 | 480 | 817 | 907 | 961 | 1633 | 1815 | 1922 |
10 | 1024-QAM | 3/4 | 110 | 122 | 129 | 219 | 244 | 258 | 459 | 510 | 540 | 919 | 1021 | 1081 | 1838 | 2042 | 2162 |
11 | 1024-QAM | 5/6 | 122 | 135 | 143 | 244 | 271 | 287 | 510 | 567 | 600 | 1021 | 1134 | 1201 | 2042 | 2269 | 2402 |
12 | 4096-QAM | 3/4 | 131 | 146 | 155 | 263 | 293 | 310 | 551 | 613 | 649 | 1103 | 1225 | 1297 | 2205 | 2450 | 2594 |
13 | 4096-QAM | 5/6 | 146 | 163 | 172 | 293 | 325 | 344 | 613 | 681 | 721 | 1225 | 1361 | 1441 | 2450 | 2722 | 2882 |
14 | BPSK-DCM-DUP | 1/2 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 15 | 17 | 18 | 31 | 34 | 36 | ||||||
15 | BPSK-DCM | 1/2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 15 | 17 | 18 | 31 | 34 | 36 | 61 | 68 | 72 |
Frequency range, or type |
PHY | Protocol | Release date[28] |
Frequency | Bandwidth | Stream data rate[29] |
Max. MIMO streams |
Modulation | Approx. range | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indoor | Outdoor | |||||||||||
(GHz) | (MHz) | (Mbit/s) | ||||||||||
1–7 GHz | DSSS[30], |
802.11-1997 | June 1997 | 2.4 | 22 | 1, 2 | — | DSSS, |
20 m (66 ft) | 100 m (330 ft) | ||
HR/DSSS[30] | 802.11b | September 1999 | 2.4 | 22 | 1, 2, 5.5, 11 | — | CCK, DSSS | 35 m (115 ft) | 140 m (460 ft) | |||
OFDM | 802.11a | September 1999 | 5 | 5, 10, 20 | 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 (for 20 MHz bandwidth, divide by 2 and 4 for 10 and 5 MHz) |
— | OFDM | 35 m (115 ft) | 120 m (390 ft) | |||
802.11j | November 2004 | 4.9, 5.0 [B][31] |
? | ? | ||||||||
802.11y | November 2008 | 3.7[C] | ? | 5,000 m (16,000 ft)[C] | ||||||||
802.11p | July 2010 | 5.9 | 200 m | 1,000 m (3,300 ft)[32] | ||||||||
802.11bd | December 2022 | 5.9, 60 | 500 m | 1,000 m (3,300 ft) | ||||||||
ERP-OFDM[33] | 802.11g | June 2003 | 2.4 | 38 m (125 ft) | 140 m (460 ft) | |||||||
HT-OFDM[34] | 802.11n (Wi-Fi 4) |
October 2009 | 2.4, 5 | 20 | Up to 288.8[D] | 4 | MIMO-OFDM (64-QAM) |
70 m (230 ft) | 250 m (820 ft)[35] | |||
40 | Up to 600[D] | |||||||||||
VHT-OFDM[34] | 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5) |
December 2013 | 5 | 20 | Up to 693[D] | 8 | DL MU-MIMO OFDM (256-QAM) |
35 m (115 ft)[36] | ? | |||
40 | Up to 1600[D] | |||||||||||
80 | Up to 3467[D] | |||||||||||
160 | Up to 6933[D] | |||||||||||
HE-OFDMA | 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6, Wi-Fi 6E) |
May 2021 | 2.4, 5, 6 | 20 | Up to 1147[E] | 8 | UL/DL MU-MIMO OFDMA (1024-QAM) |
30 m (98 ft) | 120 m (390 ft)[F] | |||
40 | Up to 2294[E] | |||||||||||
80 | Up to 5.5 Gbit/s[E] | |||||||||||
80+80 | Up to 11.0 Gbit/s[E] | |||||||||||
EHT-OFDMA | 802.11be (Wi-Fi 7) |
Sep 2024 (est.) |
2.4, 5, 6 | 80 | Up to 11.5 Gbit/s[E] | 16 | UL/DL MU-MIMO OFDMA (4096-QAM) |
30 m (98 ft) | 120 m (390 ft)[F] | |||
160 (80+80) |
Up to 23 Gbit/s[E] | |||||||||||
240 (160+80) |
Up to 35 Gbit/s[E] | |||||||||||
320 (160+160) |
Up to 46.1 Gbit/s[E] | |||||||||||
UHR | 802.11bn (Wi-Fi 8) |
May 2028 (est.) |
2.4, 5, 6, 42, 60, 71 |
320 | Up to 100000 (100 Gbit/s) |
16 | Multi-link MU-MIMO OFDM (8192-QAM) |
? | ? | |||
WUR[G] | 802.11ba | October 2021 | 2.4, 5 | 4, 20 | 0.0625, 0.25 (62.5 kbit/s, 250 kbit/s) |
— | OOK (multi-carrier OOK) | ? | ? | |||
mmWave (WiGig) |
DMG[37] | 802.11ad | December 2012 | 60 | 2160 (2.16 GHz) |
Up to 8085[38] (8 Gbit/s) |
— | 3.3 m (11 ft)[39] | ? | |||
802.11aj | April 2018 | 60[H] | 1080[40] | Up to 3754 (3.75 Gbit/s) |
— | single carrier, low-power single carrier[A] | ? | ? | ||||
CMMG | 802.11aj | April 2018 | 45[H] | 540, 1080 |
Up to 15015[41] (15 Gbit/s) |
4[42] | OFDM, single carrier | ? | ? | |||
EDMG[43] | 802.11ay | July 2021 | 60 | Up to 8640 (8.64 GHz) |
Up to 303336[44] (303 Gbit/s) |
8 | OFDM, single carrier | 10 m (33 ft) | 100 m (328 ft) | |||
Sub 1 GHz (IoT) | TVHT[45] | 802.11af | February 2014 | 0.054– 0.79 |
6, 7, 8 | Up to 568.9[46] | 4 | MIMO-OFDM | ? | ? | ||
S1G[45] | 802.11ah | May 2017 | 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 |
1–16 | Up to 8.67[47] (@2 MHz) |
4 | ? | ? | ||||
Light (Li-Fi) |
LC (VLC/OWC) |
802.11bb | December 2023 (est.) |
800–1000 nm | 20 | Up to 9.6 Gbit/s | — | O-OFDM | ? | ? | ||
(IrDA) |
802.11-1997 | June 1997 | 850–900 nm | ? | 1, 2 | — | ? | ? | ||||
802.11 Standard rollups | ||||||||||||
802.11-2007 (802.11ma) | March 2007 | 2.4, 5 | Up to 54 | DSSS, OFDM | ||||||||
802.11-2012 (802.11mb) | March 2012 | 2.4, 5 | Up to 150[D] | DSSS, OFDM | ||||||||
802.11-2016 (802.11mc) | December 2016 | 2.4, 5, 60 | Up to 866.7 or 6757[D] | DSSS, OFDM | ||||||||
802.11-2020 (802.11md) | December 2020 | 2.4, 5, 60 | Up to 866.7 or 6757[D] | DSSS, OFDM | ||||||||
802.11me | September 2024 (est.) |
2.4, 5, 6, 60 | Up to 9608 or 303336 | DSSS, OFDM | ||||||||
|
The 802.11be Task Group is led by individuals affiliated with Qualcomm, Intel, and Broadcom. Those affiliated with Huawei, Maxlinear, NXP, and Apple also have senior positions.[17]
Qualcomm announced its FastConnect 7800 series on 28 Feb 2022 using 14 nm chips.[48][49] As of March 2023, the company claims 175 devices will be using their Wi-Fi 7 chips, including smartphones, routers, and access points.[50]
Broadcom followed on 12 April 2022 with a series of 5 chips covering home, commercial, and enterprise uses.[51] The company unveiled its second generation Wi-Fi 7 chips on 20 June 2023 featuring tri-band MLO support and lower costs.[52]
The TP-Link Archer BE900 wireless router was available to consumers in April 2023.[53] The company's Deco BE95 mesh networking system was also available that month. Asus, Eero, Linksys and Netgear had Wi-fi 7 wireless routers available by the end of 2023.
The ARRIS SURFboard G54 is a DOCSIS 3.1 cable gateway featuring Wi-Fi 7. It became available in October 2023.
Lumen's Quantum Fiber W1700K and W1701K are WiFi 7 certified and provided with their 360 WiFi offering. It is the first device made for a major Telecommunications Provider that's certified for WiFi 7.[54]
Vendor | Model | Release Date | Chipset | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
OnePlus | OnePlus 11 | February 2023 | Snapdragon 8 Gen 2[55] | The OnePlus Open also features Wi-Fi 7 support |
Asus | ROG Phone 7 | April 2023 | Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 | |
Lenovo | Legion Slim 7 Gen8 laptop | MediaTek Filogic 380 Wi-Fi 7 card[56] | ||
Pixel 8 and Pixel 8 Pro[57] | October 2023 | Google Tensor G3[58][59] | ||
Samsung | Galaxy S24 Ultra | January 2024 | Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 | |
Apple | iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 | September 2024 | Apple A18 | |
Sony | PlayStation 5 Pro[60] | November 2024 | ||
Sony | Sony Xperia 1 VI | June 2024 | Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 | |
Nokia | Beacon 24[61] | October 2023 | Qualcom | |
Nokia | Beacon 19[62] | October 2024 | Qualcom |
Intel launched the BE200 and BE202 wireless adapters for desktop and laptop motherboards in September 2023.[63]
The Asus ROG Strix Z790 E II motherboard is among the first with built-in Wi-Fi 7.[64]
Android 13 and higher provide support for Wi-Fi 7.[65]
The Linux 6.2 kernel provides support for Wi-Fi 7 devices.[66] The 6.4 kernel added Wi-Fi 7 mesh support.[67] Linux 6.5 included significant driver support by Intel engineers, particularly support for MLO.[68]
Support for Wi-Fi 7 was added to Windows 11, as of build 26063.1.[69][70]
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