WISEPA J041022.71+150248.5

WISEPA J041022.71+150248.5 (abbreviated WISE 0410+1502) is a sub-brown dwarf^{[~ 1]} of spectral class Y0,^[1][2] located in constellation Taurus. Being approximately 21.6 light-years from Earth,^[5] it is one of the Sun's nearest neighbors, especially assuming outdated parallax by Marsh et al., corresponding to even closer distance of approximately 14 light-years.^[6]

WISEPA J041022.71+150248.5

WISE 0410+1502 Credit: unWISE
Observation data Epoch MJD 55434.04[1]      Equinox J2000[1]
Constellation	Taurus
Right ascension	04h 10m 22.79s[1]
Declination	15° 02′ 47.47″[1]
Characteristics
Spectral type	Y0V[1][2]
Apparent magnitude (J (MKO filter system))	19.25 ± 0.5[1]
Apparent magnitude (H (MKO filter system))	19.05 ± 0.09[1]
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ)	RA: 959.87±0.17 mas/yr[3] Dec.: −2218.82±0.18 mas/yr[3]
Parallax (π)	153.01 ± 0.70 mas[3]
Distance	21.32 ± 0.10 ly (6.54 ± 0.03 pc)
Details
Mass	3 (3–9)[4] MJup
Radius	1.22 (1.09–1.22)[4] RJup
Surface gravity (log g)	3.75 (3.75–4.25)[4] cgs
Temperature	451±88[5] K
Other designations
WISEPA J041022.71+150248.5[1] WISEP J0410+1502[4] WISE J0410+1502[1] WISE 0410+1502[1]
Database references
SIMBAD	data

History of observations

Discovery

WISE 0410+1502 was discovered in 2011 from data, collected by Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) Earth-orbiting satellite — NASA infrared-wavelength 40 cm (16 in) space telescope, which mission lasted from December 2009 to February 2011. WISE 0410+1502 has two discovery papers: Kirkpatrick et al. (2011) and Cushing et al. (2011), however, basically with the same authors and published nearly simultaneously.^[1][4]

• Kirkpatrick et al. presented discovery of 98 new found by WISE brown dwarf systems with components of spectral types M, L, T and Y, among which also was WISE 0410+1502.^{[1][~ 2]}
• Cushing et al. presented discovery of seven brown dwarfs — one of T9.5 type, and six of Y-type — first members of the Y spectral class, ever discovered and spectroscopically confirmed, including "archetypal member" of the Y spectral class WISE 1828+2650, and WISE 0410+1502.^[4] These seven objects are also the faintest seven of 98 brown dwarfs, presented in Kirkpatrick et al. (2011).^[1]

Distance

Currently the most accurate distance estimate of WISE 0410+1502 is a trigonometric parallax, published in 2021 by Kirkpatrick et al.: 151.3±2.0 mas, corresponding to a distance 6.61±0.09 pc, or 21.6±0.3 ly.^[5]

Space motion

WISE 0410+1502 has a large proper motion of 2,418.3±1.1 milliarcseconds per year.^[5] The brown dwarf WISE 0410+1502 lies in local void 6.5 parsecs across, where relatively few stars and brown dwarfs are located.^[7]

Physical properties

The object's temperature estimate is 451±88 K.^[5] Cushing et al. obtained a low-resolution Magellan/FIRE spectrum^[4] and later they obtained a higher quality spectrum with Hubble WFC3, confirming the Y0 spectral type.^[8] The fitting of the spectrum with cloudy models produces realistic values and Leggett et al. finds a mass of about 10-15 M_J. The atmosphere is likely in a chemical disequilibrium and a cloud-free disequilibrium model does fit well with the Y- and H-band, but does not fit well with the J-band.^[9][10]

See also

Lists:

• List of star systems within 20–25 light years
• List of Y-dwarfs

The other six discoveries of brown dwarfs, published in Cushing et al. (2011):^[4]

• WISE 0148-7202 (T9.5)
• WISE 1405+5534 (Y0 (pec?))
• WISE 1541-2250 (Y0.5)
• WISE 1738+2732 (Y0)
• WISE 1828+2650 (>Y2)
• WISE 2056+1459 (Y0)

Notes

1. Since its mass estimate 3 (3–9) M_Jup is below the lower brown dwarf mass limit ~13 M_Jup, it may be actually a sub-brown dwarf or a rogue planet.
2. These 98 brown dwarf systems are only among first, not all brown dwarf systems, discovered from data, collected by WISE: six discoveries were published earlier (however, also listed in Kirkpatrick et al. (2011)) in Mainzer et al. (2011) and Burgasser et al. (2011), and the other discoveries were published later.

References

1. Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Cushing, Michael C.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L.; Mainzer, Amy K.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; McLean, Ian S.; Thompson, Maggie A.; Bauer, James M.; Benford, Dominic J.; Bridge, Carrie R.; Lake, Sean E.; Petty, Sara M.; Stanford, Spencer Adam; Tsai, Chao-Wei; Bailey, Vanessa; Beichman, Charles A.; Bloom, Joshua S.; Bochanski, John J.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Capak, Peter L.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Hinz, Philip M.; Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.; Knox, Russell P.; Manohar, Swarnima; Masters, Daniel; Morales-Calderon, Maria; Prato, Lisa A.; Rodigas, Timothy J.; Salvato, Mara; Schurr, Steven D.; Scoville, Nicholas Z.; Simcoe, Robert A.; Stapelfeldt, Karl R.; Stern, Daniel; Stock, Nathan D.; Vacca, William D. (2011). "The First Hundred Brown Dwarfs Discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 197 (2): 19. arXiv:1108.4677v1. Bibcode:2011ApJS..197...19K. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/197/2/19. S2CID 16850733.
2. Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Cushing, Michael C.; Mace, Gregory N.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; McLean, Ian S.; Mainzer, Amy K.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Tinney, Chris G.; Parker, Stephen; Salter, Graeme (2012). "Further Defining Spectral Type "Y" and Exploring the Low-mass End of the Field Brown Dwarf Mass Function". The Astrophysical Journal. 753 (2): 156. arXiv:1205.2122. Bibcode:2012ApJ...753..156K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/156. S2CID 119279752.
3. Fontanive, Clémence; Bedin, Luigi R.; Albert, Loïc; Gagliuffi, Daniella C. Bardalez (2024-12-21). "The Y Dwarf Population with HST: unlocking the secrets of our coolest neighbours -- II. Parallaxes and Proper Motions". arXiv:2412.16679 [astro-ph].
4. Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Mainzer, A.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Beichman, Charles A.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Prato, Lisa A.; Simcoe, Robert A.; Marley, Mark S.; Saumon, D.; Freedman, Richard S.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Wright, Edward L. (2011). "The Discovery of Y Dwarfs using Data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)". The Astrophysical Journal. 743 (1): 50. arXiv:1108.4678. Bibcode:2011ApJ...743...50C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/743/1/50. S2CID 286881.
5. Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; et al. (March 2021). "The Field Substellar Mass Function Based on the Full-sky 20 pc Census of 525 L, T, and Y Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 253 (1): 7. arXiv:2011.11616. Bibcode:2021ApJS..253....7K. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abd107. S2CID 227126954.
6. Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Cushing, Michael C.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Eisenhardt, Peter R. (2013). "Parallaxes and Proper Motions of Ultracool Brown Dwarfs of Spectral Types Y and Late T". The Astrophysical Journal. 762 (2): 119. arXiv:1211.6977. Bibcode:2013ApJ...762..119M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/762/2/119. S2CID 42923100.
7. Bihain, G.; Scholz, R.-D. (2016), "A non-uniform distribution of the nearest brown dwarfs", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 589: A26, arXiv:1603.00714, Bibcode:2016A&A...589A..26B, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201528007, S2CID 119102741
8. Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Mace, Gregory N.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Gould, Andrew (2014-05-01). "Three New Cool Brown Dwarfs Discovered with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and an Improved Spectrum of the Y0 Dwarf WISE J041022.71+150248.4". The Astronomical Journal. 147 (5): 113. arXiv:1402.1378. Bibcode:2014AJ....147..113C. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/5/113. ISSN 0004-6256.
9. Leggett, S. K.; Morley, Caroline V.; Marley, M. S.; Saumon, D.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Visscher, Channon (2013-02-01). "A Comparison of Near-infrared Photometry and Spectra for Y Dwarfs with a New Generation of Cool Cloudy Models". The Astrophysical Journal. 763 (2): 130. arXiv:1212.1210. Bibcode:2013ApJ...763..130L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/763/2/130. ISSN 0004-637X.
10. Zalesky, Joseph A.; Line, Michael R.; Schneider, Adam C.; Patience, Jennifer (2019-05-01). "A Uniform Retrieval Analysis of Ultra-cool Dwarfs. III. Properties of Y Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 877 (1): 24. arXiv:1903.11658. Bibcode:2019ApJ...877...24Z. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab16db. ISSN 0004-637X.