Volcanism of Java

The Indonesian island of Java is almost entirely of volcanic origin, and contains numerous volcanoes, 45 of which are considered active volcanoes. As is the case for many other Indonesian islands, volcanoes have played a vital role in the geological and human history of Java. Indeed, land is created on Java as a result of lava flows, ash deposits, and mud flows (lahars). Volcanoes are a major contributor to the immense fertility of Java, as natural erosion transports volcanic material as alluvium to the island's plains, forming thick layers of fertile sediment. The benefit is not just in the immediate vicinity of the volcano, with fine ash emitted from eruptions being dispersed over wide areas.

View of Semeru and Bromo eruption with Mount Batok in East Java

Climbing volcanoes (and other mountains) is increasingly popular.^{[according to whom?]}

List of volcanoes

Mount Merapi (left foreground) and Merbabu (right); with far view of Mount Ungaran, Sumbing, Sundoro, Dieng, and Slamet in Central Java

Main article: List of volcanoes in Indonesia

This list is of volcanoes from the west of Java to the east. Local terminology and usage has the word Gunung (mount or mountain) precede the names.

West Java

• Mount Cereme Stratovolcano
• Mount Galunggung Stratovolcano
• Mount Gede Stratovolcano
• Mount Guntur Complex volcano
• Kamojang Geothermal field
• Karaha Crater Fumarole field
• Gunung Karang Stratovolcano
• Mount Kendang Stratovolcano
• Mount Kendeng Stratovolcano
• Mount Kiaraberes-Gagak Stratovolcano
• Mount Malabar Stratovolcano
• Mount Pangrango Stratovolcano
• Mount Papandayan Complex stratovolcano
• Mount Patuha Stratovolcano
• Perbakti Stratovolcano
• Mount Pulosari Stratovolcano
• Mount Salak Stratovolcano
• Mount Talagabodas Stratovolcano
• Mount Tampomas Stratovolcano
• Tangkuban Parahu Stratovolcano
• Wayang-Windu Twin volcanoes

Central Java

• Mount Slamet Stratovolcano
• Dieng Volcanic Complex Complex volcano
• Mount Sundoro Stratovolcano
• Mount Sumbing Stratovolcano
• Mount Ungaran Stratovolcano
• Mount Telomoyo Stratovolcano
• Mount Merbabu Stratovolcano
• Mount Merapi Stratovolcano
• Mount Muria Stratovolcano
• Mount Lawu Stratovolcano (bordering with East Java)

East Java

• Mount Lawu Stratovolcano (bordering with Central Java)
• Mount Wilis Stratovolcano
• Kelut Stratovolcano
• Kawi-Butak Stratovolcanoes
• Arjuno-Welirang Stratovolcano
• Penanggungan Stratovolcano
• Malang Plain Maars
• Semeru Stratovolcano
• Mount Bromo
• Lamongan Stratovolcano
• Mount Lurus
• Iyang-Argapura Complex volcano
• Raung Stratovolcano
• Ijen Stratovolcanoes
• Baluran Stratovolcano

List of active volcanoes

Name	Shape	Elevation		Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
		m	ft
Pulosari	stratovolcano	1,346	4,416	unknown	6.342°S 105.975°E / -6.342; 105.975
Gunung Karang	stratovolcano	1,778	5,833	unknown	6.27°S 106.042°E / -6.27; 106.042
Kiaraberes-Gagak	stratovolcano	1,511	4,957	6 Apr 1939 (1)	6.73°S 106.65°E / -6.73; 106.65
Perbakti	stratovolcano	1,699	5,574	unknown	6.75°S 106.68°E / -6.75; 106.68
Salak	stratovolcano	2,211	7,254	31 Jan 1938 (2)	6.72°S 106.73°E / -6.72; 106.73
Gede	stratovolcano	2,958	9,705	13 Mar 1957 (2)	6.78°S 106.98°E / -6.78; 106.98
Patuha	stratovolcano	2,434	7,986	unknown	7.160°S 107.40°E / -7.160; 107.40
Wayang-Windu	lava dome	2,182	7,159	unknown	7.208°S 107.63°E / -7.208; 107.63
Malabar	stratovolcano	2,343	7,687	unknown	7.13°S 107.65°E / -7.13; 107.65
Tangkuban Perahu	stratovolcano	2,084	6,837	26 Jul 2019 (1)	6.77°S 107.60°E / -6.77; 107.60
Papandayan	stratovolcano	2,665	8,743	11 Nov 2002 (2)	7.32°S 107.73°E / -7.32; 107.73
Kendang	stratovolcano	2,608	8,556	unknown	7.23°S 107.72°E / -7.23; 107.72
Kamojang	stratovolcano	1,730	5,680	Pleistocene	7.125°S 107.80°E / -7.125; 107.80
Guntur	complex volcano	2,249	7,379	16 Oct 1847 (2)	7.143°S 107.840°E / -7.143; 107.840
Tampomas	stratovolcano	1,684	5,525	unknown	6.77°S 107.95°E / -6.77; 107.95
Galunggung	stratovolcano	2,168	7,113	9 Jan 1984 (1)	7.25°S 108.058°E / -7.25; 108.058
Talagabodas	stratovolcano	2,201	7,221	unknown	7.208°S 108.07°E / -7.208; 108.07
Karaha	fumarole	1,155	3,789	unknown	7.12°S 108.08°E / -7.12; 108.08
Cereme	stratovolcano	3,078	10,098	1951	6.892°S 108.40°E / -6.892; 108.40
Slamet	stratovolcano	3,432	11,260	1 May 1999 (1)	7.242°S 109.208°E / -7.242; 109.208
Dieng	complex volcano	2,565	8,415	31 Dec 1996 (1)	7.20°S 109.92°E / -7.20; 109.92
Sundoro	stratovolcano	3,136	10,289	29 Oct 1971 (2)	7.30°S 109.992°E / -7.30; 109.992
Sumbing	stratovolcano	3,371	11,060	1730 (1)	7.384°S 110.070°E / -7.384; 110.070
Ungaran	stratovolcano	2,050	6,730	unknown	7.18°S 110.33°E / -7.18; 110.33
Telomoyo	stratovolcano	1,894	6,214	unknown	7.37°S 110.40°E / -7.37; 110.40
Merbabu	stratovolcano	3,145	10,318	1797 (2)	7.45°S 110.43°E / -7.45; 110.43
Merapi	stratovolcano	2,968	9,738	28 Mar 2020 (3)	7.542°S 110.442°E / -7.542; 110.442
Muria	stratovolcano	1,625	5,331	160 ± 30 years	6.62°S 110.88°E / -6.62; 110.88
Lawu	stratovolcano	3,265	10,712	28 Nov 1885 (1)	7.625°S 111.192°E / -7.625; 111.192
Wilis	stratovolcano	2,563	8,409	unknown	7.808°S 111.758°E / -7.808; 111.758
Kelud	stratovolcano	1,731	5,679	13 Feb 2014 (4)	7.93°S 112.308°E / -7.93; 112.308
Kawi-Butak	stratovolcano	2,651	8,698	unknown	7.92°S 112.45°E / -7.92; 112.45
Arjuno-Welirang	stratovolcano	3,339	10,955	15 Aug 1952 (0)	7.725°S 112.58°E / -7.725; 112.58
Penanggungan	stratovolcano	1,653	5,423	unknown	7.62°S 112.63°E / -7.62; 112.63
Malang Plain	maar	680	2,230	unknown	8.02°S 112.68°E / -8.02; 112.68
Semeru	stratovolcano	3,676	12,060	1967–2021 continuing (3)	8.108°S 112.92°E / -8.108; 112.92
Tengger	stratovolcano	2,329	7,641	8 Jun 2004 (2)	7.942°S 112.95°E / -7.942; 112.95
Lamongan	stratovolcano	1,651	5,417	5 Feb 1898 (2)	7.979°S 113.342°E / -7.979; 113.342
Lurus	complex volcano	539	1,768	unknown	7.73°S 113.58°E / -7.73; 113.58
Iyang-Argapura	complex volcano	3,088	10,131	unknown	7.97°S 113.57°E / -7.97; 113.57
Raung	stratovolcano	3,332	10,932	3 Oct 2020 (1)	8.125°S 114.042°E / -8.125; 114.042
Ijen	stratovolcano	2,799	9,183	28 Jun 1999 (1)	8.058°S 114.242°E / -8.058; 114.242
Baluran	stratovolcano	1,247	4,091	unknown	7.85°S 114.37°E / -7.85; 114.37

See also

• Indonesia portal

• Reinout Willem van Bemmelen
• List of volcanoes in Indonesia