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The voiceless labial–palatal fricative or approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in a few spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɥ̊⟩[1] or ⟨ɸ͡ç⟩.[2] The former – more accurately the voiceless labialized palatal fricative by those who consider it to be a fricative[3] – is the voiceless counterpart of the voiced labial–palatal approximant. Other linguists posit voiceless approximants distinct from voiceless fricatives; to them, [ɥ̊] is a voiceless labialized palatal approximant.
| Voiceless labialized palatal fricative | |
|---|---|
| ɥ̊ | |
| ɸ͡ç |
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
or
- Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation, but not enough to produce a turbulent airstream.
- The place of articulation of [ɥ̊] is palatal; it is also labialized.[3] The place of articulation of [ɸ͡ç] is palatal and bilabial.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breton | [i ˈɥ̊izin] | 'her kitchen' | Described as a fricative, and as a realisation of the sequence /hɥ/.[4] | ||
| Iaai | [example needed] | Described as an approximant. Contrasts with the voiced /ɥ/. Not protruded.[5] | |||
| Kham | Gamale Kham | ह्व़ा | [ɥ̊ɐ] | 'monkey' | Described as an approximant. Contrasts with the voiced /ɥ/.[6] |
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