Voiced dental and alveolar implosives

"Alveolar implosive" redirects here. For the voiceless consonant, see Voiceless alveolar implosive.

The voiced alveolar implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɗ ⟩. The IPA symbol is lowercase letter d with a rightward hook protruding from the upper right of the letter.

Voiced alveolar implosive
ɗ
IPA Number	162
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	ɗ
Unicode (hex)	U+0257
X-SAMPA	d_<
Braille
Image

The voiced dental implosive may be found in the Jhangvi dialect of Punjabi and has the symbol ⟨ɗ̪⟩.^[1][2]

Features

Features of the voiced alveolar implosive:

• Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a plosive.
• Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
• Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
• The airstream mechanism is implosive (glottalic ingressive), which means it is produced by pulling air in by pumping the glottis downward. Since it is voiced, the glottis is not completely closed, but allows a pulmonic airstream to escape through it.

Occurrence

Alveolar

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Ega[3]	[ɗá]		'hide'
Fula	ɗiɗi/𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭/طِطِ	[ɗiɗi]	'two'
Goemai	ḍal	[ɗal]	'to swallow'
Hausa	ɗaiɗai/طَـیْـطَـیْ	[ɗei̯ɗei̯]	'one at a time'
Jamaican Patois[4]	dem	[ɗem]	'them'	Allophone of /d/ in the onset of prominent syllables
Kalabari[5]	ḍa	[ɗà]	'father'
Karajá	ti	[ɗi]	'bone'
Khmer	ដប់/dáb	[ɗɑp]	'ten'
Konso[6]	bad	[ɓaɗ]	'to hide'
Kwaza[7]	deda	[ɗe'ɗa]	'snake'	Analyzed as /d/
Mono[8]	ku‘da	[kūɗā]	'debt'
Ongota	[ɡaːɗa]		'dull'
Parkari Koli	واۮۯون	[vaːɗaɭuːn]	' clouds
Paumarí[9]	'bo'da	[ɓoɗa]	'old'
Serer[10]	biɗ/بِـطْ	[biɗ]	'flower'	Contrasts /ɓ̥, ɗ̥, ʄ̊, ɓ, ɗ, ʄ/.
Sindhi	ڏر	[ɗarʊ]	'crevice'
Shona	kudada	[kuɗaɗa]	'prideful and pompous'
Tera[11]	ɗana	[ɗàna]	'to talk'
Tukang Besi	[piɗi]		'rubbish'
Vietnamese[12]	đuôi	[ɗuəj]	'tail'	See Vietnamese phonology.
Wadiyara Koli	[example needed]			Contrasts /ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ/.
Wambule	डि॒	[ɗi]	'name'
Standard Zhuang	nda	[ɗa]	'set'

Dental

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Jhangvi dialect[1][2]	[example needed]

See also

• Index of phonetics articles
• Voiceless alveolar implosive

Notes

1. Shackle 1976, p. 23. sfn error: no target: CITEREFShackle1976 (help)
2. Bahl 1936, p. 28. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBahl1936 (help)
3. Connell, Ahoua & Gibbon (2002:100)
4. Devonish & Harry (2004:456)
5. Harry (2003:113)
6. Orkaydo, Ongaye Oda (2013). A Grammar of Konso. p. 11.
7. Voort, Hein van der (2008-08-22), A Grammar of Kwaza, De Gruyter Mouton, doi:10.1515/9783110197280, ISBN 978-3-11-019728-0, retrieved 2024-03-13
8. Olson (2004:233)
9. Everett (2003:23)
10. Mc Laughlin (2005:100)
11. Tench (2007:228)
12. Thompson (1959:458–461)

References

• Connell, Bruce; Ahoua, Firmin; Gibbon, Dafydd (2002), "Ega", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 32 (1): 99–104, doi:10.1017/S002510030200018X
• Devonish, H; Harry, Otelamate G. (2004), "Jamaican phonology", in Kortman, B; Shneider E. W. (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English, phonology, vol. 1, Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, pp. 441–471
• Everett, Daniel L. (2003), "Iambic Feet in Paumari and the Theory of Foot Structure", Linguistic Discovery, 2 (1), doi:10.1349/ps1.1537-0852.a.263, ISSN 1537-0852
• Harry, Otelemate (2003), "Kalaḅarị-Ịjo", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 113–120, doi:10.1017/S002510030300121X
• Keer, Edward (1999), Geminates, The OCP and The Nature of CON, Rutgers University
• Mc Laughlin, Fiona (2005), "Voiceless implosives in Seereer-Siin", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 35 (2): 201–214, doi:10.1017/S0025100305002215, S2CID 145717014
• Olson, Kenneth S. (2004), "Mono" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 233–238, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001744
• Tench, Paul (2007), "Tera", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (1): 228–234, doi:10.1017/s0025100307002952
• Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language, 35 (3): 454–476, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232

External links

• List of languages with [ɗ] on PHOIBLE