Eurovision Song Contest 1988

The Eurovision Song Contest 1988 was the 33rd edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Dublin, Ireland, following Johnny Logan's win at the 1987 contest with the song "Hold Me Now". Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ), the contest was held at the RDS Simmonscourt on 30 April 1988 and was hosted by Irish broadcaster Pat Kenny and the Miss Ireland 1980 Michelle Rocca, marking the first time since the 1979 contest that two presenters had hosted the contest.

Eurovision Song Contest 1988
Dates
Final	30 April 1988
Host
Venue	RDS Simmonscourt Pavilion, Dublin, Ireland
Presenter(s)	Pat Kenny Michelle Rocca
Musical director	Noel Kelehan
Directed by	Declan Lowney
Executive supervisor	Frank Naef
Executive producer	Liam Miller
Host broadcaster	Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ)
Website	eurovision.tv/event/dublin-1988
Participants
Number of entries	21
Debuting countries	None
Returning countries	None
Non-returning countries	Cyprus
Participation map      Competing countries     Countries that participated in the past but not in 1988
Vote
Voting system	Each country awarded 12, 10, 8-1 point(s) to their 10 favourite songs
Winning song	Switzerland "Ne partez pas sans moi"
1987 ← Eurovision Song Contest → 1989

Twenty-one countries took part, after an initial plan of twenty-two, as Cyprus' song was disqualified for breaching the contest's rules by being published a few years earlier, in an attempt to represent the country at a prior edition of the contest. The Cypriot song had been drawn to be performed 2nd in the running order.

The winner was Switzerland with the song "Ne partez pas sans moi", performed by Canadian singer Céline Dion and composed by Atilla Şereftuğ with lyrics in French by Nella Martinetti. Switzerland beat the United Kingdom by just one point in the last vote to win the title. The victory helped launch Dion's international career, subsequently leading her to become one of the best-selling artists of all time.

Location

RDS Simmonscourt Pavilion – host venue of the 1988 contest

The 1988 contest took place in Dublin, Ireland, following the country's victory at the 1987 edition with the song "Hold Me Now", performed by Johnny Logan. It was the third time that Ireland had hosted the contest, following the 1971 and 1981 events also held in Dublin.^[1]

The selected venue was the Simmonscourt Pavilion of the Royal Dublin Society, a multi-purpose venue situated in the Ballsbridge area of the city, which had previously hosted the 1981 contest.^[2][3] Space for approximately 1,500 people in the audience was expected following construction of the stage and other technical aspects.^[2]

Participating countries

Further information: List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest

Eurovision Song Contest 1988 – Participation summaries by country
Austria Belgium Cyprus Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom Yugoslavia

The same twenty-two countries which had participated the previous year submitted entries for the 1988 contest. However, a number of weeks before the event, it was discovered that the song selected to represent Cyprus, "Thimame", written by John Vickers and Aristos Moschovakis and sung by Aristos Moschovakis, had previously competed in the 1984 Cypriot national selection under the title "San to rok-en-rol", and was therefore ineligible to compete at Eurovision.^[4][5][6] The Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation (CyBC) subsequently announced on 12 March 1988 that it had nullified the selection of "Thimame" as the Cypriot entry; as the rules of the 1988 Cypriot selection did not provide for a second-placed song to be declared, and as there was not enough time to stage a second selection process to determine a replacement entry, CyBC was ultimately unable to participate in the contest.^[4][5][7]

Several of the artists which competed in this year's contest has performed in previous editions of the event. Sweden's Tommy Körberg has competed in the 1969 contest;^[8] the duo Hot Eyes, also known as Kirsten and Søren, represented Denmark for a third time, following appearances at the 1984 and 1985 contests;^[9] the group MFÖ returned for Turkey after also competing in 1985;^[10] Portugal's Dora competed again two years after her previous entry;^[11] and Israel's Yardena Arazi returned to compete as a solo artist, after previously representing her country as part of the group Chocolate Menta Mastik in 1976, and co-hosting the 1979 contest held in Jerusalem.^[12] Additionally, Finland's Boulevard had previously performed as the backing group for the previous year's Finnish entrant Vicky Rosti, and among Yardena Arazi's backing vocalists was Yehuda Tamir and Reuven Gvirtz [he], members of the Israeli group Milk and Honey which had won the 1979 contest.^[13][14]

Each performance had a conductor who was maestro to the orchestra, except for Iceland and Italy.^[15]

Participants of the Eurovision Song Contest 1988^[15][16]

Country	Broadcaster	Artist	Song	Language	Songwriter(s)	Conductor
Austria	ORF	Wilfried	"Lisa Mona Lisa"	German	Ronnie Herbholzheimer Klaus Kofler Wilfried Scheutz	Harald Neuwirth
Belgium	RTBF	Reynaert	"Laissez briller le soleil"	French	Philippe Anciaux Joseph Reynaerts Dany Willem	Dany Willem
Denmark	DR	Hot Eyes	"Ka' du se hva' jeg sa'"	Danish	Søren Bundgaard Keld Heick	Henrik Krogsgaard
Finland	YLE	Boulevard	"Nauravat silmät muistetaan"	Finnish	Kirsti Willberg Pepe Willberg	Ossi Runne
France	Antenne 2	Gérard Lenorman	"Chanteur de charme"	French	Claude Lemesle Gérard Lenorman	Guy Mattéoni
Germany	BR[lower-alpha 1]	Maxi and Chris Garden	"Lied für einen Freund"	German	Bernd Meinunger Ralph Siegel	Michael Thatcher
Greece	ERT	Afroditi Fryda	"Clown" (Κλόουν)	Greek	Dimitris Sakislis	Haris Andreadis
Iceland	RÚV	Beathoven	"Sókrates"	Icelandic	Sverrir Stormsker	No conductor
Ireland	RTÉ	Jump the Gun	"Take Him Home"	English	Peter Eades	Noel Kelehan
Israel	IBA	Yardena Arazi	"Ben Adam" (בן אדם)	Hebrew	Boris Dimitshtein Ehud Manor	Eldad Shrem
Italy	RAI	Luca Barbarossa	"Ti scrivo"	Italian	Luca Barbarossa	No conductor
Luxembourg	CLT	Lara Fabian	"Croire"	French	Jacques Cardona Alain Garcia	Régis Dupré
Netherlands	NOS	Gerard Joling	"Shangri-La"	Dutch	Peter de Wijn	Harry van Hoof
Norway	NRK	Karoline Krüger	"For vår jord"	Norwegian	Erik Hillestad Anita Skorgan	Arild Stav
Portugal	RTP	Dora	"Voltarei"	Portuguese	José Calvário José Niza	José Calvário
Spain	TVE	La Década	"La chica que yo quiero (Made in Spain)"	Spanish	Francisco Dondiego Enrique Piero	Javier de Juan
Sweden	SVT	Tommy Körberg	"Stad i ljus"	Swedish	Py Bäckman	Anders Berglund
Switzerland	SRG SSR	Céline Dion	"Ne partez pas sans moi"	French	Nella Martinetti Atilla Şereftuğ	Atilla Şereftuğ
Turkey	TRT	MFÖ	"Sufi (Hey Ya Hey)"	Turkish	Mazhar Alanson Fuat Güner Özkan Uğur	Turhan Yükseler
United Kingdom	BBC	Scott Fitzgerald	"Go"	English	Julie Forsyth	Ronnie Hazlehurst
Yugoslavia	JRT	Srebrna krila[lower-alpha 2]	"Mangup" (Мангуп)	Serbo-Croatian	Stevo Cvikić Rajko Dujmić	Nikica Kalogjera

Production and format

The Eurovision Song Contest 1988 was produced by the Irish public broadcaster Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ). Liam Miller served as executive producer, Declan Lowney served as director, Paula Farrell and Michael Grogan served as designers, and Noel Kelehan served as musical director, leading the RTÉ Concert Orchestra.^[18][19][20] A separate musical director could be nominated by each country to lead the orchestra during their performance, with the host musical director also available to conduct for those countries which did not nominate their own conductor.^[21] On behalf of the contest organisers, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), the event was overseen by Frank Naef as executive supervisor.^[22][23][24]

Host broadcaster RTÉ, employed Declan Lowney, who was notable for being a director of music videos and youth programming, as director for this edition, in order to revamp the contest to attract and sustain a younger audience. The traditional scoreboard was replaced with two giant Vidiwalls located on either side of the stage, which also projected live images of the performers from the green room where the competitors sat during the votes announcements, and a new computer-generated scoreboard was used.

The stage itself, conceived by Paula Farrell under chief production designer Michael Grogan, was also the largest and most elaborate ever constructed for the Eurovision Song Contest to date. To compensate for the fact that the vast stage took up most of the room in what is really an average size exhibition hall, the director deliberately darkened the hall where the audience was located and refused to use wide angled shots of the audience, in order to create the illusion of the venue being bigger than it actually was.

Each country had a jury who awarded 12, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 point(s) for its top ten songs. The number of jury members changed this year from 11 which had been the limit since 1975 to 16 which would be used until 1996 when five countries tested the televoting in 1997.

Contest overview

The contest took place on 30 April 1988 at 20:00 (IST) with a duration of 2 hours and 50 minutes and was presented by Pat Kenny and Michelle Rocca.^[18][25]

The contest was opened by a video montage highlighting ancient Celtic structures, items and mythology pertaining to prehistoric Ireland, transitioning to footage of modern-day Ireland and Dublin. This was followed by a performance of the previous year's winning entry, "Hold Me Now", by Johnny Logan.^[26] The interval act was the Irish rock group Hothouse Flowers, with a music video of their song "Don't Go"; the group's lead singer Liam Ó Maonlaí also appeared on stage before the music video played to explain the meaning behind the song while playing the piano.^[26][27] The trophy awarded to the winners was presented at the end of the broadcast by Johnny Logan.^[28]

The winner was Switzerland represented by the song "Ne partez pas sans moi", composed by Atilla Şereftuğ, written by Nella Martinetti and performed by Céline Dion.^[29] It was Switzerland's second Eurovision win, following their victory at the inaugural edition in 1956.^[30] It also remains as of 2024^[update] the last time that a song in the French language has won.^[31]

The contest helped launch an international career for two now world-famous artists, the winner for Switzerland Céline Dion and Luxembourg's representative Lara Fabian. Canadian Céline Dion was a rising star in the French-speaking world at the time of the contest. Shortly afterwards she started recording songs in English to great worldwide success.^[18] As Dion, Belgian-Canadian Lara Fabian also achieved a successful career after the contest with becoming established in various countries worldwide, with a mainly French-sung repertoire.^[18]

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1988^[32]

R/O	Country	Artist	Song	Points	Place
1	Iceland	Beathoven	"Sókrates"	20	16
2	Sweden	Tommy Körberg	"Stad i ljus"	52	12
3	Finland	Boulevard	"Nauravat silmät muistetaan"	3	20
4	United Kingdom	Scott Fitzgerald	"Go"	136	2
5	Turkey	MFÖ	"Sufi (Hey Ya Hey)"	37	15
6	Spain	La Década	"La chica que yo quiero (Made in Spain)"	58	11
7	Netherlands	Gerard Joling	"Shangri-La"	70	9
8	Israel	Yardena Arazi	"Ben Adam"	85	7
9	Switzerland	Céline Dion	"Ne partez pas sans moi"	137	1
10	Ireland	Jump the Gun	"Take Him Home"	79	8
11	Germany	Maxi and Chris Garden	"Lied für einen Freund"	48	14
12	Austria	Wilfried	"Lisa Mona Lisa"	0	21
13	Denmark	Hot Eyes	"Ka' du se hva' jeg sa'"	92	3
14	Greece	Afroditi Fryda	"Clown"	10	17
15	Norway	Karoline Krüger	"For vår jord"	88	5
16	Belgium	Reynaert	"Laissez briller le soleil"	5	18
17	Luxembourg	Lara Fabian	"Croire"	90	4
18	Italy	Luca Barbarossa	"Ti scrivo"	52	12
19	France	Gérard Lenorman	"Chanteur de charme"	64	10
20	Portugal	Dora	"Voltarei"	5	18
21	Yugoslavia	Srebrna krila[lower-alpha 2]	"Mangup"	87	6

Spokespersons

Each country nominated a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing the votes for their respective country via telephone. Known spokespersons at the 1988 contest are listed below.

•  Iceland – Guðrún Skúladóttir^[33]
•  Ireland – John Skehan^{[lower-alpha 3]}
•  Sweden – Maud Uppling^[34]
•  United Kingdom – Colin Berry^[35]
•  Yugoslavia – Miša Molk^[36]

Detailed voting results

Jury voting was used to determine the points awarded by all countries.^[37] The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in the order in which they performed, with the spokespersons announcing their country's points in English or French in ascending order.^[26][37] The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below.

Detailed voting results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1988^[38][39]

		Total score	Iceland	Sweden	Finland	United Kingdom	Turkey	Spain	Netherlands	Israel	Switzerland	Ireland	Germany	Austria	Denmark	Greece	Norway	Belgium	Luxembourg	Italy	France	Portugal	Yugoslavia
Contestants	Iceland	20		1					4						4					1	2	8
	Sweden	52	3			2			8			5			8		12	1	3	10
	Finland	3								3
	United Kingdom	136	1	5	10		12	10		10	5	7	10	10	10	6	5	12	8	12		3
	Turkey	37		4		1		5	1	8			8						4		6
	Spain	58	2				5			2	6			8	1	8	2	6	6	8			4
	Netherlands	70				6	6			7	7	2	6			12			12	5			7
	Israel	85	6		6	4		6	3		10	1	5	2		3		10	5	3	10	10	1
	Switzerland	137	7	12	5	10	10	8	10	4		10	12			10	8	4	1	7	1	12	6
	Ireland	79		7	2	3	2	12	6		4		7	6	7		7	5			4	5	2
	Germany	48	8			5	1	3		5		6			6		4					2	8
	Austria	0
	Denmark	92	10	3	4			1	12	6	1	4	4	12			10	7			12	6
	Greece	10					3														7
	Norway	88	5	8	7	12			7	1		8	1	3	5	7		3		4		7	10
	Belgium	5																			5
	Luxembourg	90	4	10	12	7			5		12	12		1	2	2	6	8		2		4	3
	Italy	52			8		4	7			8		2	5			3		2		8		5
	France	64		2	3		8	2	2		3		3	7	3	5	1	2	10			1	12
	Portugal	5						4								1
	Yugoslavia	87	12	6	1	8	7			12	2	3		4	12	4			7	6	3

12 points

The below table summarises how the maximum 12 points were awarded from one country to another. The winning country is shown in bold. Denmark, Luxembourg, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and Yugoslavia received the maximum score of 12 points from three of the voting countries, the Netherlands received two sets of 12 points, and France, Ireland, Norway and Sweden each received one maximum score.^[38][39]

Distribution of 12 points awarded at the Eurovision Song Contest 1988^[38][39]

N.	Contestant	Nation(s) giving 12 points
3	Denmark	Austria,  France,  Netherlands
	Luxembourg	Finland,  Ireland,   Switzerland
	Switzerland	Germany,  Portugal,  Sweden
	United Kingdom	Belgium,  Italy,  Turkey
	Yugoslavia	Denmark,  Iceland,  Israel
2	Netherlands	Greece,  Luxembourg
1	France	Yugoslavia
	Ireland	Spain
	Norway	United Kingdom
	Sweden	Norway

Broadcasts

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.^[40]

Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries

Country	Broadcaster	Channel(s)	Commentator(s)	Ref.
Austria	ORF	FS1	Ernst Grissemann	[41][42]
Belgium	RTBF	RTBF1	Pierre Collard-Bovy	[43]
	BRT	TV1	Luc Appermont	[44]
		BRT 2		[45]
Denmark	DR	DR TV, DR P2	Jørgen de Mylius	[46]
Finland	YLE	TV1, 2-verkko [fi]	Erkki Pohjanheimo	[47][48]
France	Antenne 2		Lionel Cassan [fr]	[49][50]
Germany	ARD	Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen	Nicole and Claus-Erich Boetzkes	[41][51]
Greece	ERT	ET1	Dafni Bokota	[52][53]
Iceland	RÚV	Sjónvarpið, Rás 1	Hermann Gunnarsson	[54]
Ireland	RTÉ	RTÉ 1	Mike Murphy	[55][56]
		RTÉ FM3	Larry Gogan	[57]
Israel	IBA	Israeli Television, Reshet Gimel [he]		[58]
Italy	RAI	Rai Tre	Daniele Piombi	[59]
Luxembourg	CLT	RTL Télévision		[60]
		RTL plus		[45]
Netherlands	NOS	Nederland 3	Willem van Beusekom	[45][61]
Norway	NRK	NRK Fjernsynet, NRK P2	John Andreassen	[62][63]
Portugal	RTP	RTP1		[64]
Spain	TVE	TVE 2	Beatriz Pécker [es]	[65]
Sweden	SVT	TV2	Bengt Grafström	[66]
	RR [sv]	SR P3	Kalle Oldby	[67]
Switzerland	SRG SSR	SRG Sportkette [de]	Bernard Thurnheer [de]	[41]
		SSR Chaîne sportive	Serge Moisson [fr]	[68]
		TSI Canale sportivo		[69]
Turkey	TRT	TV1		[70]
United Kingdom	BBC	BBC1	Terry Wogan	[71]
		BBC Radio 2	Ken Bruce	[72]
Yugoslavia	JRT	TV Beograd 1, TV Novi Sad, TV Zagreb 1	Oliver Mlakar	[73][74][75][76]
		TV Ljubljana 1 [sl]		[77]

Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries

Country	Broadcaster	Channel(s)	Commentator(s)	Ref.
Australia	SBS	SBS TV[lower-alpha 4]		[78]
Canada	CBC	Radio-Canada[lower-alpha 5]	Céline Dion and René Angélil	[79][80]
Cyprus	CyBC	RIK, A Programma		[81][82]
Czechoslovakia	ČST	ČST2[lower-alpha 6]		[83]
Estonian SSR	ETV[lower-alpha 7]			[84]
Faroe Islands	SvF			[86]
Greenland	KNR	KNR[lower-alpha 8]		[87]
Hungary	MTV	MTV2		[88]
Jordan	JRTV	JTV2		[89]
Poland	TP	TP1[lower-alpha 9]		[90]
Soviet Union	CT USSR	Programme One[lower-alpha 7]		[85]

Notes and references

Notes

1. On behalf of the German public broadcasting consortium ARD^[17]
2. Credited on screen as "Silver Wings"
3. Confirmed by host Pat Kenny during the broadcast.^[26]
4. Deferred broadcast the following day at 19:30 (AEST)^[78]
5. Delayed broadcast in a shortened format on 30 May 1988 at 19:00 (EDT)^[79]
6. Delayed broadcast in a shortened format on 29 May 1988 at 17:35 (CEST)^[83]
7. Delayed broadcast on 28 May 1988 at 22:10 (MSD)^[84][85]
8. Delayed broadcast on 2 May 1988 at 20:45 (WGST)^[87]
9. Delayed broadcast on 14 May 1988 at 20:00 (CEST)^[90]

References

1. "Ireland – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
2. Roxburgh 2020, pp. 336–338. sfn error: no target: CITEREFRoxburgh2020 (help)
3. "RDS Simmonscourt, Royal Dublin Society | Explore Hotels Nearby + Fairgrounds Info". Geta. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
4. Roxburgh 2016, pp. 336–338.
5. "Το σκάνδαλο Γιουροβίζιον – Ποιος παραβίασε τους κανονισμούς;" [Opinion: The Eurovision scandal – Who broke the rules?]. Haravgi (in Greek). Nicosia, Cyprus. 15 March 1988. p. 4. Retrieved 31 October 2024 – via Cyprus Press and Information Office [el].
6. "Ξεκαθαρίζει σήμερα το θέμα με Γιουροβίζιον" [Clarifies the issue with Eurovision today]. Mesimvrini (in Greek). Nicosia, Cyprus. 28 February 1988. p. 2. Retrieved 31 October 2024 – via Cyprus Press and Information Office [el].
7. "Η Κύπρος δεν μετέχει στη 'Γιουροβίζιον'" [Cyprus does not participate in Eurovision]. Haravgi (in Greek). Nicosia, Cyprus. 13 March 1988. p. 16. Retrieved 31 October 2024 – via Cyprus Press and Information Office [el].
8. "Third time lucky for Tommy Körberg?". EuroVisionary. 6 August 2012. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
9. Christensen, Kasper (19 February 2011). "Da Kirsten Siggaard næsten fødte på scenen" [When Kirsten Siggaard almost gave birth on stage] (in Danish). DR. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
10. "Eurovision resmi hesabından Özkan Uğur paylaşımı" [Özkan Uğur shared from the official Eurovision account]. BirGün (in Turkish). 11 July 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
11. Callixto, João Carlos. "Dora" (in Portuguese). Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP). Retrieved 31 October 2024.
12. "1976: חלקנו יחד את המתח" [1976: We shared the tension together]. Israel Hayom (in Hebrew). 23 April 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
13. "Boulevard" (in Spanish). Eurovision Spain. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
14. "Milk and Honey" (in Spanish). Eurovision Spain. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
15. Roxburgh 2016, pp. 339–347.
16. "Participants of Dublin 1988". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
17. "Alle deutschen ESC-Acts und ihre Titel" [All German ESC acts and their songs]. www.eurovision.de (in German). ARD. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
18. "Eurovision Song Contest 1998". European Broadcasting Union official website – History by year section. Archived from the original on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
19. Roxburgh 2016, p. 350.
20. O'Connor 2010, p. 217.
21. Roxburgh 2020, pp. 137–143. sfn error: no target: CITEREFRoxburgh2020 (help)
22. "The Organisers behind the Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 25 September 2024. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
23. "Former Eurovision scrutineer Frank Naef shares his backstage recollections". European Broadcasting Union. 10 February 2017. Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
24. O'Connor 2010, p. 210.
25. Roxburgh 2016, pp. 338–347.
26. Eurovision Song Contest: Dublin 1988 (Television programme) (in English and French). Dublin, Ireland: Radio Telefís Éireann. 30 April 1988.
27. "23 years ago today - Céline Dion wins for Switzerland". European Broadcasting Union. 30 April 2011. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
28. O'Connor 2010, p. 216.
29. "Céline Dion – Switzerland – Dublin 1988". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
30. "Switzerland – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
31. "Following a Swiss Eurovision win: What Céline Dion did next". European Broadcasting Union. 20 June 2024. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
32. "Final of Dublin 1988". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
33. "Fór út með vinningsglampann í sólgleraugunum" [Went out with the winning glare in the sunglasses]. Morgunblaðið (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland. 3 May 1988. pp. 66–67. Retrieved 15 January 2023 – via Timarit.is.
34. Thorsson & Verhage 2006, pp. 200–201.
35. Roxburgh 2016.
36. "Vas zanima, kakšno vlogo igra Miša Molk na letošnji Emi?" [Are you interested in what role Miša Molk plays at this year's EMA?]. Elle Slovenija. 24 February 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
37. Roxburgh 2016, pp. 347–349.
38. "Results of the Final of Dublin 1988". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
39. "Eurovision Song Contest 1988 – Scoreboard". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
40. "The Rules of the Contest". European Broadcasting Union. 31 October 2018. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
41. "TV + Radio · Samstag" [TV + Radio · Saturday]. Bieler Tagblatt (in German). Biel, Switzerland. 30 April 1988. p. 22. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2023 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
42. Halbhuber, Axel (22 May 2015). "Ein virtueller Disput der ESC-Kommentatoren" [A virtual dispute between Eurovision commentators]. Kurier (in German). Vienna, Austria. Archived from the original on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
43. "Televisie buitenland" [Television abroad]. De Telegraaf Weekeinde (in Dutch). Amsterdam, Netherlands. 30 April 1988. p. 4. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2023 – via Delpher.
44. "Zaterdag 30 april" [Saturday 30 April]. Brugsch Handelsblad Weekwijzer [nl] (in Dutch). Bruges, Belgium. 29 April 1988. p. 3. Retrieved 5 July 2024 – via Openbare Bibliotheek Brugge [nl].
45. "Televisie en radio" [Television and radio]. Limburgs Dagblad (in Dutch). Heerlen, Netherlands. 30 April 1988. p. 50. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2023 – via Delpher.
46. "Alle tiders programoversigter – Lørdag den 30. april 1988" [All-time programme overviews – Saturday 30 April 1988] (in Danish). DR. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
47. "Radio · Televisio" [Radio · Television]. Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Helsinki, Finland. 30 April 1988. pp. 52–53. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
48. "Euroviisut Dublinista" [Eurovision from Dublin]. Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Helsinki, Finland. 30 April 1988. p. 53. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
49. "Radio-télévision – Samedi 30 avril" [Radio-television – Saturday 30 April]. Le Monde. Paris, France. 30 April 1988. p. 21. Retrieved 18 June 2024 – via Internet Archive.
50. "33ème Concours Eurovision de la chanson 1988 (catalog record)". INAthèque (in French). Institut national de l'audiovisuel. CPB88005668. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
51. "Tränen um Mitternacht" [Tears at midnight]. Gong (in German). Munich, West Germany. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
52. "ΕΡΤ – Σάββατο" [ERT – Saturday]. Laos [el] (in Greek). Veria, Greece. 30 April 1988. p. 6. Retrieved 18 June 2024 – via Public Central Library of Veria [el].
53. Tüzecan, Temuçin (30 April 1988). "TV'de Eurovision fırtınası" [Eurovision storm on TV]. Milliyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. p. 2. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
54. "Útvarp/Sjónvarp" [Radio/Television]. Morgunblaðið (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland. 30 April 1988. p. 6. Retrieved 15 January 2023 – via Timarit.is.
55. "Saturday's Television". The Irish Times Weekend. Dublin, Ireland. 30 April 1986. p. 6. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
56. "Celebrities and public figures launch Irish campaign to boycott Eurovision 2019 in Israel". Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions. 30 July 2018. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
57. "Radio". The Irish Times Weekend. Dublin, Ireland. 30 April 1986. p. 6. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
58. "Shabat 30.4.88 – Televizia" שבת 30.4.88 – טלוויזיה [Saturday 30/4/88 – TV]. Maariv (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv, Israel. 29 April 1988. pp. 150–151. Retrieved 15 January 2023 – via National Library of Israel.
59. "Sabato 30 aprile" [Saturday 30 April]. Radiocorriere TV (in Italian). Vol. 65, no. 17. 24–30 April 1988. pp. 116–119. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
60. "Samstag, 30. April | Samedi, 30 avril" [Saturday 30 April]. Agenda (in French, German, and Luxembourgish). No. 16. 30 April – 6 May 1988. pp. 6–9. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
61. Langerak, Henk (30 April 1988). "Een groot gezelschapsspel" [A great board game]. AD Zaterdag 2 (in Dutch). Rotterdam, Netherlands. p. 5. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2023 – via Delpher.
62. "TV lørdag" [TV Saturday]. Sarpsborg Arbeiderblad (in Norwegian). Sarpsborg, Norway. 30 April 1988. pp. 22–23. Retrieved 15 January 2023 – via National Library of Norway.
63. "P2 – Kjøreplan lørdag 30. april 1988" [P2 – Timetable Saturday 30 April 1988] (in Norwegian). NRK. 30 April 1988. p. 3. Retrieved 15 January 2023 – via National Library of Norway. (subscription may be required or content may be available in libraries)
64. "Televisão" [Television]. Diário de Lisboa (in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal. 30 April 1988. p. 27. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2023 – via Casa Comum.
65. "La programació" [The programming]. Diari de Barcelona (in Catalan). Barcelona, Spain. 30 April 1988. p. 43. Retrieved 6 October 2024 – via Historical Archive of the City of Barcelona [ca].
66. "TV-programmen" [TV programmes]. Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden. 30 April 1988. p. 23.
67. "Radioprogrammen" [Radio programmes]. Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden. 30 April 1988. p. 23.
68. "Samedi TV – 30 avril" [Saturday TV – 30 April]. Radio TV8 (in French). No. 16. Lausanne, Switzerland: Héliographia SA. 21 April 1988. pp. 60–63. Retrieved 15 January 2023 – via Scriptorium Digital Library.
69. "Musica nazionale" [National music]. Gazzetta Ticinese (in Italian). Lugano, Switzerland. 30 April 1988. p. 16. Retrieved 14 January 2023 – via Sistema bibliotecario ticinese [it].
70. "Televizyon" [Television]. Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 30 April 1988. p. 4. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
71. "Eurovision Song Contest – BBC1". Radio Times. 30 April 1988. Retrieved 15 January 2023 – via BBC Genome Project.
72. "Eurovision Song Contest – BBC Radio 2". Radio Times. 30 April 1988. Retrieved 15 January 2023 – via BBC Genome Project.
73. "Телевизија – Субота, 30. aприл – Први програм" [Television – Saturday, 30 April – First programme]. Borba (in Serbian). Belgrade, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia. 30 April 1988. p. 24. Retrieved 25 May 2024 – via Pretraživa digitalna biblioteka.
74. "Televizió – Szombat, április 30" [Television – Saturday, April 30]. Magyar Szó (in Hungarian). Novi Sad, SAP Vojvodina, Yugoslavia. 30 April – 2 May 1988. p. 32. Retrieved 18 June 2024 – via Vajdasági Magyar Digitális Adattár.
75. "RTV Spektar – subota 30. IV" [RTV Spektar – Saturday 30 April]. Slobodna Dalmacija RTV Spektar (in Serbo-Croatian). Split, SR Croatia, Yugoslavia. 28 April 1988. p. 7. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
76. "'Mangup' za Evropu" ["Mangup" for Europe]. Slobodna Dalmacija RTV Spektar (in Serbo-Croatian). Split, SR Croatia, Yugoslavia. 28 April 1988. p. 1. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
77. "Televizija – spored za soboto" [Television – schedule for Saturday]. Delo (in Slovenian). Ljubljana, SR Slovenia, Yugoslavia. 30 April 1988. p. 14. Retrieved 28 October 2024 – via Digital Library of Slovenia.
78. "Sunday's TV Programs". The Canberra Times. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 1 May 1988. p. 2. Retrieved 15 January 2023 – via Trove.
79. "Télé-spéciaux – dimanche" [TV specials – Sunday]. Télé Presse. Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 28 May 1988. p. 4. Retrieved 23 June 2024 – via National Library and Archives of Quebec.
80. "Sunday evening". Aldergrove Star. Aldergrove, British Columbia, Canada. 26 May 1988. p. 17. Retrieved 17 June 2024 – via University of British Columbia Library.
81. "Το αποψινο προγραμμα – ΡΙΚ" [Tonight's programme – RIK]. I Simerini (in Greek). Nicosia, Cyprus. 30 April 1988. p. 4. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 4 March 2024 – via Press and Information Office [el].
82. "Ραδιόφωνο – Σαββατο – 30 Απριλιου" [Radio – Saturday – 30 April]. O Phileleftheros (in Greek). Nicosia, Cyprus. 30 April 1988. p. 2. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 4 March 2024 – via Press and Information Office [el].
83. "neděle 29.5. /2/" [Sunday 29.5. /2/]. Rozhlasový týdeník [cs] (in Czech). No. 22. 16 May 1988. p. 15. Retrieved 21 June 2024 – via Kramerius [cs].
84. "L. 28. V" [S. 28. May]. Televisioon : TV (in Estonian). No. 22. Tallinn, Estonian SSR, Soviet Union. 23–29 May 1988. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 21 June 2024 – via DIGAR [et].
85. "Телевидение, программа на неделю" [Television, weekly programme] (PDF). Pravda (in Russian). Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. 28 May 1988. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
86. "Útvarp ⬥ Sjónvarp – Leygardagur 30. April" [Radio ⬥ Television – Saturday 30 April]. 14. september [fo] (in Faroese and Danish). Tórshavn, Faroe Islands. 28 April 1988. p. 19. Retrieved 16 July 2024 – via Infomedia [dk].
87. "KNR-TV – Ataasinngorneq/Mandag" [KNR-TV – Monday]. Atuagagdliutit (in Kalaallisut and Danish). Nuuk, Greenland. 2 May 1988. p. 16. Retrieved 15 July 2024 – via Timarit.is.
88. "Kép és hang | a rádió és a televízió műsora – Szombat Április 30" [Picture and sound | radio and television program – Saturday April 30.]. Petőfi Népe [hu] (in Hungarian). Kecskemét, Hungary. 30 April 1988. p. 7. Retrieved 23 June 2024 – via Hungaricana [hu].
89. "TV & Radio | Jordan Television – Programme Two". The Jordan Times. Amman, Jordan. 30 April 1988. p. 2. Retrieved 11 June 2024 – via Internet Archive.
90. "Telewizja – sobota – 14 V" [Television – Saturday – 14 May]. Dziennik Polski (in Polish). Kraków, Poland. 13 May 1988. p. 8. Retrieved 15 January 2023 – via Digital Library of Małopolska.

Bibliography

• O'Connor, John Kennedy (2010). The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History (2nd ed.). London, United Kingdom: Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-84732-521-1.
• Roxburgh, Gordon (2016). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn, United Kingdom: Telos Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84583-163-9.
• Thorsson, Leif; Verhage, Martin (2006). Melodifestivalen genom tiderna : de svenska uttagningarna och internationella finalerna [Melodifestivalen through the ages: the Swedish selections and international finals] (in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden: Premium Publishing. ISBN 91-89136-29-2.

External links

• Official website