Villa rustica

Villa rustica (transl. farmhouse or countryside villa) was the term used by the ancient Romans^[1][2] to denote a farmhouse or villa set in the countryside and with an agricultural section, which applies to the vast majority of Roman villas. In some cases they were at the centre of a large agricultural estate, sometimes called a latifundium. The adjective rustica was used only to distinguish it from a much rarer sub-urban resort villa, or otium villa built for purely leisure and luxury, and typically located in the Bay of Naples. The villa rustica would thus serve both as a residence of the landowner and his family (and servants) and also as a farm management centre. It would often comprise separate buildings to accommodate farm labourers and sheds and barns for animals and crops.^{[3][4][5][6][7]}

Scale model of a Roman villa rustica. Remains of villas of this type have been found in the vicinity of Valjevo, Serbia.

The villa rustica's design differed, but usually it consisted of two parts; the pars urbana (main house),^[8] and the pars rustica (farm area).

List of villae rusticae

See also: List of Roman villas in Belgium and List of Roman sites in Spain

Austria

• Villa Rustica (Altheim-Weirading) [de], Altheim, Austria

Bosnia-Herzegovina

• Mogorjelo

Bulgaria

• Villa Armira, Ivaylovgrad

Italy

Boscoreale villa

• Villa Boscoreale

Mosaic floor at Villa dei Volusii

• Villa dei Volusii, Fiano Romano

Portugal

Villa of Torre de Palma

• Boca do Rio [de]
• Castelo da Lousa
• Villa of Fonte do Milho  [de]
• Roman Villa of Rabaçal
• Roman ruins of Quinta da Abicada
• Centum Cellas
• Villa of Torre de Palma
• Villa of Cerro da Vila
• Roman ruins of Pisões
• Roman ruins of São Cucufate
• Roman Ruins of Milreu (Estoi)
• Roman Villa of Sendim

Turkey

• Gökkale
• Üçayaklı ruins

United Kingdom

See also: List of Roman villas in England and List of Roman villas in Wales

Orpheus mosaic at Littlecote Roman Villa

• Bignor Roman Villa
• Borough Hill Roman villa
• Brading Roman Villa
• Chedworth Roman Villa
• Crofton Roman Villa
• Fishbourne Roman Palace
• Gadebridge Park Roman Villa
• Littlecote Roman Villa
• Llantwit Major Roman Villa
• Low Ham Roman Villa
• Lullingstone Roman Villa
• Newport Roman Villa
• North Leigh Roman Villa
• Piddington Roman Villa
• Woodchester Roman Villa

Ruins of the Villa rustica, Montmaurin

France

See also: Roman villas in northwestern Gaul

• Villa Rustica, Coustaty
• Villa Rustica, Lussas-et-Nontronneau [fr]
• Villa Rustica, Montcaret [de]
• Montmaurin
• Villa Rustica, Petit-Bersac [de]
• Villa Rustica, Pièce de Rance [de]

Germany

Wurmlingen

Villa rustica, Haselburg at Höchst i. Odw., Hypocaust of the main building

Eschweiler

Baden-Württemberg

• Villa Rustica, Baden-Baden-Haueneberstein, Roman settlement at Wohlfahrtsberg^[9]
• Villa Rustica at Bondorf, Böblingen
• Villa rustica at Büßlingen [de], Konstanz
• Villa Rustica (Brombach) [de], Lörrach
• Villa Rustica at Eigeltingen^[10]
• Villa Rustica at Gaggenau-Bad Rotenfels / Oberweier^[11]
• Villa urbana at Grenzach-Wyhlen (Museum Römervilla)
• Villa rustica at Hechingen-Stein [de], Zollernalbkreis
• Villa urbana at Heitersheim
• Villa Rustica (Meßkirch) [de], Sigmaringen
• Villa Rustica at Hirschberg^[12]
• Villa Rustica (Inzigkofen) [de], Sigmaringen
• Villa Rustica at Karlsruhe-Durlach^[13]
• Villa Rustica at Langenau^[14]
• Villa Rustica (Laucherthal) [de], Sigmaringen
• Villa Rustica (Lauffen) [de], Heilbronn
• Villa Rustica at Mühlacker^[15]
• Villa Rustica at Nagold^[16][17]
• Villa Rustica (Nürtingen) [de]
• Villa Rustica at Oberndorf-Bochingen^[18][19]
• Villa Rustica (Rommelshausen) [de], Rems-Murr-Kreis
• Römerbad (Weinsberg) [de], Heilbronn
• Villa Rustica (Wiesenbach/Baden) [de], Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
• Römisches Bad (Wurmlingen) [de], Tuttlingen
• Villa Rustica (Zimmerhof) [de], Heilbronn
• Villa Rustica Bietigheim-Weilerlen at Bietigheim-Bissingen, Ludwigsburg

Bavaria

• Villa Rustica (Burgweinting) [de]
• Villa rustica (Denning) [de], Stadt München
• Villa Rustica (Friedberg) [de]
• Villa Rustica at Großberghofen, Dachau
• Villa Rustica (Holheim) [de], Donau-Ries
• Villa Rustica at Hüssingen^[20]
• Villa Rustica Kohlhunden, Ostallgäu^[21]
• Villa Rustica (Leutstetten) [de], Stadt Starnberg
• Villa Rustica (Möckenlohe) [de] (Naturpark Altmühltal)^[22][23]
• Villa Rustica (Nassenfels), Eichstätt
• Villa Rustica (Niederndorf) [de], Freising
• Villa Rustica (Oberndorf) [de]
• Villa Rustica (Oberhaunstadt) [de], Ingolstadt
• Villa Rustica (Peiting), Weilheim-Schongau^[24][25]
• Villa Rustica (Stadtbergen) [de]
• Villa Rustica (Zipfwang) [de], Oberallgäu

Hesse

• Groß-Umstadt-Heubach, Wamboltsches Schlösschen [de]
• Haselburg Roman villa [de], Odenwald
• Rodau, Zwingenberg, "Kleine Weide"^[26]

Northrhine-Westphalia

• Villa rustica (Blankenheim (Ahr)) [de]^[27]
• Villae Rusticae at Eschweiler, Aachen
• Propsteier Villa [de], Eschweiler, Aachen
• Villae Rusticae near Hambach surface mine, Düren
• Villa rustica (Nettersheim-Roderath) [de] at Sollig, Nettersheim-Roderath, Euskirchen

Rheinland-Palatine

Ceiling painting at the Roman villa of Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler

• Villa rustica Weilberg [de], Bad Dürkheim-Ungstein
• Römerhalle (Bad Kreuznach) [de], Bad Kreuznach
• Roman Villa of Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler [de]
• Villa rustica (Bollendorf) [de], Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
• Villa Otrang [de], Fließem, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
• Villa Rustica at Sarresdorf (Gerolstein)^[28]
• Villa Rustica (Kempten bei Bingen) [de], Mainz-Bingen
• Villa Rustica at Herschweiler-Pettersheim, Kusel^[29]
• Roman estate at Lösnich [de]
• Villa Urbana in Longuich [de]
• Villa Rustica (Mehring) [de] (Mosel), Trier-Saarburg
• Villa rustica (Wachenheim) [de]
• Villa Rustica (Weiler bei Bingen) [de], Mainz-Bingen
• Villa rustica (Wasserliesch) [de], Trier-Saarburg

Saarland

• Roman Villa Borg
• Reinheim
• Roman villa at Nennig

Serbia

• Village Gornja Bukovica.Valjevo, villa rustica IV century A.D.^[30]

Switzerland

Aargau

• Villa Rustica (Bellikon) [de]
• Villa Rustica (Oberentfelden) [de]
• Villa Rustica (Oberlunkhofen) [de]
• Villa rustica (Zofingen) [de]

Basel-Landschaft

• Villa Rustica (Bennwil) [de]
• Villa Rustica (Munzach) [de]

Genf

• Villa Rustica (Bernex) [de]

Jura

• Villa Rustica (Vicques JU) [de]

Solothurn

• Villa rustica (Biberist-Spitalhof) [de]
• Villa rustica (Breitholz) [de]

Waadt

• Villa romaine du Prieuré [fr]

Zürich

• Irgenhausen Castrum (built on the remains of a former villa rustica)
• Villa in Wetzikon - Kempten^[31]
• Villa Rustica (Buchs) [de]
• Villa Rustica (Kloten) [de]
• Villa Rustica (Oberweningen) [de]
• Villa Rustica (Seeb) [de]

References

1. Varro, de Rustica I.11, 13
2. Columella I.4 § 6
3. Annalia Marzano: Roman villas in central Italy: a social and economic history. Brill 2007, ISBN 978-90-04-16037-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
4. Alfred Frazer: The Roman villa: villa urbana. UPenn Museum of Archaeology 1998, ISBN 978-0-924171-59-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
5. Alexander Gordon McKay: Houses, villas, and palaces in the Roman world . JHU Press 1998, ISBN 978-0-8018-5904-5 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
6. John T. Smith: Roman Villas. A Study in Social Structure. Routledge, London, 1997. ISBN 0-415-16719-1
7. John Percival: The Roman Villa. A Historical Introduction. Batsford, London, 1988 (Paperback)
8. Pliny, II.17
9. Die Römer am Wolfartsberg. (Heimatblätter des Heimat- und Kulturvereines Haueneberstein e.V., Nr. 3). haueneberstein.de Archived February 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
10. "Willkommen". www.eigeltingia.de.
11. Gerhard Hoffmann: Spuren früher Zeiten – Funde und Fundstätten im Landkreis Rastatt. Eine Materialkunde zur Vor und Frühgeschichte. Bestandsaufnahme und Dokumentation. (Sonderveröffentlichungen des Kreisarchivs Rastatt, Band 5). Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher u. a. 2007, ISBN 978-3-89735-495-1. (Abstract) Archived March 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
12. gastgeber-hessen.de^{[permanent dead link‍]}
13. ka.stadtwiki.net
14. W.M.Werner. "Langenau: villa rustica". www.archaeologie-bw.de.
15. Geiges, Thomas. "Mühlacker: Römische Villa Rustica in Enzberg". www.muehlacker.de.
16. "Stadt Nagold - Remigiuskirche". www.nagold.de. Archived from the original on 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
17. naturparkschwarzwald.de Archived February 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
18. W.M.Werner. "Villa rustica von Oberndorf-Bochingen". www.archaeologie-bw.de.
19. "denkmalpflege-bw.de". Archived from the original on 2012-09-18. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
20. Informationszentrum Naturpark Altmühltal in Trägerschaft des Landkreises Eichstätt. "Römischer Bauernhof". Retrieved 2015-07-05.
21. "Kohlhunden.html". www.kaluwi.de.
22. Scheuerer, Kurt. "Römervilla Möckenlohe". www.roemervilla-moeckenlohe.de.
23. altmuehltal.de Archived February 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
24. "Villa Rustica Peiting". Pfaffenwinkel. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-07-05.
25. Alpenland in Römerhand. "Peiting". Retrieved 2015-06-02.
26. "Kein Ackerbau über der "Villa rustica" Rodau - Bergsträßer Anzeiger".
27. roemervilla-blankenheim.de Archived February 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
28. "Grundriß einer römischen Villa Rustica, Sarresdorf, Gerolstein, Gerolstein - Datenbank der Kulturgüter in der Region Trier". www.roscheiderhof.de.
29. "Herzlich willkommen - Pfälzer Bergland". kuseler-musikantenland.de. Archived from the original on 2012-07-11.
30. Rimski lokaliteti valjevskog kraja Archived April 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
31. Horisberger, Beat; Hedinger, Bettina; Hoek, Florian; Büsser, Roger (2007). Römisches Landleben im Zürcher Oberland - Die Römer in Wetzikon (in German). Frauenfeld, Stuttgart, Wien: Verlag Huber. ISBN 978-3-7193-1441-5.

External links

• Villa Rustica - open-air museum at Hechingen (Germany)