Adrianople vilayet
First-level administrative division of the Ottoman Empire From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
First-level administrative division of the Ottoman Empire From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Vilayet of Adrianople or Vilayet of Edirne (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت ادرنه; Vilâyet-i Edirne)[3] was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire.
Vilayet of Adrianople ولايت ادرنه Vilâyet-i Edirne | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire | |||||||||||||
1867–1922 | |||||||||||||
Flag | |||||||||||||
The Adrianople Vilayet in 1900 | |||||||||||||
Capital | Adrianople (Edirne)[1] | ||||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||||
• Coordinates | 41.16°N 26.32°E | ||||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||||
• Muslim, 1914[2] | 360,411 | ||||||||||||
• Greek, 1914[2] | 224,680 | ||||||||||||
• Armenian, 1914[2] | 19,773 | ||||||||||||
• Jewish, 1914[2] | 22,515 | ||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||
1867 | |||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1922 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Today part of | Turkey Greece Bulgaria |
Prior to 1878, the vilayet had an area of 26,160 square miles (67,800 km2)[4][5] and extended all the way to the Balkan Mountains. However, by virtue of the Treaty of Berlin (1878), the Sanjak of İslimye, most of the Sanjak of Filibe and a small part of the Sanjak of Edirne (the Kızılağaç kaza and Monastır nahiya) were carved out of it to create the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia, with a total area of 32,978 km2.[6] The province unified peacefully with the Principality of Bulgaria in 1885.
The rest of the vilayet was split between Turkey and Greece in 1923, culminating in the formation of Western and Eastern Thrace after World War I as part of the Treaty of Lausanne. A smaller portion had already gone to Bulgaria by virtue of the Treaty of Bucharest (1913) following the Balkan wars. In the late 19th century, it bordered on the Istanbul Vilayet, the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara in the east, on the Salonica Vilayet in the west, on Eastern Rumelia (Bulgarian since 1885) in the north and on the Aegean Sea in the south. Sometimes the area is also described as Southern Thrace,[7] or Adrianopolitan Thrace.[8]
After the city of Adrianople (Edirne in Turkish; pop. in 1905 about 80,000), the principal towns were Rodosto (now Tekirdağ) (35,000), Gelibolu (25,000), Kırklareli (16,000), İskeçe (14,000), Çorlu (11,500), Dimetoka (10,000), Enez (8000), Gümülcine (8000) and Dedeağaç (3000).[1]
Sanjaks of the Vilayet:[9]
Total population of the Adrianople Vilayet by ethnoconfessional groups according to French orientalist Ubicini on the basis of the official Ottoman Census of the Vilayet in 1875:[10]
Population | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Muslims | 603,110 | 37.83% |
—Muslims | 557,692 | 34.98% |
—Muslim Romani | 45,418 | 2.84% |
Christians | 974,644 | 61.14% |
—Bulgar millet & Rum millet | 937,054 | 58.78% |
—Ermeni millet | 16,194 | 1.02% |
—Roman Catholics | 12,144 | 0.76% |
—Christian Romani | 9,252 | 0.58% |
Yahudi millet | 16,432 | 1.03% |
GRAND TOTAL | 1,594,186 | 100% |
Total population of the Adrianople Vilayet (including Eastern Rumelia) in 1878 according to the Turkish author Kemal Karpat:[11]
Group | POPULATION |
---|---|
Bulgarians | 40% (526,691) |
Other Christians | 22% (283,603) |
Muslims | 39% (503,058) |
TOTAL Adrianople Vilayet | 100% (1,304,352) |
Population of various ethnoconfessonal communities in the Vilayet and its sanjaks according to the 1906/7 Ottoman census, in thousands, adjusted to round numbers.[12] The communities are counted according to the Millet System of the Ottoman Empire rather than by the mother tongue. Thus, some Bulgarian-speakers were included in the Greek Rum millet and counted as Greeks, while the Muslim millet included Turks and Pomaks (Bulgarian speaking Muslims).
Groups | Edirne | Gümülcine | Kırklareli | Dedeağac | Tekirdağ | Gelibolu | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Muslims | 154 | 240 | 78 | 44 | 77 | 26 | 619 |
Greeks | 103 | 22 | 71 | 28 | 53 | 65 | 341 |
Bulgarians | 57 | 29 | 30 | 29 | 6 | 1 | 162 |
Jews | 16 | 1 | 2 | – | 3 | 2 | 24 |
Armenians | 5 | – | - | – | 19 | 1 | 26 |
Others | 2 | - | – | - | 1 | - | 2 |
Total | 317 | 292 | 181 | 89 | 159 | 96 | 1,176 |
A publication from December 21, 1912, in the Belgian magazine Ons Volk Ontwaakt (Our Nation Awakes) estimated 1,006,500 inhabitants:[13]
Male population of the Filibe Sanjak of the Adrianople Vilayet in 1876 according to the British R. J. Moore: [14] [15]
Turks | Muslim Gypsies | Christian Gypsies | Bulgarians | Greeks | Armenians | Jews | KAZA TOTAL | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Filibe kaza | 28% (35,400) | 4% (5,474) | 0% (495) | 63% (80,107) | 3% (3,700) | 0% (380) | 1% (691) | 100% (126,247) |
Tatar Pazardzhik kaza | 23% (10,805) | 4% (2,120) | 1% (579) | 70% (33,395) | 1% (300) | 0% (94) | 1% (344) | 100% (47,637) |
Hasköy kaza | 55% (33,323) | 3% (1,548) | 0% (145) | 42% (25,503) | 0% (0) | 0% (3) | 0% (65) | 100% (60,587) |
Zagora kaza | 20% (6,677) | 3% (989) | 0% (70) | 75% (24,857) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 2% (740) | 100% (33,333) |
Kazanlak kaza | 46% (14,365) | 4% (1,384) | 0% (24) | 48% (14,906) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 1% (219) | 100% (30,898) |
Chirpan kaza | 24% (5,157) | 2% (420) | 0% (88) | 74% (15,959) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 100% (21,624) |
Sultan-Jeri kaza | 97% (13,336) | 1% (159) | 0% (0) | 2% (262) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 100% (13,757) |
Akcselebi kaza | 59% (8,197) | 3% (377) | 0% (0) | 38% (5,346) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 100% (13,920) |
TOTAL Filibe Sanjak | 37% (127,260) | 4% (12,471) | 0% (1,401) | 58% (200,335) | 1% (4,000) | 0% (477) | 1% (2,059) | 100% (348,000) |
Male population of İslimiye sanjak of Adrianople Vilayet in 1873 according to Ottoman almanacs: [16]
Community | Population |
---|---|
Muslims | 37,200 (47%) |
Non-Muslims | 46,961 (53%) |
TOTAL Islimiye sanjak | 100% (84,161) |
Male population of İslimiye sanjak of Adrianople Vilayet in 1875 according to British R.J. Moore: [17]
Community | Population |
---|---|
Muslims | 42% (44,747) |
Non-Muslims | 58% (60,854) |
TOTAL Islimiye sanjak | 100% (105,601) |
Total population of the Sanjak of Gümülcine of the Adrianople Vilayet In the 19th century:[18]
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