Isotopes of vanadium

Naturally occurring vanadium (₂₃V) is composed of one stable isotope ⁵¹V and one radioactive isotope ⁵⁰V with a half-life of 2.71×10¹⁷ years. 24 artificial radioisotopes have been characterized (in the range of mass number between 40 and 65) with the most stable being ⁴⁹V with a half-life of 330 days, and ⁴⁸V with a half-life of 15.9735 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives shorter than an hour, the majority of them below 10 seconds, the least stable being ⁴²V with a half-life shorter than 55 nanoseconds, with all of the isotopes lighter than it, and none of the heavier, have unknown half-lives. In 4 isotopes, metastable excited states were found (including 2 metastable states for ⁶⁰V), which adds up to 5 meta states.

Isotopes of vanadium (₂₃V)

Main isotopes Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 48V synth 16 d β+ 48Ti 49V synth 330 d ε 49Ti 50V 0.25% 2.71×1017 y β+ 50Ti 51V 99.8% stable
Standard atomic weight Ar°(V)
	50.9415±0.0001[1] 50.942±0.001 (abridged)[2]
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The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope ⁵¹V is electron capture. The next most common mode is beta decay. The primary decay products before ⁵¹V are element 22 (titanium) isotopes and the primary products after are element 24 (chromium) isotopes.

List of isotopes

Nuclide [n 1]	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da)[3] [n 2][n 3]	Half-life[4] [n 4][n 5]	Decay mode[4] [n 6]	Daughter isotope [n 7]	Spin and parity[4] [n 8][n 5]	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
	Excitation energy[n 5]							Normal proportion[4]	Range of variation
43V	23	20	42.980766(46)	79.3(24) ms	β+ (>97.5%)	43Ti	7/2−#
					β+, p (<2.5%)	42Sc
44V	23	21	43.9744410(78)	111(7) ms	β+	44Ti	(2)+
					β+, α (?%)	40Ca
44mV	271(9) keV			150(3) ms	β+	44Ti	(6)+
45V	23	22	44.96576850(93)	547(6) ms	β+	45Ti	7/2−
45mV	56.8(6) keV			512(13) ns	IT	45V	(3/2−)
46V	23	23	45.96019739(14)	422.62(5) ms	β+	46Ti	0+
46mV	801.46(10) keV			1.02(7) ms	IT	46V	3+
47V	23	24	46.95490356(12)	32.6(3) min	β+	47Ti	3/2−
48V	23	25	47.9522509(10)	15.9735(25) d	β+	48Ti	4+
49V	23	26	48.94851051(88)	330(15) d	EC	49Ti	7/2−
50V[n 9]	23	27	49.947156681(99)	2.71(13)×1017 y	β+	50Ti	6+	0.00250(10)
51V[n 10]	23	28	50.94395766(10)	Stable			7/2−	0.99750(10)
52V	23	29	51.94477364(17)	3.743(5) min	β−	52Cr	3+
53V	23	30	52.9443349(33)	1.543(14) min	β−	53Cr	7/2−
54V	23	31	53.946432(12)	49.8(5) s	β−	54Cr	3+
54mV	108.0(10) keV			900(500) ns	IT	54V	(5)+
55V	23	32	54.947262(29)	6.54(15) s	β−	55Cr	7/2−#
56V	23	33	55.95042(19)	216(4) ms	β−	56Cr	(1+)
57V	23	34	56.952297(91)	350(10) ms	β−	57Cr	(7/2−)
58V	23	35	57.95660(10)	191(10) ms	β−	58Cr	(1+)
59V	23	36	58.95962(15)	95(6) ms	β− (<97%)	59Cr	(5/2−)
					β−, n (>3%)	58Cr
60V	23	37	59.96448(20)	122(18) ms	β− (>99.9%)	60Cr	3+#
60m1V[n 11]	0(150)# keV			40(15) ms	β−	60Cr	1+#
60m2V	203.7(7) keV			230(24) ns	IT	60V	(4+)
61V	23	38	60.96760(25)	48.2(6) ms	β− (85.5%)	61Cr	(3/2−)
					β−, n (14.5%)	61Cr
62V	23	39	61.97293(28)	33.6(23) ms	β−	62Cr	3+#
63V	23	40	62.97666(37)	19.6(9) ms	β− (<65%)	63Cr	(3/2−,5/2−)
					β−, n (>35%)	62Cr
64V	23	41	63.98248(43)#	15(2) ms	β−	64Cr	(1,2)
64mV	81.0(7) keV			<1 μs	IT	64V
65V	23	42	64.98700(54)#	14# ms [>620 ns]			5/2−#
66V	23	43	65.99324(54)#	10# ms [>620 ns]
67V	23	44	66.99813(64)#	8# ms [>620 ns]			5/2−#
This table header & footer: view

1. ^mV – Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.
5. # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
6. Modes of decay:

   EC:	Electron capture
   IT:	Isomeric transition
   p:	Proton emission

7. Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
8. ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
9. Primordial radionuclide
10. See also Vanadium-51 nuclear magnetic resonance
11. Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.

References

1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Vanadium". CIAAW. 1977.
2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
3. Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
4. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

• Isotope masses from:
  • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
• Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
  • de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
  • Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
• "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
• Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
  • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
  • National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
  • Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
• History of discovery: A. Shore, A. Fritsch, M. Heim, A. Schuh, M. Thoennessen. Discovery of the Vanadium Isotopes. arXiv:0907.1994 (2009).