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Family of fungi From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Ustilaginaceae are a family of smut fungi in the order Ustilaginomycetes. Collectively, the family contains 17 genera and 607 species.[1]
Ustilaginaceae | |
---|---|
Ustilago maydis | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Basidiomycota |
Class: | Ustilaginomycetes |
Order: | Ustilaginales |
Family: | Ustilaginaceae Tul. & C.Tul. (1847) |
Type genus | |
Ustilago (Pers.) Roussel (1806) |
Ustilaginaceae naturally produce a wide range of value-added chemicals (e.g. secondary metabolites, TCA cycle intermediates) with growing biotechnological interest.[2] Reported metabolites are polyols, organic acids, extracellular glycolipids, iron-chelating siderophores and tryptophan derivatives.[3][4] Polyols, such as erythritol (ery) and mannitol, for example, have large markets as sweeteners for diabetics and as facilitating agents for the transportation of pharmaceuticals in medicine.[5] Itaconic, L-malic, succinic, l-itatartaric, and l-2-hydroxyparaconic acid are organic acids produced by many Ustilaginomycetes.[4] Applications for itaconic acid are for example the production of resins, plastics, adhesives, elastomers, coatings, and nowadays itaconate is discussed as a platform chemical in the production of biofuels.[6] Malic acid is used in many food products, primarily as an acidulant.[7] Succinic acid is utilized as a precursor to pharmaceutical ingredients, such as additives, solvents, and polymers, but also as a food additive and dietary supplement.[8] Another category of metabolites produced by smut fungi contains extracellular glycolipids, such as mannosylerythritol lipids and ustilagic acid.[9][10] These lipids have biosurfactant properties and can be used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food applications and are known for their strong fungicidal activity on many species.[3]
With authors and amount of species per genus;[11]
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