FISU World University Games

Not to be confused with FISU World University Championships.

The FISU World University Games, formerly the Universiade, is an international multi-sport event, organized for university athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU). The former name is a portmanteau of the words "University" and "Olympiad".

FISU World University Games
The flag of the International University Sports Federation
Status	active
Genre	sporting event
Frequency	biennial
Location(s)	various
Inaugurated	1959 (1959) (summer) 1960 (1960) (winter)
Organised by	FISU
Website	fisu.net

The Universiade is referred to in English as the World University Games or World Student Games; however, this latter term can also refer to competitions for sub-University grades students. In July 2020 as part of a new branding system by the FISU, it was stated that the Universiade was to be officially branded as the FISU World University Games.^[1]

The most recent summer event was the 2021 Summer World University Games held in Chengdu, China from 28 July – 8 August 2023, after being postponed three times due to the COVID-19 pandemic.^[2] It effectively replaced the 2023 Summer World University Games, that was set to be held in Yekaterinburg, Russia. It was cancelled after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.^[3][4] The most recent winter event was the 2023 Winter World University Games held in Lake Placid, United States from 11 to 21 January 2023, after the 2021 edition scheduled to be held in Lucerne, Switzerland was also cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.^[5][6][7]

Precursors

A student football match held at the 3rd World Festival of Youth and Students

During the 1989 Summer Universiade

During the 2011 Summer Universiade

The idea of a global international sports competition between student-athletes pre-dates the 1949 formation of the International University Sports Federation (FISU), which now hosts the Universiade, and even the first World University Games held in 1923. English peace campaigner Hodgson Pratt was an early advocate of such an event, proposing (and passing) a motion at the 1891 Universal Peace Congress in Rome to create a series of international student conferences in rotating host capital cities, with activities including art and sport. This did not come to pass, but a similar event was created in Germany in 1909 in the form of the Academic Olympia. Five editions were held from 1909 to 1913, all of which were hosted in Germany following the cancellation of an Italy-based event.^[8]

Opening ceremony of the 2017 Summer Universiade

At the start of the 20th century, Jean Petitjean of France began attempting to organise a "University Olympic Games". After discussion with Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Games, Petitjean was convinced not to use the word "Olympic" in the tournament's name.^[8] Petitjean, and later the Confederation Internationale des Etudiants (CIE), was the first to build a series of international events, beginning with the 1923 International Universities Championships. This was followed by the renamed 1924 Summer Student World Championships a year later and two further editions were held in 1927 and 1928. Another name change resulted in the 1930 International University Games. The CIE's International University Games was held four more times in the 1930s before having its final edition in 1947.^[9][10]

A separate group organised an alternative university games in 1939 in Vienna, in post-Anschluss Germany.^[9] The onset of World War II ceased all major international student sport activities and the aftermath also led to division among the movement, as the CIE was disbanded and rival organisations emerged. The Union Internationale des Étudiants (UIE) incorporated a university sports games into the World Festival of Youth and Students from 1947 to 1962, including one separate, unofficial games in 1954. This event principally catered for Eastern European countries.^[11]

After the closure of the CIE and the creation of the first UIE-organised games, FISU came into being in 1949 and held its own first major student sport event the same year in the form of the 1949 Summer International University Sports Week. The Sports Week was held biennially until 1955. Like the CIE's games before it, the FISU events were initially Western-led sports competitions.^[9]

Division between the largely Western European FISU and Eastern European UIE eventually began to dissipate among broadened participation at the 1957 World University Games. This event was not directly organised by either group, instead being organised by Jean Petitjean in France (which remained neutral to the split), but all respective nations from the groups took part. The FISU-organised Universiade became the direct successor to this competition, maintaining the biennial format into the inaugural 1959 Universiade. It was not until the 1957 World University Games that the Soviet Union began to compete in FISU events. That same year, what had previously been a European competition became a truly global one, with the inclusion of Brazil, Japan and the United States among the competing nations. The increased participation ultimately led to the establishment of the Universiade as the primary global student sport championship.^[8][9]

Precursor events

Not recognized by FISU as Universiade or World University Games:

Precursor events

#	Year	Event	Body	Host city	Host country
1	1923	International Universities Championships	CIE	Paris	France
2	1924	Summer Student World Championships	CIE	Warsaw	Poland
3	1927	Summer Student World Championships	CIE	Rome	Italy
4	1928	Summer Student World Championships	CIE	Paris	France
5	1930	International University Games	CIE	Darmstadt	Germany
6	1933	International University Games	CIE	Turin	Italy
7	1935	International University Games	CIE	Budapest	Hungary
8	1937	International University Games	CIE	Paris	France
9	1939	International University Games	CIE	Monte Carlo	Monaco
10	1939	International University Games	NSDStB	Vienna	Germany
11	1947	International University Games	CIE	Paris	France
12	1947	World Festival of Youth and Students	UIE	Prague	Czechoslovakia
13	1949	World Festival of Youth and Students	UIE	Budapest	Hungary
14	1949	Summer International University Sports Week	FISU	Merano	Italy
15	1951	World Festival of Youth and Students	UIE	East Berlin	East Germany
16	1951	Summer International University Sports Week	FISU	Luxembourg	Luxembourg
17	1953	World Festival of Youth and Students	UIE	Bucharest	Romania
18	1953	Summer International University Sports Week	FISU	Dortmund	West Germany
19	1955	World Festival of Youth and Students	UIE	Warsaw	Poland
20	1955	Summer International University Sports Week	FISU	San Sebastián	Spain
21	1957	World Festival of Youth and Students	UIE	Moscow	Soviet Union
22	1957	World University Games	PUC	Paris	France
23	1959	World Festival of Youth and Students	UIE	Vienna	Austria
24	1962	World Festival of Youth and Students	UIE	Helsinki	Finland

Editions

Summer Games

1963

1967

1979

1983

1985

1993

1995

2001

2003

2007

2011

2013

2015

2017

2021

2027

2029

Locations of host cities of the Summer World University Games (excluding those in Europe)

1959,1970

1961, 1977

1965

1973

1975

1981

1987

1989

2025

1991

1997

1999

2005

2009

2013

2019

Locations of host cities of the Summer World University Games (in Europe)

Overview of summer Universiade events

Games	Year	Host country	Host city	Opened by	Dates	Nations	Competitors	Sports	Events	Top nation
1	1959	Italy	Turin	Giovanni Gronchi	26 August – 7 September	43	985	7	60	Italy
2	1961	Bulgaria	Sofia	Dimitar Ganev	25 August – 3 September	32	1,270	9	68	Soviet Union
3	1963	Brazil	Porto Alegre	Paulo de Tarso Santos	30 August – 8 September	27	713	9	70	Hungary
4	1965	Hungary	Budapest	István Dobi	20–30 August	32	1,729	9	74	Hungary
5	1967	Japan	Tokyo	Hirohito	27 August – 4 September	37	958	10	83	United States
6	1970	Italy	Turin[a]	Giuseppe Saragat	26 August – 6 September	58	2,084	9	82	Soviet Union
7	1973	Soviet Union	Moscow	Leonid Brezhnev	15–25 August	61	2,773	10	111	Soviet Union
8	1975	Italy	Rome[b]	Giovanni Leone	18–21 August	38	468	1	38	Soviet Union
9	1977	Bulgaria	Sofia	Todor Zhivkov	17–28 August	78	2,939	10	101	Soviet Union
10	1979	Mexico	Mexico City	José López Portillo	2–13 September	94	3,074	10	97	Soviet Union
11	1981	Romania	Bucharest	Nicolae Ceaușescu	19–30 July	82	2,912	10	133	Soviet Union
12	1983	Canada	Edmonton	Prince Charles	1–12 July	73	2,382	10	118	Soviet Union
13	1985	Japan	Kobe	Akihito	24 August – 4 September	105	2,383	11	123	Soviet Union
14	1987	Yugoslavia	Zagreb	Lazar Mojsov	8–19 July	121	3,398	12	139	United States
15	1989	West Germany	Duisburg[c]	Helmut Kohl	22–30 August	79	1,785	4	66	Soviet Union
16	1991	United Kingdom	Sheffield	Anne, Princess Royal	14–25 July	101	3,346	11	119	United States
17	1993	United States	Buffalo	Primo Nebiolo	8–18 July	117	3,547	12	135	United States
18	1995	Japan	Fukuoka	Naruhito	23 August – 3 September	162	3,949	12	144	United States
19	1997	Italy	Sicily	Oscar Luigi Scalfaro	19–31 August	124	3,496	10	129	United States
20	1999	Spain	Palma de Mallorca	Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo	3–13 July	125	4,076	12	142	United States
21	2001	China	Beijing	Jiang Zemin	22 August – 1 September	165	4,484	12	170	China
22	2003	South Korea	Daegu	Roh Moo-hyun	21–31 August	173	4,460	13	189	China
23	2005	Turkey	İzmir	Ahmet Necdet Sezer	11–22 August	131	5,346	14	195	Russia
24	2007	Thailand	Bangkok	Vajiralongkorn	8–18 August	151	6,093	15	236	China
25	2009	Serbia	Belgrade	Mirko Cvetković	1–12 July	122	5,566	15	203	Russia
26	2011	China	Shenzhen	Hu Jintao	12–23 August	151	7,156	24	302	China
27	2013	Russia	Kazan	Vladimir Putin	6–17 July	159	7,966	27	351	Russia
28	2015	South Korea	Gwangju	Park Geun-hye	3–14 July	140	7,432	21	274	South Korea
29	2017	Chinese Taipei[d]	Taipei	Tsai Ing-wen	19–30 August	134	7,377	22	272	Japan
30	2019	Italy	Naples[e]	Sergio Mattarella	3–14 July	109	5,899	18	220	Japan
31	2021	China	Chengdu	Xi Jinping	28 July – 8 August 2023[f]	116	5,056	18	268	China
–	2023	Russia	Yekaterinburg	Cancelled due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
32	2025	Germany	Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region		16–27 July			18	234
33	2027	South Korea	Chungcheong Province		1-12 August			18	242
34	2029	United States	North Carolina[12]		11-22 July			18	222

1. Originally scheduled for Lisbon, Portugal in 1969.
2. Originally scheduled for Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
3. Originally scheduled for São Paulo, Brazil.
4. The Republic of China (Taiwan) is recognised as Chinese Taipei by the FISU and the majority of international organisations it participates in due to political considerations and Cross-Strait relations with the People's Republic of China.
5. Originally scheduled for Brasília, Brazil.
6. Originally scheduled to be held on 15–27 August 2021 and 25 June – 7 July 2022, but was postponed twice due to the COVID-19 pandemic. With the eventual cancellation of the 2023 Games in Yekaterinburg due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, this edition replaced the 2023 event.

Winter Games

2017

2019

1972, 2023

1991

1997

2009

Locations of host cities of the Winter World University Games (excluding those in Europe)

1960

1962

1964, 1978

1966

1968, 2005

1970

1975

1985

1987, 2015

1981, 1995

1983,1989

1993, 2001

1999

2003

2005

2007, 2025

2011

2013

2015

2015

2021

Locations of host cities of the Winter World University Games (in Europe)

Winter World University Games editions

Games	Year	Host country	Host city	Opened by	Dates	Nations	Competitors	Sports	Events	Top nation
											1	1960	France	Chamonix	Charles de Gaulle	28 February – 6 March	16	151	5	13	France
2	1962	Switzerland	Villars	Paul Chaudet	6–12 March	22	273	6	12	West Germany
3	1964	Czechoslovakia	Špindlerův Mlýn	Antonín Novotný	11–17 February	21	285	5	15	West Germany
4	1966	Italy	Sestriere	Giuseppe Saragat	5–13 February	29	434	6	19	Soviet Union
5	1968	Austria	Innsbruck	Franz Jonas	21–28 January	26	424	7	23	Soviet Union
6	1970	Finland	Rovaniemi	Urho Kekkonen	3–9 April	25	421	7	24	Soviet Union
7	1972	United States	Lake Placid	Richard Nixon	26 February – 5 March	23	351	7	25	Soviet Union
8	1975	Italy	Livigno	Giovanni Leone	6–13 April	15	143	2	13	Soviet Union
9	1978	Czechoslovakia	Špindlerův Mlýn	Gustáv Husák	5–12 February	21	260	4	16	Soviet Union
10	1981	Spain	Jaca	Juan Carlos I	25 February – 4 March	28	394	5	19	Soviet Union
11	1983	Bulgaria	Sofia	Todor Zhivkov	17–27 February	31	535	7	21	Soviet Union
12	1985	Italy	Belluno	Sandro Pertini	16–24 February	29	538	7	30	Soviet Union
13	1987	Czechoslovakia	Štrbské Pleso	Gustáv Husák	21–28 February	28	596	6	25	Czechoslovakia
14	1989	Bulgaria	Sofia	Todor Zhivkov	2–12 March	32	681	8	40	Soviet Union
15	1991	Japan	Sapporo	Naruhito	2–10 March	34	668	8	45	Japan
16	1993	Poland	Zakopane	Lech Wałęsa	6–14 February	41	668	8	36	Japan
17	1995	Spain	Jaca	Juan Carlos I	18–28 February	41	765	8	35	South Korea
18	1997	South Korea	Muju-Jeonju	Kim Young-sam	24 January – 2 February	48	877	9	51	Japan
19	1999	Slovakia	Poprad-Vysoké Tatry	Rudolf Schuster	22–30 January	40	929	9	52	Russia
20	2001	Poland	Zakopane	Aleksander Kwaśniewski	7–17 February	41	1,007	9	52	Russia
21	2003	Italy	Tarvisio	Renzo Tondo	16–26 January	46	1,266	10	59	Russia
22	2005	Austria	Innsbruck-Seefeld	Heinz Fischer	12–22 January	50	1,449	12	68	Austria
23	2007	Italy	Turin	George Killian	17–27 January	48	1,668	11	72	South Korea
24	2009	China	Harbin	Liu Yandong	18–28 February	44	1,545	12	81	China
25	2011	Turkey	Erzurum	Abdullah Gül	27 January – 6 February	52	1,593	11	66	Russia
26	2013	Italy	Trentino	Ugo Rossi	11–21 December [a]	50	1,698	12	79	Russia
27	2015	Slovakia	Štrbské Pleso–Osrblie [b]	Andrej Kiska	24 January – 1 February	42	1,546	11	68	Russia
		Spain	Granada	Felipe VI	4–14 February
28	2017	Kazakhstan	Almaty	Nursultan Nazarbayev	29 January – 8 February	57	1,620	12	85	Russia
29	2019	Russia	Krasnoyarsk	Vladimir Putin	2–12 March	68	1,692	11	76	Russia
30	2021	Switzerland	Lucerne	Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic
31	2023	United States	Lake Placid[13]	Kathy Hochul	12–22 January	47	1,417	12	85	Japan
32	2025	Italy	Turin		13–23 January			11	96
33	2027	TBA
34	2029	TBA

1. Originally scheduled for Maribor, Slovenia.
2. Due to environmental problems in Granada, the Nordic skiing events were transferred to Slovakia.

Sports

See also: Sports at the FISU World University Games

Summer Games

Unlike other sporting events, the World University Games are recognized for the flexibility in their program, as since the second edition held in 1961, it has been up to the Organizing Committee and the National University Sports Federation of the host country to choose sports or optional competitions. according to their local reality and demands, there is a list of mandatory sports that are defined by the International University Sports Federation and could be reviewed at the end of each edition.As the event also serves as World University Championship in those sports. At the first edition held in Turin in 1959, only 8 sports were in the sporting program (athletics, basketball, fencing, gymnastics, swimming, tennis, volleyball and water polo). The first sport to be considered optional was diving, which was added to the second edition held in Sofia, Bulgaria in 1961. In addition, optional events were added in basketball and volleyball, when women's tournaments were played. In Porto Alegre 1963 the woman's basketball was dropped from the sporting program. In 1967, the third World University Judo Championship was held in Tokyo and was integrated into the fifth edition of the Summer Universiade as an extra sport, thus gaining the status of an optional sport and thus inaugurating a new type of sport at the event, which is that of the optional sport. Therefore, the sport with this status is not part of the fixed program and could be in current edition, but not necessarily in the next one.

Compulsory sports

Team sports

1. Basketball at the Summer Universiade
2. Volleyball at the Summer Universiade
3. Water polo at the Summer Universiade

Individual sports

1. Athletics at the Summer Universiade
2. Swimming at the Summer Universiade Swimming is compulsory event since the first edition in 1959. Open water events were held in 2011,2013,2015 and 2017.
3. Diving at the Summer Universiade
4. Gymnastics at the Summer Universiade (artistic and rhythmic) Gymnastics (Artistic) was an optional sport in 1961, turned compulsory in 1963. Rhythmic was an optional sport in 1991,1995 and 1997. Turned compulsory in 2001.Aerobics event was held as optional event in 2011.
5. Fencing at the Summer Universiade
6. Tennis at the Summer Universiade
7. Table tennis at the Summer Universiade – Compulsory since 2007. Optional sport in 2001.
8. Judo at the Summer Universiade – Compulsory since 2007. Optional sport in 1967, 1985, 1995, 1999, 2001 and 2003.
9. Taekwondo at the Summer Universiade – Compulsory since 2015. Optional sport in 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 and 2011.
10. Archery at the Summer Universiade – Compulsory since 2019. Optional sport in 2003, 2005, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017.
11. Badminton at the Summer Universiade – Compulsory since 2021. Optional sport in 2007, 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017.

Optional sports

Team sports

1. Baseball at the Summer Universiade – 5 times (1993, 1995, 2015 and 2017,scheduled for 2029)
2. Beach volleyball at the Summer Universiade – 4 times (2011, 2013, scheduled for 2025 and 2027)
3. Field hockey at the Summer Universiade – 2 times (1991, 2013)
4. Rugby sevens at the Summer Universiade – 3 times (2013, 2019 scheduled for 2029)
5. Basketball at the Summer Universiade (3x3 basketball) – scheduled for 2025
6. Handball at the Summer Universiade – 1 time (2015)
7. Softball at the Summer Universiade – 1 time (2007 scheduled for 2029)

Individual sports

1. Rowing at the Summer Universiade – 7 times (1987, 1989, 1993, 2013, 2015, 2021 and scheduled for 2025 and 2027)
2. Shooting at the Summer Universiade – 6 times (2007, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2019 and 2021)
3. Wrestling at the Summer Universiade – 5 times (1973, 1977, 1981, 2005, 2013)
4. Golf at the Summer Universiade – 4 times (2007, 2011, 2015, 2017 and scheduled for 2029)
5. Sailing at the Summer Universiade – 4 times (1999, 2005, 2011, 2019)
6. Weightlifting at the Summer Universiade – 3 times (2011, 2013, 2017)
7. Canoeing at the Summer Universiade – 2 times (1987, 2013)
8. Chess at the Summer Universiade – 2 times (2011, 2013)
9. Cycling at the Summer Universiade – 2 times (1983, 2011)
10. Wushu at the Summer Universiade – 2 times (2017, 2021)
11. Belt wrestling at the Summer Universiade – 1 time (2013)
12. Boxing at the Summer Universiade – 1 time (2013)
13. Roller sports at the Summer Universiade – 1 time (2017)
14. Sambo at the Summer Universiade – 1 time (2013)
15. Synchronized swimming at the Summer Universiade – 1 time (2013)

Removed sports

1. Football at the Summer Universiade – Obsolescent since 2019,after the creation of FISU World Cup Optional sport in 1979, compulsory from 1985 to 2019.

Winter Games

Since 1960 until 1989, limited and fixed sports were held. Since 1991 Winter Universiade the host is allowed to choose some sports that are approved by FISU as optional sports.

Compulsory sports

Team sports

1. Curling at the Winter Universiade – Compulsory since 2007. Optional sport in 2003.
2. Ice hockey at the Winter Universiade – Compulsory since 1966. Optional sport in 1962.

Individual sports

1. Alpine skiing at the Winter Universiade
2. Biathlon at the Winter Universiade – Compulsory since 1997. Optional sport in 1983, 1989, 1993, 1997 and 1999.
3. Cross-country skiing at the Winter Universiade
4. Figure skating at the Winter Universiade – Compulsory since 1981. Optional sport in 1960, 1962, 1964, 1966 and 1968.
5. Freestyle skiing at the Winter Universiade – Compulsory since 2023. Optional sport in 2005, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2019.
6. Snowboarding at the Winter Universiade – Compulsory since 1999. Optional sport in 1995 and 1997.
7. Ski-orienteering at the Winter Universiade – Compulsory since 2027. Optional sport in 2019,special status in 2025 and compulsory starting in 2027
8. Short track speed skating at the Winter Universiade – Compulsory since 1997. Optional sport in 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993 and 1995.

Optional sports

Team sports

1. Bandy at the Winter Universiade – 1 time (2019)

Individual sports

1. Nordic combined at the Winter Universiade – 27 times (1960–1970, 1978, 1981–2023). Compulsory sport from 1960 to 1970, and from 1981 to 2007; optional in 1972, 1978, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2023.
2. Ski jumping at the Winter Universiade – 25 times (1960–1972, 1978, 1981–2017). Compulsory sport from 1960 to 1970, and between 1981 and 2007; optional in 1972, 1978, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2023.
3. Ski mountaineering at the Winter Universiade – 1 time scheduled for 2025.
4. Skeleton at the Winter Universiade – 1 time (2005)

Special sport status

1. Speed skating at the Winter Universiade – 11 times (1968–2023). Sport with special status (1968, 1970, 1972, 1991, 1997, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2013, 2017, 2023).

Medals

See also: All-time Universiade medal table

Summer Games

Rank	NUSF	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	China (CHN)	548	346	293	1,187
2	United States (USA)	493	446	417	1,356
3	Russia (RUS)	430	364	419	1,213
4	Soviet Union (URS)*	409	337	251	997
5	Japan (JPN)	370	364	478	1,212
6	South Korea (KOR)	260	221	284	765
7	Italy (ITA)	212	225	284	721
8	Ukraine (UKR)	182	185	179	546
9	Romania (ROU)	148	132	149	429
10	Hungary (HUN)	120	105	121	346
Totals (10 entries)		3,172	2,725	2,875	8,772

Winter Games

Rank	NUSF	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Russia (RUS)	207	188	180	575
2	South Korea (KOR)	121	86	78	285
3	Japan (JPN)	112	119	106	337
4	Soviet Union (URS)*	103	92	67	262
5	China (CHN)	74	66	76	216
6	Italy (ITA)	57	62	71	190
7	France (FRA)	57	57	55	169
8	Poland (POL)	56	65	61	182
9	Czechoslovakia (TCH)*	54	40	25	119
10	Austria (AUT)	51	52	53	156
Totals (10 entries)		892	827	772	2,491

See also

• Sports portal

• International University Sports Federation
• FISU World University Championships
• FISU America Games
• All-Africa University Games
• European Universities Games
• ASEAN University Games
• Gymnasiade
• International Children's Games

References

1. Pavitt, Michael (28 July 2020). "FISU finalises naming system for events". insidethegames.biz. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
2. "Chengdu 2021 FISU World University Games postponed to 2022". www.fisu.net. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
3. "FISU suspends Yekaterinburg hosting rights for 2023 World University Games". 29 April 2022.
4. "FISU World University Summer Games (Universiade)".
5. "Lucerne 2021 Winter Universiade postponed, will not take place in January 2021". FISU. 31 August 2020.
6. Morgan, Liam (6 November 2020). "Lucerne 2021 Winter Universiade rescheduled for December". insidethegames.biz. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
7. "Omicron forces student winter games to cancel". SwissInfo. 29 November 2021.
8. Bell, Daniel (2003). Encyclopedia of International Games. McFarland and Company, Inc. Publishers, Jefferson, North Carolina. ISBN 0-7864-1026-4.
9. World Student Games (pre-Universiade). GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2010-12-10.
10. FISU History Archived 19 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine. FISU. Retrieved on 2014-12-09.
11. World Student Games (UIE). GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2014-12-09.
12. Shaw, Justin (10 January 2023). "North Carolina Wins Bid for 2029 FISU World University Games". SportsTravel. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
13. "Lake Placid set to host 2023 Winter Universiade after MoU signed with FISU". Inside the Games. 6 March 2018.

External links

• Official website
• German University Sports Federation
• Official report of the Winter Universiade Innsbruck / Seefeld 2005
• Yahoo News : 2017 Taipei Universiade, 87% box-office success as the highest ever.