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The Soviet Cup, or USSR Cup (Russian: Кубок СССР),[nb 1] was the premier football cup competition in the Soviet Union conducted by the Football Federation of the Soviet Union. The 1991–92 season of the tournament was known as Soviet/CIS Cup (Russian: Кубок СССР—СНГ). As a knockout tournament it was conducted parallel to the All-Union league competitions in double round-robin format.
| Organising body | Football Federation of the USSR |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1936 |
| Abolished | 1992 |
| Region | Soviet Union |
| Number of teams | 80 (1991–92) |
| Qualifier for | European Cup Winners' Cup (from 1965) |
| Last champions | Spartak Moscow (10th title) |
| Most successful club(s) | Spartak Moscow (10 titles) |
The winner of the competition was awarded a qualification to the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, unless it already qualified for the European Cup, in turn passed the qualification to the finalist. In case if a team would win the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and not win its national league cup titles the next year, it qualified to the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup along with the new cup holder. The first participation in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup took place in 1965–66 when Dynamo Kyiv qualified for the European competition for winning the 1964 Soviet Cup.
On initiative of Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper starting from 1977, the Soviet Cup winner was invited to contest the Soviet Top League winner in a single match competition known as the Season's Cup which served as the Soviet Super Cup but was not considered official.
Format of competitions was constantly changing.
The very first edition of the competition in 1936 was a single-elimination tournament (more precisely sudden-death tournament) throughout all rounds. It was played during the season's summer intermission of the 1936 split season. The tournament consisted of seven rounds starting with the Round of 128.
The first changes took place in the 1938 Soviet Cup when there was introduced a preliminary (qualification) stage as the number of participants grew. The competition still was a single-elimination tournament with only more added rounds (up to 9). The Soviet Cup also featured the 1938 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR. All teams of masters (All-Union league teams) started from the final stage. The competition rounds were in-mixed within the league's playing calendar for the first time. The final stage contained 6 rounds.
In 1939 the competition was expanded as number of participants grew over 6 times. Starting from 1939 the preliminary stage was expanded and included republican football cup for each union republic, winners of which would qualify for the Soviet Cup finals.
In 1940 the competition was split. The league teams (Groups A and B) were scheduled to play for the All-Union Sports Committee Cup, while non-league teams (republican level) were competing in a separate bracket, winner of which would play the All-Union Sports Committee Cup holder. However, due to scheduling issues the All-Union Sports Committee Cup was postponed and never took place.
Involvement of the republican cup winners was suspended after the World War II and reintroduced in 1949. Those winners continued to qualify for the Soviet Cup until 1955 and starting from 1957 they were rerouted to the Soviet Amateur Cup. There is a legend that during that period the competition was nicknamed as the "Cup of Millions".
Until 1984 the Soviet Cup corresponded to the calendar of the whole Soviet football "spring"-"fall", however after that it changed to "fall"-"spring" calendar which synchronized it with the most of Europe.
In 1959-1960 the competition was conducted for two years. From 1965 to 1968 seasons were overlapping each other.
Until 1957, in the tournament participated "teams of physical culture"[1] (Soviet "newspeak" (phraseology) for non-professional, amateur teams). After 1957 teams of physical culture competed in a separate competition known as the Soviet Amateur Cup.[nb 2] Since then, the tournament was restricted to professional clubs (teams of masters) of the All-Union competition (tiers 1 through 3).
In 1979 to 1982 there was a group stage better teams of which would continue in a traditional single-game elimination format.[1]
The 1992 Soviet Cup Final took place after the fall of the Soviet Union in the independent Russia.[2][1][3][4][5]
All tournaments final were played in a single game in Moscow, but until introduction of penalty kicks in early 1970s as a tiebreaker some finals that ended in tie were replayed. Introduction of the penalty shoot-out was adopted for tiebreaker took place in 1972 after such procedure was adopted by FIFA in 1970.
Until 1955 the tournament finals were played at Central Stadium "Dynamo", after being transferred to Central Stadium of Lenin (today Luzhniki Stadium).[citation needed]
The cup itself is an artistically crafted crystal vase in a silver frame. The cup is crowned with a bronze figurine of a football player with a ball. The names of the teams that won the cup are engraved on the lid and base.
The trophy's height is 57 cm (22 in), weight is 6 kg (13 lb). In 1992, after Spartak Moscow won the last USSR Cup, the trophy was given to the club forever.
The cup itself was bought in an ordinary Moscow thrift store.[6] The first chairman of the All-Union Football Section, Aleksei Sokolov, took a liking to the small pitcher, which it was decided to make a transferable trophy.[6][7] Few people knew about the Davis Cup in the Soviet Union at that time, and accusations of plagiarism could not follow by definition.
Together with the All-Union Council on Physical Culture and Sport inspector Morar, Aleksei Sokolov created a sketch of the future prize.[8] The jewelers attached silver legs to the base and built a lid with a small hole on top. There they mounted a figurine of a football player, donated by Raspevin, a great fan of this game. The crystal chest of the trophy was decorated with the coat of arms of the USSR.
All finals were played in the Soviet Union capital, Moscow. In 1936 to 1955 it was Central Dynamo Stadium, while since 1957 it was Luzhniki Stadium which was known then as Lenin Central Stadium. There were also exceptions such as the venue of the final in 1977 and 1987/88 was Dynamo, while in 1978 it was the only time when Torpedo Stadium hosted the final match. The last final match in 1992 at Luzhniki was played following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
While Spartak Moscow is the absolute leader in total number of trophies won, Dinamo Kiev won the most Soviet Cup in those finals played in Luzhniki Stadium. Also, Luzhniki were even favorable to the Western Ukrainian team of Karpaty.
Venues by the number of final matches
- 32 – Lenin Central Stadium, Moscow
- 18 – Dynamo Central Stadium, Moscow
- 1 – Torpedo Stadium, Moscow
| Season | Dates | Teams | Winners | Score | Runners–up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1936 | July 18 – August 28 | 94[nb 3] | Lokomotiv Moscow | 2–0 | Dinamo Tbilisi |
| 1937 | May 23 – July 16 | 125 | Dynamo Moscow | 5–2 | Dinamo Tbilisi |
| 1938 | May 5 – September 14 | 64*[nb 4] | Spartak Moscow | 3–2 | Elektrik Leningrad |
| 1939 | July 29 – September 12 | 49 | Spartak Moscow | 3–1 | Stalinets Leningrad |
| 1940 | September 22 – November 10 | canceled, only its qualification stage had been completed[nb 5] | |||
| 1941 | no competition due to the Nazi Germany aggression against the Soviet Union | ||||
| 1942 | |||||
| 1943 | |||||
| 1944 | July 30 – August 27 | 24 | Zenit Leningrad | 2–1 | CDKA Moscow |
| 1945 | September 9 – October 14 | 32 | CDKA Moscow | 2–1 | Dynamo Moscow |
| 1946 | October 6 – 20 | 16 | Spartak Moscow | 3–2 (a.e.t.) | Dinamo Tbilisi |
| 1947 | June 1 – July 21 | 19*[nb 6] | Spartak Moscow | 2–0 | Torpedo Moscow |
| 1948 | September 25 – October 24 | 20 | CDKA Moscow | 3–0 | Spartak Moscow |
| 1949 | June 16 – November 4 | 54*[nb 7] | Torpedo Moscow | 2–1 | Dynamo Moscow |
| 1950 | September 10 – November 6 | 69 | Spartak Moscow | 3–0 | Dynamo Moscow |
| 1951 | August 11 – October 14 | 51 | CDSA Moscow | 2–1 (a.e.t.) | Kalinin team[a] |
| 1952 | August 21 – November 2 | 50 | Torpedo Moscow | 1–0 | Spartak Moscow |
| 1953 | September 2 – October 10 | 56 | Dynamo Moscow | 1–0 | Zenit Kuybyshev |
| 1954 | August 15 – October 20 | 67 | Dynamo Kyiv | 2–1 | Spartak Yerevan |
| 1955 | May 25 – October 16 | 16*[nb 8] | CDSA Moscow | 2–1 | Dynamo Moscow |
| 1956 | no competition | ||||
| 1957 | April 28 – October 26 | 24*[nb 9] | Lokomotiv Moscow | 1–0 | Spartak Moscow |
| 1958 | June 9 – November 2 | 16*[nb 10] | Spartak Moscow | 1–0 (a.e.t.) | Torpedo Moscow |
| 1959–60 | June 11, 1959 – October 31, 1960 | 32*[nb 11] | Torpedo Moscow | 4–3 (a.e.t.) | Dinamo Tbilisi |
| 1961 | May 9 – October 29 | 64*[nb 12] | Shakhtyor Stalino | 3–1 | Torpedo Moscow |
| 1962 | April 22 – August 11 | 32*[nb 13] | Shakhtyor Donetsk[b] | 2–0 | Znamya Truda Orekhovo-Zuyevo |
| 1963 | April 7 – August 10 | 48*[nb 14] | Spartak Moscow | 2–0 | Shakhtar Donetsk |
| 1964 | April 16 – September 27 | 52*[nb 15] | Dynamo Kyiv | 1–0 | Krylya Sovetov Kuybyshev |
| 1965 | April 4 – August 15 | 56*[nb 16] | Spartak Moscow | 0–0 | Dynamo Minsk |
| 2–1 (a.e.t.) (replay) | |||||
| 1965–66 | April 2, 1965 – November 8, 1966 | 79*[nb 17] | Dynamo Kyiv | 2–0 | Torpedo Moscow |
| 1966–67 | April 23, 1966 – November 8, 1967 | 85*[nb 18] | Dynamo Moscow | 3–0 | CSKA Moscow |
| 1967–68 | March 16, 1967 – November 8, 1968 | 107*[nb 19] | Torpedo Moscow | 1–0 | Pakhtakor Tashkent |
| 1969 | March 23 – August 17 | 32*[nb 20] | Karpaty Lviv | 2–1 | SKA Rostov-on-Don |
| 1970 | March 31 – August 8 | 32*[nb 21] | Dynamo Moscow | 2–1 | Dinamo Tbilisi |
| 1971 | March 6 – August 8 | 38 | Spartak Moscow | 2–2 | SKA Rostov-on-Don |
| 1–0 (replay) | |||||
| 1972 | February 20 – August 13 | 36 | Torpedo Moscow | 0–0 | Spartak Moscow |
| 1–1 (5–1 p) (replay) | |||||
| 1973 | March 4 – October 10 | 36 | Ararat Yerevan | 2–1 (a.e.t.) | Dynamo Kyiv |
| 1974 | March 6 – August 10 | 36 | Dynamo Kyiv | 3–0 (a.e.t.) | Zorya Voroshilovgrad |
| 1975 | March 16 – August 9 | 36 | Ararat Yerevan | 2–1 | Zorya Voroshilovgrad |
| 1976 | March 21 – September 3 | 42 | Dinamo Tbilisi | 3–0 | Ararat Yerevan |
| 1977 | March 27 – August 13 | 48 | Dynamo Moscow | 1–0 | Torpedo Moscow |
| 1978 | March 3 – August 12 | 48 | Dynamo Kyiv | 2–1 (a.e.t.) | Shakhtar Donetsk |
| 1979 | February 28 – August 11 | 48 | Dinamo Tbilisi | 0–0 (5–4 p) | Dynamo Moscow |
| 1980 | February 25 – August 9 | 48 | Shakhtar Donetsk | 2–1 | Dinamo Tbilisi |
| 1981 | February 20 – May 9 | 48 | SKA Rostov-on-Don | 1–0 | Spartak Moscow |
| 1982 | February 19 – May 9 | 40 | Dynamo Kyiv | 1–0 | Torpedo Moscow |
| 1983 | February 19 – May 8 | 40 | Shakhtar Donetsk | 1–0 | Metalist Kharkiv |
| 1984 | February 18 – June 24 | 48 | Dynamo Moscow | 2–0 (a.e.t.) | Zenit Leningrad |
| 1984–85 | 31 July 1984 – 23 June 1985 | 50 | Dynamo Kyiv | 2–1 | Shakhtar Donetsk |
| 1985–86 | June 24, 1985 – May 2, 1986 | 74 | Torpedo Moscow | 1–0 | Shakhtar Donetsk |
| 1986–87 | May 2, 1986 – June 14, 1987 | 80 | Dynamo Kyiv | 3–3 (4–2 p) | Dynamo Minsk |
| 1987–88 | June 6, 1987 – May 28, 1988 | 80 | Metalist Kharkiv | 2–0 | Torpedo Moscow |
| 1988–89 | May 2, 1988 – June 25, 1989 | 80 | Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk | 1–0 | Torpedo Moscow |
| 1989–90 | May 2, 1989 – May 2, 1990 | 80 | Dynamo Kyiv | 6–1 | Lokomotiv Moscow |
| 1990–91 | April 14, 1990 – June 23, 1991 | 78 | CSKA Moscow | 3–2 | Torpedo Moscow |
| 1991–92 | April 17, 1991 – May 10, 1992 | 80 | Spartak Moscow | 2–0[10] | CSKA Moscow |
Notes:
- The "teams" column includes number of participants in the final stage (tournament proper). Those with asterisk (x*) indicates that there was a preliminary (qualification) stage with additional number of participants.
- The team of the Moscow Military District that represented the city of Kalinin and was literally known as the team of the Kalinin City (Russian: команда г. Калинина).
- In November of 1961 the city of Stalino was renamed Donetsk after river Siversky Donets following the so-called de-Stalinization process.
Until 1959-1960 season, the competition was dominated by Muscovite clubs, particularly Spartak and CSKA. Unlike the round-robin competitions, Dinamo Kiev was not as successful yet managed to get as close as possible to Spartak surpassing all other clubs out of Moscow and other Soviet cities. The first non-Moscow team that won the trophy was Zenit Leningrad which won it in the first post war season of 1944. It became the single achievement for the team out of the "northern capital". In 1961 and 1962, the competition was won back-to-back by Shakhter Donetsk which became a unique achievement. In 1969, Karpaty Lvov won the competition while playing in the second tier (Pervaya Liga) by beating SKA Rostov-na-Donu in Moscow. In 1970s teams from the Caucasus region (Dinamo Tbilisi and Ararat Yerevan) have shown good performance winning 4 trophies with 2 for each.
The only other than Moscow or Leningrad teams from Russian SFSR that won the Soviet Cup was SKA Rostov-na-Donu in 1981. Twice reached the finals but did not manage to win it were Krylya Sovetov Kuibyshev, Dinamo Minsk, Zaria Voroshilovgrad.
Performance by club
| Club | Winners | Runners-Up | Semi-finalists | Years Won |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Spartak Moscow |
10* | 5 | 7 | 1938, 1939, 1946, 1947, 1950, 1958, 1963, 1965, 1971, 1992* |
 Dinamo Kiev |
9 | 1 | 4 | 1954, 1964, 1966, 1974, 1978, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1990 |
| Torpedo Moscow |
6 | 9 | 5 | 1949, 1952, 1960, 1968, 1972, 1986 |
| Dinamo Moscow |
6 | 5 | 10 | 1937, 1953, 1967, 1970, 1977, 1984 |
| CSKA Moscow |
5 | 3 | 11 | 1945, 1948, 1951, 1955, 1991 |
| Shakhter Donetsk |
4 | 4 | 6 | 1961, 1962, 1980, 1983 |
 Dinamo Tbilisi |
2 | 6 | 7 | 1976, 1979 |
 Ararat Yerevan |
2 | 2 | 2 | 1973, 1975 |
| Lokomotiv Moscow |
2 | 1 | 7 | 1936, 1957 |
| Zenit Leningrad |
1 | 2 | 7 | 1944 |
| SKA Rostov-na-Donu |
1 | 2 | 0 | 1981 |
| Metallist Kharkov |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1988 |
| Karpaty Lvov |
1 | 0 | 2 | 1969 |
| Dnepr Dnepropetrovsk |
1 | 0 | 5 | 1989 |
| Krylya Sovetov Kuibyshev |
0 | 2 | 2 | |
 Dinamo Minsk |
0 | 2 | 2 | |
| Zaria Voroshilovgrad |
0 | 2 | 1 | |
| Elektrik Leningrad |
0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Kalinin city team |
0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Znamia Truda Orekhovo-Zuyevo |
0 | 1 | 0 | |
 Pakhtakor Tashkent |
0 | 1 | 0 | |
 Neftchi Baku |
0 | 0 | 4 | |
| Dinamo Leningrad |
0 | 0 | 3 | |
| Dinamo Tashkent |
0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Rotor Volgograd |
0 | 0 | 1 | |
| VSS Moscow |
0 | 0 | 1 | |
| SKA Kiev |
0 | 0 | 1 | |
| SKA Odessa |
0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Admiralteyets Leningrad |
0 | 0 | 1 | |
 Qairat Almaty |
0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Chernomorets Odessa |
0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Sokol Saratov |
0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Sudostroitel Nikolayev |
0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Iskra Smolensk |
0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Tavriya Simferopol |
0 | 0 | 1 | |
 Žalgiris Vilnius |
0 | 0 | 1 | |
 Pamir Dushanbe |
0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Fakel Voronezh |
0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Total | 51 | 51 | 102 |
- Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 25, 1991, clubs from around the fallen Soviet Union refused their further participation among which were Ukrainian clubs who effectively forfeiting their chances at the Cup, Belarusian Dinamo Minsk, Kazakhstani Khimik Dzhambul, and others, leaving only Pamir Dushanbe as the non-Russian club still in the competition.
Performance by republic
| Republic | Winners | Runners-up | Semi-finals | Winning clubs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russian SFSR |
31 | 32 | 59 | Spartak Moscow (10), Dinamo Moscow (6), Torpedo Moscow (6), CSKA Moscow (5), Lokomotiv Moscow (2), Zenit Leningrad (1), SKA Rostov-na-Donu (1) |
| Ukrainian SSR |
16 | 8 | 24 | Dinamo Kiev (9), Shakhter Donetsk (4), Metallist Kharkov (1), Karpaty Lvov (1), Dnepr Dnepropetrovsk (1) |
| Georgian SSR |
2 | 6 | 7 | Dinamo Tbilisi (2) |
| Armenian SSR |
2 | 2 | 2 | Ararat Yerevan (2) |
| Byelorussian SSR |
0 | 2 | 2 | |
| Uzbek SSR |
0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Azerbaijan SSR |
0 | 0 | 4 | |
| Kazakh SSR |
0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Lithuanian SSR |
0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Tajik SSR |
0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Total | 51 | 51 | 102 |
Valeriy Lobanovsky (1939-2002).
Boris Arkadiev (1899-1986).
Nikita Simonyan (1926).
Valentin Ivanov (1934-2011).
| Place | Name | Medals | Champion clubs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gold | silver | |||
| 1 | Viktor Maslov | 6 | 3 | Torpedo Moscow (3), Dynamo Kyiv (2), Ararat Yerevan (1) |
| 2 | Valeriy Lobanovsky | 6 | - | Dynamo Kyiv |
| 3 | Boris Arkadiev | 4 | 1 | CDKA Moscow (3), Lokomotiv Moscow (1) |
| Nikita Simonyan | 4 | 1 | Spartak Moscow (3), Ararat Yerevan (1) | |
| 5 | Oleg Oshenkov | 3 | 1 | Shakhtar Donetsk (2), Dynamo Kyiv (1) |
| 6 | Valentin Ivanov | 2 | 5 | Torpedo Moscow |
| 7 | Aleksandr Sevidov | 2 | 2 | Dynamo Moscow |
| 8-11 | Nodar Akhalkatsi | 2 | 1 | Dinamo Tbilisi |
| Konstantin Beskov | 2 | 1 | Dynamo Moscow | |
| Konstantin Kvashnin | 2 | 1 | Spartak Moscow, Torpedo Moscow | |
| Viktor Nosov | 2 | 1 | Shakhtar Donetsk | |
Another coach Albert Vollrat won two cups in 1946 and 1947.
- Ukrainian: Кубок СРСР, Belarusian: Кубак СССР, Uzbek: СССР Кубоги, Kazakh: КСРО Кубогы, Georgian: სსრკ თასი, Azerbaijani: ССРИ кубоку, Lithuanian: TSRS taurė, Romanian: Cupa URSS (Moldovan Cyrillic: Купа УРСС), Latvian: PSRS kauss, Armenian: ԽՍՀՄ Գավաթ, Estonian: NSVL Karikas.
- broadly and officially known as the Football Cup of the Soviet Union among teams of physical culture collectives
- Total number of participants in 1938 including preliminary rounds was 275.
- After appearance of the Soviet Amateur Cup in 1957, the 1940 Soviet Cup results were associated with the new competition.[9]
- Total number of participants in 1939 including preliminary rounds was 80.
- Total number of participants in 1949 including preliminary rounds was 120.
- Total number of participants in 1955 including preliminary rounds was 67.
- Total number of participants in 1957 including preliminary rounds was 74.
- Total number of participants in 1958 including preliminary rounds was 106.
- Total number of participants in 1959–60 including preliminary rounds was 113.
- Total number of participants in 1961 including preliminary rounds was 169.
- Total number of participants in 1962 including preliminary rounds was 168.
- Total number of participants in 1963 including preliminary rounds was 186.
- Total number of participants in 1964 including preliminary rounds was 194.
- Total number of participants in 1965 including preliminary rounds was 102.
- Total number of participants in 1965–66 including preliminary rounds was 203.
- Total number of participants in 1966–67 including preliminary rounds was 242.
- Total number of participants in 1967–68 including preliminary rounds was 255.
- Total number of participants in 1969 including preliminary rounds was 104.
- Total number of participants in 1970 including preliminary rounds was 105.
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