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The 1974 Pacific typhoon season was the first season on record to not feature a Category 5 equivalent super typhoon; a feat later repeated by the 1977 and 2017 seasons. Even so, the season was overly active, with 32 tropical storms and 16 typhoons being developed this year. It has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1974, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
| 1974 Pacific typhoon season | |
|---|---|
Season summary map | |
| Seasonal boundaries | |
| First system formed | January 8, 1974 |
| Last system dissipated | December 24, 1974 |
| Strongest storm | |
| Name | Gloria |
| • Maximum winds | 220 km/h (140 mph) (1-minute sustained) |
| • Lowest pressure | 930 hPa (mbar) |
| Seasonal statistics | |
| Total depressions | 55 |
| Total storms | 32 |
| Typhoons | 16 |
| Super typhoons | 0 (record low) |
| Total fatalities | > 361 |
| Total damage | > $1.55 billion (1974 USD) |
| Related articles | |
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1974 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
35 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 32 became tropical storms. 16 storms reached typhoon intensity, and none reached super typhoon strength.[1] This season is the most recent to have no super typhoons.[2]
A tropical disturbance developed on January 8 to the southwest of Palau.[1] By the next day, the disturbance was upgraded to a tropical depression and to a tropical storm. Wanda reached its peak intensity on January 10 as a 65 mph tropical storm. The storm was then downgraded to a tropical depression on January 11. Wanda then dissipated on January 14.[3]
Tropical Storm Amy formed as a tropical disturbance well south of Guam on March 12, and became a tropical depression on the 14th. It began to turn right late on the 15th, and was heading northeast on the 17th. It became a tropical storm the same day. It transitioned into an extratropical storm on the 19th, and dissipated shortly thereafter.
Tropical Storm Babe formed as a disturbance just west of Chuuk on the 25th of April. It traveled northwestward, becoming a tropical depression on the 26th as it started to turn northward. It passed just west of Guam and Saipan on the 27th and 28th, before strengthening to a tropical storm on the 29th. It continued northward, becoming extratropical on the 1st of May. As an extratropical storm, it traveled northeastward for a few days before dissipating.
Typhoon Carla was first noted as a disturbance near the island of Pohnpei on the 29th of April. The disturbance traveled northwestward over the next four days, developing into a tropical storm on the 2nd. The center of Carla passed over Tinian and Saipan on the 3rd. The storm began to turn towards the north later that day. It strengthened into a typhoon on the 4th. It reached its maximum intensity — 965 mb central pressure and 80 to 85-knot winds — on the 5th. It began to weaken under intensifying shear after that, becoming a tropical storm again very late that day. It continued in a northeast direction before being absorbed by a frontal system on the 6th.[1]
Dinah, which developed on June 7, hit Luzon on the 10th as an 80 mph typhoon. It continued northwestward, hit Hainan Island, crossed the Gulf of Tonkin, and dissipated over North Vietnam. Dinah caused 73 casualties (with 33 missing), with $3 million in crop damage (1974 USD).
5W lasted two days and struck southern China.
Emma stayed as a tropical storm.
Freda peaked as a moderate tropical storm.
When Tropical Storm Gilda, having weakened from a peak of 100 mph winds, crossed between Japan and South Korea in early July, it brought torrential rains and mudslides, killing 128 people (with 26 missing) and causing damage estimated at $1.5 billion (1974 USD).
Harriet did not affect land.
66 people were killed when Typhoon Ivy hit Luzon on July 20, the day before the 1974 Miss Universe was held in Manila. It continued northwestward, and hit southeastern China 2 days later.
Jean stayed weak.
Kim recurved.
Only recognized by PAGASA.
Lucy hit China。 .
The monsoon trough spawned a tropical depression on August 10. It tracked to the northeast, then turned to the northwest where it became a tropical storm on the 11th. A tug pulling RMS Caronia to Taiwan was overcome by the weather as it sought shelter at Guam, and cut loose Caronia, which was driven against the breakwater at the entrance to Apra Harbor on August 12, blocking all ship traffic.[4] Mary's appearance resembled an extratropical cyclone due to vertical shear, and as the ridge built over Japan, Mary turned more to the west. Conditions were favorable enough for Mary to reach typhoon strength on the 18th, but it weakened to a tropical storm before hitting northeastern China on the 19th. A high pressure system over China forced now Tropical Depression Mary to the southeast, where it restrengthened into a tropical storm on the 24th. The storm turned to the northeast, briefly becoming a typhoon again on the 25th before weakening. Mary hit Japan on the 26th, and dissipated shortly thereafter. 3 people died in Mary's path, with moderate damage occurring.
16W was just a tropical depression and also hit Thailand for a very brief moment.
Nadine did not make landfall.
20W hit China.
Rose did not strike land.
Polly hit Japan.
Shirley was a minimal typhoon.
Trix hit China.
Virginia did not hit land.
Wendy came near Taiwan and the Philippines.
Agnes stayed away from land.
Typhoon Bess crossed northern Luzon on October 10, crossed the South China Sea, and hit Hainan Island on the 13th. Bess continued westward, and dissipated over North Vietnam on the 14th. The storm dumped heavy rains on its path, causing 26 deaths (with 3 missing) and $9.2 million (1974 USD) in damage. The name Bess was retired after this season.
Typhoon Carmen hit Luzon on October 16, just days after Bess hit. It continued northwestward, made landfall on southeastern China, turned south, and dissipated on the 20th. Typhoon Carmen caused sustained storm force winds in Hong Kong and 25 fatalities, with damage estimated at $13 million (1974 USD).
Della passed near the Philippines.
23 casualties and $21 million in damage can be attributed to 110 mph Typhoon Elaine hitting northern Luzon on October 27.
Faye hit the Philippines and Thailand.
Glorida moved onshore the Philippines and hit as a typhoon.
Hester formed in the South China Sea.
The last of the year's 8 typhoons to hit the Philippines made landfall on November 28 as a 100 mph typhoon. Irma, once a 130 mph typhoon, weakened over the islands and restrengthened into a typhoon in the South China Sea. It turned northward, and hit southern China as a weakening tropical storm on December 2, the latest date for a Chinese tropical storm landfall. Irma killed 11 people, and caused $7.3 million in damage (1974 USD).
Judy developed in the South China Sea.
Kit developed on December 18 in the open Pacific. Upon hitting the Philippines, the system weakened to a tropical depression. The storm re-intensified to a tropical storm in the South China Sea before dissipating on December 24.
During the season 32 named tropical cyclones developed in the Western Pacific and were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, when it was determined that they had become tropical storms. These names were contributed to a revised list from late 1950.
| Wanda | Amy | Babe | Carla | Dinah | Emma | Freda | Gilda | Harriet | Ivy | Jean | Kim | Lucy | Marie | Nadine | Polly |
| Rose | Shirley | Trix | Virginia | Wendy | Agnes | Bess | Carmen | Della | Elaine | Faye | Gloria | Hester | Irma | Judy | Kit |
The name Olive from this list was used for a storm that formed in the Central Pacific.
| Akang | Bising | Klaring | Deling | Emang |
| Gading | Heling | Iliang | Loleng | Miding |
| Norming | Oyang | Pasing | Ruping | Susang |
| Tering | Uding | Wening | Yaning | |
| Auxiliary list | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aning | ||||
| Bidang | Kading | Delang | Esang (unused) | Garding (unused) |
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 6 of which are published each year before the season starts. Names not retired from this list will be used again in the 1978 season. This is the same list used for the 1970 season. PAGASA uses its own naming scheme that starts in the Filipino alphabet, with names of Filipino female names ending with "ng" (A, B, K, D, etc.). Names that were not assigned/going to use are marked in gray.
Due to an extreme impact in the Philippines, PAGASA later retired the name Wening and was replaced by Weling for the 1978 season.
This table will list all the storms that developed in the northwestern Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line and north of the equator during 1974. It will include their intensity, duration, name, areas affected, deaths, and damage totals. Classification and intensity values will be based on estimations conducted by the JMA, the JTWC, and/or PAGASA. Peak wind speeds are in one-minute sustained standards unless otherwise noted. All damage figures will be in 1974 USD. Damages and deaths from a storm will include when the storm was a precursor wave or an extratropical low.
| Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
| Wanda (Atang) | January 8 – 14 | Severe tropical storm | 100 km/h (62 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| Amy | March 12 – 20 | Tropical storm | 100 km/h (62 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| Babe | April 25 – May 3 | Severe tropical storm | 110 km/h (68 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| Carla | May 1 – 7 | Typhoon | 150 km/h (93 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| TD | May 18 – 19 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Caroline Islands | None | None | |
| TD | May 21 – 23 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | Palau | None | None | |
| Dinah (Bising) | June 5 – 14 | Typhoon | 130 km/h (81 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Philippines, South China | $3 million | 73 | |
| 05W | June 6 – 8 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (34 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | South China | None | None | |
| Emma (Klaring) | June 12 – 19 | Severe tropical storm | 110 km/h (68 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Ryukyu Islands | None | None | |
| Freda | June 17 – 23 | Tropical storm | 85 km/h (53 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Gilda (Deling) | June 26 – July 8 | Typhoon | 165 km/h (103 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Ryukyu Islands, South Korea, Japan | $1.5 billion | 128 | |
| Emang | July 5 – 10 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (34 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Harriet (Gading) | July 13 – 20 | Tropical storm | 85 km/h (53 mph) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Ivy (Iliang) | July 14 – 21 | Typhoon | 175 km/h (109 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Philippines, South China | Unknown | 66 | |
| Jean (Heling) | July 17 – 21 | Severe tropical storm | 85 km/h (53 mph) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Taiwan, East China | None | None | |
| Kim | July 22 – 24 | Severe tropical storm | 95 km/h (59 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| TD | July 26 – 27 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| TD | August 1 – 3 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Loleng | August 4 – 8 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (34 mph) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Philippines | None | None | |
| Lucy (Miding) | August 7 – 12 | Tropical storm | 85 km/h (53 mph) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| TD | August 7 – 10 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| TD | August 8 – 9 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Taiwan | None | None | |
| TD | August 9 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| TD | August 10 – 12 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| TD | August 10 – 14 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| TD | August 10 – 12 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Mary | August 11 – 27 | Typhoon | 175 km/h (109 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Mariana Islands, East China, Ryukyu Islands, Japan | Unknown | 3 | |
| 16W | August 13 – 16 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (34 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Vietnam, Laos, Thailand | None | None | |
| Nadine (Norming) | August 15 – 18 | Severe tropical storm | 95 km/h (59 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| TD | August 20 – 21 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Rose (Oyang) | August 24 – September 1 | Severe tropical storm | 95 km/h (59 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands | None | None | |
| Polly | August 25 – September 5 | Typhoon | 175 km/h (109 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Japan | Unknown | Unknown | |
| 20W | August 26 – 29 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (34 mph) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Ryukyu Islands | None | None | |
| TD | August 28 – 29 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1010 hPa (29.83 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| TD | August 31 – September 1 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Shirley (Pasing) | September 2 – 11 | Typhoon | 140 km/h (87 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Ryukyu Islands, Japan | Unknown | Unknown | |
| TD | September 3 – 5 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Japan | None | None | |
| Trix | September 4 – 8 | Tropical storm | 75 km/h (47 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | South China | None | None | |
| TD | September 9 – 10 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Virginia | September 10 – 16 | Typhoon | 140 km/h (87 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| TD | September 10 – 16 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | Philippines | None | None | |
| TD | September 14 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| TD | September 18 – 19 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | Philippines | None | None | |
| Wendy (Ruping) | September 19 – October 2 | Severe tropical storm | 110 km/h (68 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands | None | None | |
| Agnes | September 21 – October 3 | Typhoon | 195 km/h (121 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Bess (Susang) | October 7 – 14 | Typhoon | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, South China, Vietnam | $9.2 million | 32 | |
| Carmen (Tering) | October 12 – 20 | Typhoon | 140 km/h (87 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, South China | $13 million | 25 | |
| Della (Uding) | October 18 – 27 | Typhoon | 165 km/h (103 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Philippines, South China, Vietnam | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Elaine (Wening) | October 22 – 31 | Typhoon | 175 km/h (109 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Philippines, South China | $21 million | 23 | |
| Faye (Yaning) | October 30 – November 5 | Severe tropical storm | 100 km/h (62 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, Indochina | None | None | |
| Gloria (Aning) | November 2 – 11 | Typhoon | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Philippines | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Hester | November 12 – 15 | Tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Vietnam | None | None | |
| Irma (Bidang) | November 21 – December 3 | Typhoon | 215 km/h (134 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Philippines, South China | $7.3 million | 11 | |
| Judy (Kading) | December 14 – 19 | Tropical storm | 75 km/h (47 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam | None | None | |
| Kit (Delang) | December 18 – 24 | Tropical storm | 75 km/h (47 mph) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Philippines | None | None | |
| Season aggregates | ||||||||
| 55 systems | January 8 – December 24, 1974 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | >$1.55 billion | >361 | |||
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