Trudeau is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Trudeau family, a notable Canadian family known in politics, business and film, including:
- Angus Trudeau (1905–1984), Anishinaabe artist
- Arthur Trudeau (1902–1991), Lieutenant General in the United States Army
- Catherine Trudeau (b. 1975), Quebec actress
- Charles Trudeau (politician) (1743–1816), 5th mayor of New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
- Colette Trudeau (b. 1985), Canadian born Métis singer/songwriter
- Edward Livingston Trudeau (1848–1915), American physician
- Étienne Truteau (1641–1712), French pioneer and ancestor of the Trudeau family
- Garry Trudeau (b. 1948), American cartoonist of Doonesbury
- Jack Trudeau (b. 1962), former professional American football player
- Jeffrey Trudeau Jr., semi-professional micro stakes poker player with 10 Circuit rings
- John Trudeau (1927–2008), American musician
- Kevin Trudeau (b. 1963), American author, convicted felon and infomercial salesman
- Marc Vincent Trudeau (b. 1957), Auxiliary Bishop of Los Angeles
- Noah Andre Trudeau (b. 1949), American historian
- Roger Trudeau (b. 1976), American ice hockey player
- Sophie Trudeau (musician), Canadian post-rock musician
- Stephanie Trudeau (b. 1986), Miss USA beauty queen from St. Ignatius, Montana
- Yasmin Trudeau, American lawyer and politician
- Yves Trudeau (artist) (1930–2017), Quebec sculptor
- Yves Trudeau (biker) (1946–2008), Quebec biker and criminal
- Zénon Trudeau (1748–1813), Commandant Governor of Illinois between 1793 and 1799