This is a timeline of notable moments in the history of women's ordination in the world's religious traditions. It is not an exhaustive list of all historic or contemporary ordinations of women. See also: Timeline of women in religion
Timeline
Ancient history and Middle Ages
6th century BCE:Mahapajapati Gotami, the aunt and foster mother of Buddha, became the first woman to receive Buddhist ordination.[1][2]
1853:Antoinette Brown Blackwell was the first woman ordained as a minister in the United States.[5] She was ordained by a church belonging to the Congregationalist Church.[6] However, her ordination was not recognized by the denomination.[7] She later quit the church and became a Unitarian.[7] The Congregationalists later merged with others to create the United Church of Christ, which ordains women.[7][8]
1861:Mary A. Will was the first woman ordained in the Wesleyan Methodist Connection by the Illinois Conference in the United States. The Wesleyan Methodist Connection eventually became the Wesleyan Church.
1862: Bishop of London licenses Elizabeth Ferard as the first deaconess in the Church of England. Ferard founded the North London Deaconess Institution.[9]
1863:Olympia Brown was ordained by the Universalist denomination in 1863, the first woman ordained by that denomination, in spite of a last-moment case of cold feet by her seminary which feared adverse publicity.[10] After a decade and a half of service as a full-time minister, she became a part-time minister in order to devote more time to the fight for women's rights and universal suffrage.[7] In 1961, the Universalists and Unitarians joined to form the Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA).[11] The UUA became the first large denomination to have a majority of female ministers.[7]
1865: The Salvation Army was founded, which in the English Methodist tradition always ordained both men and women.[7] However, there were initially rules that prohibited a woman from marrying a man who had a lower rank.[7]Heleanor M. Davison, likely the first woman ordained in the Methodist tradition (1866)
1866:Helenor M. Davison was ordained as a deacon by the North Indiana Conference of the Methodist Protestant Church, probably making her the first ordained woman in the Methodist tradition.[12]
1880:Anna Howard Shaw was the first woman ordained in the Methodist Protestant Church, an American church which later merged with other denominations to form the United Methodist Church.[13]
1883:Ellen G. White was the first woman ordained in the Seventh-Day-Adventist Church by the Michigan Conference in the United States.[14] It is also worth mentioning that she was also one of the founders of the Seventh-day Adventists.
1884:Marion Macfarlane became the first woman to be ordained as a deaconess in the Anglican Church in Australia, when she was ordained to the "Female Diaconate" in 1884 in the Diocese of Melbourne.[15][9]
1888:
Fidelia Gillette may have been the first ordained woman in Canada.[7] She served the Universalist congregation in Bloomfield, Ontario, during 1888 and 1889.[7] She was presumably ordained in 1888 or earlier.[7][original research?]
Lady Grisell Baillie (1822–1891) became the first deaconess in the Church of Scotland on 9 December 1888 in a service conducted by Dr James Mackenzie Allardyce at Bowden Kirk in Bowden, Scottish Borders.
1889:
The Nolin Presbytery of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church ordained Louisa Woosley as the first female minister of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, USA.[16]
Ella Niswonger was the first woman ordained in the American United Brethren Church, which later merged with other denominations to form the American United Methodist Church, which has ordained women with full clergy rights and conference membership since 1956.[12][17]
1892:Anna Hanscombe is believed to be the first woman ordained by the parent bodies which formed the Church of the Nazarene in 1919.[7]Julia A.J. Foote, first woman ordained in the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (1894)
1894:Julia A. J. Foote was the first woman to be ordained as a deacon by the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church.[12]
Early 20th century
1909: The Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) began ordaining women in 1909.[7]
1911:
Ann Allebach was the first Mennonite woman to be ordained.[7] This occurred at the First Mennonite Church of Philadelphia.[7]
1914: The Assemblies of God was founded and ordained its first woman pastors in 1914.[7]
1917: The Congregationalist Church (England and Wales) ordained their first woman, Constance Coltman (née Todd), at the King's Weigh House, London.[24] Its successor is the United Reformed Church[7][25] (a union of the Congregational Church in England and Wales and the Presbyterian Church of England in 1972). Since then two more denominations have joined the union: The Reformed Churches of Christ (1982) and the Congregational Church of Scotland (2000). All of these denominations ordained women at the time of Union and continue to do so.
1918:Alma Bridwell White, first woman ordained as a bishop in the United States (1918)
1920:Riek Rappold became the first woman to be ordained by the Remonstrant Church in the Netherlands.
1922: The Jewish Reform movement's Central Conference of American Rabbis stated that "...woman cannot justly be denied the privilege of ordination."[29] However, the first woman in Reform Judaism to be ordained (Sally Priesand) was not ordained until 1972.[30]
A secular law was passed in Thailand banning women's full ordination in Buddhism. However, this law was revoked some time after Varanggana Vanavichayen became the first female monk to be ordained in Thailand in 2002.
Maude Royden began a year-long preaching and speaking tour of churches in the United States, New Zealand, Australia, Japan, China, Ceylon and India, promoting the ordination of women.[9]
1944: Florence Li Tim Oi became the first woman to be ordained as an Anglican priest. She was born in Hong Kong, and was ordained in Guandong province in unoccupied China on January 25, 1944, on account of a severe shortage of priests due to World War II. When the war ended, she was forced to relinquish her priesthood, yet she was reinstated as a priest later in 1971 in Hong Kong. "When Hong Kong ordained two further women priests in 1971 (Joyce Bennett and Jane Hwang), Florence Li Tim-Oi was officially recognised as a priest by the diocese."[36] She later moved to Toronto, Canada, and assisted as a priest there from 1983 onwards.
1947:
The Lutheran Protestant Church started to ordain women as priests.[37]
1957: In 1957 the Unity Synod of the Moravian Church declared of women's ordination "in principle such ordination is permissible" and that each province is at liberty to "take such steps as seem essential for the maintenance of the ministry of the Word and Sacraments;" however, while this was approved by the Unity Synod in 1957, the Northern Province of the Moravian Church did not approve women for ordination until 1970 at the Provincial Synod, and it was not until 1975 that Mary Matz became the first female minister ordained within the Moravian Church.[40]
1958: Women ministers in the Church of the Brethren were given full ordination with the same status as men.[41]
1959:Ietske Jansen became the first woman to be ordained as a minister by the Dutch Reformed Church in the Netherlands.
1964:Addie Elizabeth Davis became the first Southern Baptist woman to be ordained.[43] However, the Southern Baptist Convention stopped ordaining women in 2000, although existing female pastors are allowed to continue their jobs.[7]
1967: The Presbyterian Church in Canada started ordaining women.[41]
1969: The first woman to be ordained as a minister in the Church of Scotland was the Revd Catherine McConnachie by the Presbytery of Aberdeen. She served as assistant minister at St George's Tillydrone, in Aberdeen.
1970s
1970:
The Northern Province of the Moravian Church approved women for ordination in 1970 at the Provincial Synod, but it was not until 1975 that Mary Matz became the first female minister ordained within the Moravian Church.[40]
On November 22, 1970, Elizabeth Alvina Platz became the first woman ordained by the Lutheran Church in America, and as such was the first woman ordained by any Lutheran denomination in America.[47]
On January 1, 1988, the Lutheran Church in America, the American Lutheran Church, and the Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches merged to form the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, which continues to ordain women.[49] (The first woman ordained by the Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches, Janith Otte, was ordained in 1977.[50])
According to statements made in 1995 and later, the underground Catholic bishop Felix Maria Davídek, who was a friend of her family, secretly ordained Ludmila Javorová on December 28, 1970.[51] Historians Fiala and Hanuš conclude[52] that these women he ordained (there were about five, Javorová being the only publicly known) found very few specific sacerdotal tasks in Davídek's group, and conclude from this that their ordinations can therefore be considered as only a "symbolical act and a precedent".
1971:
Venerable Voramai, also called Ta Tao Fa Tzu, became the first fully ordained Thai woman in the Mahayana lineage in Taiwan and turned her family home into a monastery.[53][54]
Joyce Bennett and Jane Hwang were the first regularly ordained priests in the Anglican Church in Hong Kong.[7]
1972:
Freda Smith became the first female minister to be ordained by the Metropolitan Community Church.[55]
Sally Priesand became America's first female rabbi ordained by a rabbinical seminary, and the second formally ordained female rabbi in Jewish history, after Regina Jonas.[56][57]
1973:Emma Sommers Richards became the first Mennonite woman to be ordained as a pastor of a Mennonite congregation (Lombard Mennonite Church in Illinois).[58]
1974:
The Methodist Church in the United Kingdom started to ordain women again (after a lapse of ordinations).
Sandy Eisenberg Sasso became the first female rabbi to be ordained in Reconstructionist Judaism.[59]
On July 29, 1974, Bishops Daniel Corrigan, Robert L. DeWitt, and Edward R. Welles of the Episcopal Church of the U.S., with Bishop Antonio Ramos of Costa Rica, ordained eleven women as priests in a ceremony that was widely considered "irregular" because the women lacked "recommendation from the standing committee," a canonical prerequisite for ordination.[61] The "Philadelphia Eleven", as they became known, were Merrill Bittner, Alison Cheek, Alla Bozarth (Campell), Emily C. Hewitt, Carter Heyward, Suzanne R. Hiatt, Marie Moorefield, Jeannette Piccard, Betty Bone Schiess, Katrina Welles Swanson, and Nancy Hatch Wittig.[61]
Auður Eir Vilhjálmsdóttir became the first woman to be ordained into the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland.[62]
1975
The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia decided to ordain women as pastors, although since 1993, under the leadership of Archbishop Janis Vanags, it no longer does so.
Dorothea W. Harvey became the first woman to be ordained by the Swedenborgian Church.[63]
Lynn Gottlieb became the first female rabbi to be ordained in the Jewish Renewal movement.[79]
Ani Pema Chodron is an American woman who was ordained as a bhikkhuni (a fully ordained Buddhist nun) in a lineage of Tibetan Buddhism in 1981. Pema Chödrön was the first American woman to be ordained as a Buddhist nun in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition.[80][81]
Karen Soria, born and ordained in the United States, became Australia's first female rabbi.[82][83]
According to the New York Times for 1985-FEB-14: "After years of debate, the worldwide governing body of Conservative Judaism has decided to admit women as rabbis. The group, the Rabbinical Assembly, plans to announce its decision at a news conference...at the Jewish Theological Seminary...".[7] In 1985 Amy Eilberg became the first female rabbi to be ordained in Conservative Judaism.[86]
The first women deacons were ordained by the Scottish Episcopal Church.[7]
1986: The first women deacons were ordained in the Anglican Church of Australia.[87]
1987:
The first female deacons were ordained in the Church of England.[88]
The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland started to ordain women.[7]
Virginia Nagel was ordained as the first deaf female priest in the Episcopal Church.[92]
1989:Einat Ramon, ordained in New York, became the first female native-Israeli rabbi.[93]
1990s
1990:
Pauline Bebe became the first female rabbi in France, although she was ordained in England.[94][95]
Penny Jamieson became the first female Anglican diocesan bishop in the world. She was ordained a bishop of the Anglican Church in New Zealand in June 1990.[96]
Anglican women were ordained in Ireland.[7] Janet Catterall became the first woman ordained an Anglican priest in Ireland.[97]
The Presbyterian Church of Australia ceased ordaining women to the ministry in 1991, but the rights of women ordained prior to this time were not affected.
The Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, which supports ordaining women, was founded in 1991.[84]
1992:
Naamah Kelman, born in the United States, became the first female rabbi ordained in Israel.[99][100]
In November 1992 the General Synod of the Church of England approved the ordination of women as priests.[101]
Her Grace The Most Reverend, Kay Goldsworthy, Archbishop of Perth, one of the first women in the Anglican Church of Australia to be ordained (1986) and the first woman to be ordained as an archbishop in the church (2018)In 1992 women were first ordained as priests in the Anglican Church of Australia[102]
The Anglican Church of South Africa started to ordain women.[7]
1993:
Rosemarie Köhn was bishop in Hamar diocese from 1993 to 2006. She was Norway's and the Nordic countries' first female bishop.
Rebecca Dubowe became the first deaf woman to be ordained as a rabbi in the United States.[103]
The Communauté Evangélique Mennonite au Congo (Mennonite Evangelical Community of Congo) voted to ordain women as pastors.[104]
Valerie Stessin became the first female Conservative rabbi to be ordained in Israel.[93]
The Sligo Seventh-day Adventist Church in Takoma Park, Maryland, ordained three women in violation of the denomination's rules – Kendra Haloviak, Norma Osborn, and Penny Shell.[113]
The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark ordained its first woman as a bishop.[114]
In May 1995, Bola Odeleke was the first woman ordained as a bishop in Africa. Specifically, she was ordained in Nigeria.[115]
1996:
Through the efforts of Sakyadhita, an International Buddhist Women Association, ten Sri Lankan women were ordained as bhikkhunis in Sarnath, India.[116][117]
Gloria Shipp of the Gamilaroi nation was the first Aboriginal woman ordained as priest in the Anglican Church of Australia on 21 December 1996 in the Diocese of Bathurst.[118][119]
1997:Chava Koster, born in the Netherlands and ordained in the United States, became the first female rabbi from the Netherlands.[120]
1998:
The General Assembly of the Nippon Sei Ko Kai (Anglican Church in Japan) started to ordain women.[7]
The Guatemalan Presbyterian Synod started to ordain women.[7]
After 900 years without such ordinations, Sri Lanka again began to ordain women as fully ordained Buddhist nuns, called bhikkhunis.[121]
1999:
The Independent Presbyterian Church of Brazil allowed the ordination of women as either clergy or elders.[7]
Beth Lockard was ordained as the first deaf pastor in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.[122][123]
Tamara Kolton became the first rabbi of either sex (and therefore, because she was female, the first female rabbi) to be ordained in Humanistic Judaism.[124]Rabbi Angela Warnick Buchdahl, the first Asian-American woman cantor (1999) and rabbi (2001)
Angela Warnick Buchdahl, born in Seoul, Korea,[125] became the first Asian-American person to be ordained as a cantor in the world when she was ordained by HUC-JIR, an American seminary for Reform Judaism.[126]
The Baptist Union of Scotland voted to allow their individual churches to make local decisions as to whether to allow or prohibit the ordination of women.[7]
The Mennonite Brethren Church of Congo ordained its first female pastor in 2000.[128]
Helga Newmark, born in Germany, became the first female Holocaust survivor ordained as a rabbi. She was ordained in America.[129][130]
The Mombasa diocese of the Anglican Church in Kenya began to ordain women.[7]
The Church of Pakistan ordained its first female deacons.[7] It is a united church which dates back to the 1970 local merger of Anglicans, Methodists, Presbyterians, Lutherans and other Protestant denominations.[7]
Angela Warnick Buchdahl, born in Seoul, Korea,[125] became the first Asian-American person to be ordained as a rabbi in the world; she was ordained by HUC-JIR, an American seminary for Reform Judaism.[126]
Eveline Goodman-Thau became the first female rabbi in Austria; she was born in Austria but ordained in Jerusalem.[133]
Khenmo Drolma, an American woman, became the first bhikkhuni (fully ordained Buddhist nun) in the Drikung Kagyu lineage of Buddhism, traveling to Taiwan to be ordained.[138]
A 55-year-old Buddhist nun, Varanggana Vanavichayen, became the first female monk to be ordained in Thailand. She was ordained by a Sri Lankan woman monk in the presence of a male Thai monk. Theravada scriptures, as interpreted in Thailand, require that for a woman to be ordained as a monk, the ceremony must be attended by both a male and female monk.[139] Some time after this a secular law in Thailand banning women's full ordination in Buddhism which had been passed in 1928 was revoked.
Ayya Sudhamma Bhikkhuni became the first American-born woman to gain bhikkhuni ordination in the Theravada school in Sri Lanka.[143][144][145]Dhammananda Bhikkhuni, the first Thai woman to receive full ordination as a Theravada nun (2003)
On February 28, 2003, Dhammananda Bhikkhuni, formerly known as Chatsumarn Kabilsingh, became the first Thai woman to receive full ordination as a Theravada nun.[146] She was ordained in Sri Lanka.[147]
In the summer of 2003, two of the Danube Seven, Christine Mayr-Lumetzberger (from Austria) and Gisela Forster (from Germany), were ordained as bishops by several male bishops of independent churches not affiliated with the Vatican. These ordinations were done in secret and are not recognized as valid by the Roman Catholic Church. At the death of the male bishops, their identities will be revealed.[136] Since then several similar actions have been held by Roman Catholic Womenpriests, a group in favor of women's ordination in Roman Catholicism; this was the first such action for women being ordained bishops.[137]
Saccavadi and Gunasari were ordained as bhikkhunis in Sri Lanka, thus becoming the first female Burmese novices in modern times to receive higher ordination in Sri Lanka.[150]
2004: Genevieve Benay (from France), Michele Birch-Conery (from Canada), Astride Indrican (from Latvia), Victoria Rue (from the USA), Jane Via (from the USA), and Monika Wyss (from Switzerland) were ordained as deacons on a ship in the Danube. The women's ordinations were not, however, recognised as being valid by the Roman Catholic Church. As a consequence of this violation of canon law and their refusal to repent, the women were excommunicated. Since then several similar actions have been held by Roman Catholic Womenpriests, a group in favor of women's ordination in Roman Catholicism; this was the first such action for female deacons.[151]
2005:Annalu Waller, who had cerebral palsy, was ordained as the first disabled female priest in the Scottish Episcopal Church.[152][153]
2006:
For the first time in American history, a Buddhist ordination was held where an American woman (Sister Khanti-Khema) took the Samaneri (novice) vows with an American monk (Bhante Vimalaramsi) presiding. This was done for the Buddhist American Forest Tradition at the Dhamma Sukha Meditation Center in Missouri.[154]
Sharon Ballantyne was ordained as the first blind minister in the United Church of Canada.[156]
Susan Wehle was ordained as the first American female cantor in Jewish Renewal in 2006; however, she died in 2009.[157][158]
2007:
The 2007 synod of the Gereformeerde Kerken vrijgemaakt[nl] decided on 15–16 June 2007 to open all ecclesiastical offices to women.[159]
The synod of the Christian Reformed Church voted 112–70 to allow any Christian Reformed Church congregation that wishes to do so to ordain women as ministers, elders, deacons and/or ministry associates; since 1995, congregations and regional church bodies called "classes" already had the option of ordaining women, and 26 of the 47 classes had exercised it before the vote in June.[160]
Myokei Caine-Barrett, born and ordained in Japan, became the first female Nichiren priest in her affiliated Nichiren Order of North America.[161]
The first Bhikkhuni ordination in Australia in the Theravada Buddhist tradition was performed in Perth, Australia, on 22 October 2009 at Bodhinyana Monastery. Abbess Vayama together with Venerables Nirodha, Seri, and Hasapanna were ordained as Bhikkhunis by a dual Sangha act of Bhikkhus and Bhikkhunis in full accordance with the Pali Vinaya.[165]
Alysa Stanton, born in Cleveland and ordained by a Reform Jewish seminary in Cincinnati, became the world's first black female rabbi.[166]Rabbi Alysa Stanton, the first Black female rabbi
On July 19, 2009, 11 women received semicha (ordination) as kohanot from the Kohenet Hebrew Priestess Institute, based at the Isabella Freedman Jewish Retreat Center, becoming their first priestess ordainees.[169]
2010s
2010:
Sara Hurwitz, an Orthodox Jewish woman born in South Africa, was given the title of "rabbah" (sometimes spelled "rabba"), the feminine form of rabbi. As such, she is considered by some to be the first female Orthodox rabbi.[170][171]
For the first time in the history of the Church of England, more women than men were ordained as priests (290 women and 273 men).[172]
The first American women to be ordained as cantors in Jewish Renewal after Susan Wehle's ordination were Michal Rubin and Abbe Lyons, both ordained on January 10, 2010.[173] (Susan Wehle became the first American female cantor in Jewish Renewal in 2006; however, she died in 2009.[157][158])
Alina Treiger, born in Ukraine, became the first female rabbi to be ordained in Germany since World War II (the very first female rabbi ordained in Germany was Regina Jonas, ordained in 1935).[174]
The first Tibetan Buddhist nunnery in America (Vajra Dakini Nunnery in Vermont), offering novice ordination in the Drikung Kagyu lineage of Buddhism, was officially consecrated.[175]
In Northern California, 4 novice nuns were given the full bhikkhuni ordination in the Thai Therevada tradition, which included the double ordination ceremony. Bhante Gunaratana and other monks and nuns were in attendance. It was the first such ordination ever in the Western hemisphere.[176] The following month, more full ordinations were completed in Southern California, led by Walpola Piyananda and other monks and nuns. The bhikkhunis ordained in Southern California were Lakshapathiye Samadhi (born in Sri Lanka), Cariyapanna, Susila, Sammasati (all three born in Vietnam), and Uttamanyana (born in Myanmar).[177]
Delegates of the Fellowship of the Middle East Evangelical Churches unanimously voted in favor of a statement supporting the ordination of women as pastors, during their Sixth General Assembly. An English translation of the statement reads, "The Sixth General Assembly supports the ordination of the women in our churches in the position of ordained pastor and her partnership with men as an equal partner in decision making. Therefore we call on member churches to take leading steps in this concern."[178]
With the October 16, 2010, ordination of Margaret Lee, in the Peoria-based Diocese of Quincy, Illinois, women have been ordained as priests in all 110 dioceses of the Episcopal Church in the United States.[179][180]
2011:
Sandra Kviat became the first woman from Denmark to be a rabbi; she was ordained in England.[181]
One third of the Catholic theology professors in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (144 people) signed a declaration calling for women's ordination and opposing "traditionalism" in the liturgy.[184]
Mary Whittaker became the first deaf person to be ordained into the Church of Scotland.[185]
The Anglican Diocese of Cyprus and the Gulf was allowed to ordain women as priests and appoint them to single charge chaplaincies. On June 5, 2011, Catherine Dawkins was ordained by the bishop of the Anglican Diocese of Cyprus and the Gulf, the Right Revd Michael Lewis, during a ceremony at St Christopher's Cathedral, Manama. This makes her the first female priest in the Middle East.[186][187]
Stella Bentsi-Enchil, Alberta Kennies Addo, and Susanna C. Naana Ackun were ordained as the first female priests of the Anglican Church of Ghana.[188]
The Evangelical Presbyterian Church's 31st General Assembly voted to allow congregations to call women to ordained ministry, even if their presbytery (governing body) objects for theological or doctrinal reasons. Such congregations will be allowed to leave the objecting presbytery (such as the Central South, which includes Memphis) and join an adjacent one that permits the ordination of women.[189]
The American Catholic Church in the United States, ACCUS, ordained their first woman priest, Kathleen Maria MacPherson, on June 12, 2011.[190]
2012:
Ilana Mills was ordained, thus making her, Jordana Chernow-Reader, and Mari Chernow the first three female siblings in America to become rabbis.[191]
Eileen Harrop became the first woman from South East Asia (specifically, Singapore) to be ordained by the Church of England.[193]
Amel Manyon became the first South Sudanese woman to be ordained in the Uniting Church in Australia.[194]
Pérsida Gudiel became the first woman ordained by the Lutheran Church in Guatemala.[195]
Mimi Kanku Mukendi became the first female pastor ordained by the Communauté Evangélique Mennonite au Congo (Mennonite Evangelical Community of Congo), although they voted to ordain women as pastors in 1993.[104]
The Mennonite Church of Congo approved women's ordination.[128]
Christine Lee was ordained as the Episcopal Church's first female Korean-American priest.[196]
Alma Louise De bode-Olton became the first female priest ordained in the Anglican Episcopal Church in Curaçao.[197]
On July 29, 2012, the Columbia Union Conference of the Seventh-day Adventist Church voted to "authorize ordination without respect to gender."[199]
On August 19, 2012, the Pacific Union Conference of the Seventh-day Adventist Church voted to ordain without regard to gender.[200] Both unions began immediately approving ordinations of women.[201]
Emma Slade, a British woman, became the first Western woman to be ordained as a Buddhist nun in Bhutan.[202]
2013:
On May 12, 2013, the Danish Union of the Seventh-day Adventist Church voted to treat men and women ministers the same, and to suspend all ordinations until after the topic was considered at the next GC session in 2015.
On May 30, 2013, the Netherlands Union of the Seventh-day Adventist Church voted to ordain female pastors, recognizing them as equal to their male colleagues.[203] On September 1, 2013, a woman was ordained in the Netherlands Union.[204]
On September 12, 2013, the Governing Body of the Church in Wales passed a bill to enable women to be ordained as bishops, although none would be ordained for at least a year.[205]
The Anglican Synod of Ballarat voted to allow the ordination of women as priests.[206]
2014:
Fanny Sohet Belanger, born in France, was ordained in America and thus became the first French female priest in the Episcopal Church.[207]
The Lutheran Church in Chile ordained Rev. Hanna Schramm, born in Germany, as its first female pastor.[208]
The Bishop of Basel, Felix Gmür, allowed the Basel Catholic church corporations, which are officially only responsible for church finances, to formulate an initiative appealing for equality between men and women in ordination to the priesthood.[209]
The Association of Catholic Priests in Ireland stated that the Catholic church must ordain women and allow priests to marry in order to survive.[210]
The first ever book of halachic decisions written by women who were ordained to serve as poskim (Idit Bartov and Anat Novoselsky) was published.[211] The women were ordained by the municipal chief rabbi of Efrat, Rabbi Shlomo Riskin, after completing Midreshet Lindenbaum women's college's five-year ordination course in advanced studies in Jewish law, as well as passing examinations equivalent to the rabbinate's requirement for men.[211]
Mira Rivera became the first Filipino-American woman to be ordained as a rabbi.[213]
Libby Lane became the first woman ordained as a bishop of the Church of England.[214]The Right Reverend Libby Lane, Bishop of Derby, the first woman to be appointed as a bishop by the Church of England
The first bhikkhuni ordination in Germany, the Theravada bhikkhuni ordination of German nun Samaneri Dhira, occurred on June 21, 2015, at Anenja Vihara.[215]
The first Theravada ordination of bhikkhunis in Indonesia after more than a thousand years occurred at Wisma Kusalayani in Lembang, Bandung.[216] Those ordained included Vajiradevi Sadhika Bhikkhuni from Indonesia, Medha Bhikkhuni from Sri Lanka, Anula Bhikkhuni from Japan, Santasukha Santamana Bhikkhuni from Vietnam, Sukhi Bhikkhuni and Sumangala Bhikkhuni from Malaysia, and Jenti Bhikkhuni from Australia.[216]
In the GC session in Dallas on July 9, 2015, Seventh-day Adventists voted not to allow their regional church bodies to ordain women pastors.[217]
The Rev. Susana Lopez Lerena, the Rev. Cynthia Myers Dickin and the Rev. Audrey Taylor Gonzalez became the first women Anglican priests ordained in the diocese of Uruguay.[218]
Yaffa Epstein was ordained as Rabba by the Yeshivat Maharat.[219]
Lila Kagedan was ordained as Rabbi by the Yeshivat Maharat, making her their first graduate to take the title Rabbi.[220]
The Rabbinical Council of America passed a resolution which states, "RCA members with positions in Orthodox institutions may not ordain women into the Orthodox rabbinate, regardless of the title used; or hire or ratify the hiring of a woman into a rabbinic position at an Orthodox institution; or allow a title implying rabbinic ordination to be used by a teacher of Limudei Kodesh in an Orthodox institution."[221]
The Agudath Israel of America denounced moves to ordain women, and went even further, declaring Yeshivat Maharat, Yeshivat Chovevei Torah, Open Orthodoxy, and other affiliated entities to be similar to other dissident movements throughout Jewish history in having rejected basic tenets of Judaism.[222][223][224]
2016:
After four years of deliberation, Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion decided to give women a choice of wording on their ordination certificates beginning in 2016, including the option to have the same wording as men. Up until then, male candidates' certificates identified them by the Reform movement's traditional "morenu harav," or "our teacher the rabbi," while female candidates' certificates only used the term "rav u’morah," or "rabbi and teacher."[225]
The highest governing body of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia amended the church rules, officially establishing that only men can be ordained as priests.[226]
Dina Brawer, born in Italy but living in Britain, was ordained by Yeshivat Maharat and thus became Britain's first female Orthodox rabbi; she chose the title "rabba", the feminine form of rabbi.[238][239]
The Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) of the Seventh-day Adventist Church approved ordaining women pastors.[244]
Lorita Packwood and Jennie Foster Skelton were ordained as the first female deacons in the Anglican Church of Bermuda. This was the first time the Anglican Church of Bermuda ordained women for ministry.[245]
In June 2023, the Christian and Missionary Alliance of the United States approved women being ordained as pastors, but only if the women's local church leadership approves, and never as senior or lead pastors.[251]
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