Theodore Anastasios Kavalliotis (Greek: Θεόδωρος Αναστασίου Καβαλλιώτης; Aromanian: Teodor Anastasie Cavalioti;[1] Albanian: Theodor Kavalioti,[2] 1718 – 11 August 1789[3]) was a Greek Orthodox priest, teacher and a figure of the Greek Enlightenment.[4] He is also known for having drafted an Aromanian–Greek–Albanian dictionary.[5]
Theodore Kavalliotis | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1718 |
| Died | 1789 |
| Occupation(s) | Schoolmaster at the New Academy (Moscopole), Philosopher, Priest |
Early life
Theodoros Anastasiou Kavalliotis was born in Kavala or Moscopole, where he spent most of his life. He has been described variously as either Aromanian, Albanian[6] or Greek.[7] Regardless, Kavalliotis had a Greek identity.[8] He studied in Moscopole and later pursued higher studies in mathematical and philosophical sciences, at the Maroutseios college in Ioannina (in 1732-1734), directed by Eugenios Voulgaris.[9]
Working period
He returned to Moscopole and was appointed teacher at the New Academy (Greek: Νέα Ακαδημία, romanized: Nea Akadimia) in 1743.[10] In 1750, he succeeded his former teacher Sevastos Leontiadis and became director of the New Academy for more than 20 years (1748–1769).[11] His works, written in Greek, are: Logic (1749, unpublished), Physics (1752, unpublished), Grammar of modern Greek (1760), Metaphysics (1767), Protopeiria (1770). They were used extensively and hand-made copies were found even as far as Iaşi, Romania. After the destruction of Moscopole in 1769, he probably went to Tokaj, Hungary, but returned in 1773.[11]
In 1770, he published in Venice, at Antonio Bortoli's printing press, a school textbook, called Protopeiria.[12] Protopeiria is a 104 pages textbook, which in pages 15–59 included a trilingual lexicon of 1,170 Greek, Aromanian and Albanian words.[13] This work aimed at the Hellenization of the non-Greek-speaking Christian communities in the Balkans.[14][15] The lexicon was re-published in 1774 by the Swedish[16] professor Johann Thunmann, who taught at the University of Halle-Wittenberg. Thunmann added a Latin translation to the words in Greek, Aromanian and Albanian.[17]
Besides Eugenios Voulgaris, he was also influenced by the work of Vikentios Damodos, Methodios Anthrakites, René Descartes and medieval scholastics.[citation needed]
Kavalliotis couldn't manage to reestablish the destroyed New Academy.[18] During his last months he witnessed another wave of destruction of his home place, in June 1789, by local Muslim lords. Kavalliotis died at August 11, 1789, aged 71.[19]
Sample from the first page of the Lexicon
| Ῥωμαίϊκα (Romaic - modern Greek) | Βλάχικα (Vlach - Aromanian) | Ἀλβανίτικα (Albanian) | English translation | (Daco-)Romanian translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ἀββᾶς | Ηγούμενου (Igumenu) | Ηγκουμέν (Igumen) | Abbot | Egumen, abate, stareț |
| Ἀγαλια | Ανάργα (Anarga) | Γκαντάλε (Ngadalë) | Slowly | Încet, lent |
| Ἀγαπῶ | Βόη (Voe) | Ντούα (Dua) | (I) Love | Iubesc |
| Ἄγγελος | Άγγελου (Aghelu) | Έγγελ (Engjëll) | Angel | Înger |
| Ἀγγεῖον | Βάσου (Vasu) | Ένᾳ (Enë) | Pot | Vas |
| Ἀγγίσρι | Γκρέπου (Grepu) | Γκρέπ (Grep) | Fish hook | Cârlig |
| Ἀγελάδα | Βάκᾳ (Vaca) | Λιόπᾳ (Lopë) | Cow | Vacă |
| Ἅγιος | Σᾴμτου (Santu) | Σσιέντ (Shenjt) | Saint | S(f)ânt |
| Ἀγκάθι | Σκίνου (Schinu) | Γκιέπ (Gjemb) | Thorn | Ghimpe |
| Ἀγκάλη | Μπράτζᾳ (Mbrata) | Πουσστίμ (Pushtim) | Embrace | Îmbrățișare |
| Ἀγκοῦρι | Καϛραβέτζου (Castravetu) | Κραϛαβέτζ (Kastravec) | Cucumber | Castravete |
| Ἀγκῶνας | Κότου (Cotu) | Μπᾳλλίουλ (Bërryl) | Elbow | Cot |
| Ἀγνάντια | Καρσσί (Carsi) | Κουντρέ (Kundër) | Opposite | Opus, diferit |
Works
- Εἰσαγωγὴ εἰς τὰ ὀκτω μέρη τοῦ λόγου. Ἐν Μοσχοπόλει 1760 καὶ Ἑνετίῃσι 1774.
- Ἔπη πρὸς τὸν ἐξαρχικῶν ἐν Μοσχοπόλει ἐπιδημήσαντα Ἰωαννίκιον Χαλκηδόνος ἐν ἔτει 1750 Μαΐου 2.
- Πρωτοπειρία. (Starting out) Ἑνετίῃσιν, 1770. Παρὰ Ἀντωνίῳ τῷ Βόρτολι. Superiorum permissu. Ac privilegio.
References
Sources
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