Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug

The Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug^[a] was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Temir-Khan-Shura (present-day Buynaksk).^[1]

Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug Темир-Хан-Шуринский округ
Okrug
Location in the Dagestan Oblast
Country	Russian Empire
Viceroyalty	Caucasus
Oblast	Dagestan
Established	1867
Abolished	1922
Capital	Temir-Khan-Shura (present-day Buynaksk)
Area
• Total	6,218.38 km2 (2,400.93 sq mi)
Population  (1916)
• Total	136,234
• Density	22/km2 (57/sq mi)
• Urban	28.48%
• Rural	71.52%

Administrative divisions

The prefectures (участки, uchastki) of the Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug in 1917 were:^[2][3]

Name	1912 population	Area
Dzhengutayevskiy prefecture (Дженгутаевский участок)	33,330	720.86 square versts (820.38 km2; 316.75 sq mi)
Tarkinskiy prefecture (Таркинский участок)	9,842	1,866.78 square versts (2,124.51 km2; 820.28 sq mi)
Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy prefecture (Темир-Хан-Шуринский участок)	23,174	1,134.87 square versts (1,291.55 km2; 498.67 sq mi)
Chir-Yurtovskiy prefecture (Чиръ-Юртовский участок)	5,312	1,741.50 square versts (1,981.94 km2; 765.23 sq mi)
Tsrist. prom. Kut. (Црист. пром. Кут.)	1,613	–
Pom. N.-ka Tarkin. prefecture (Пом. Н.-ка Таркин. участок)	15,036	–

Demographics

Russian Empire Census

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug had a population of 97,348 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 54,052 men and 43,296 women. The majority of the population indicated Kumyk to be their mother tongue, with significant Avar-Andean, Dargin, and Russian speaking minorities.^[4]

Linguistic composition of the Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug in 1897^[4]

Language	Native speakers	%
Kumyk	49,730	51.08
Avar-Andean	15,194	15.61
Dargin	9,724	9.99
Russian	9,623	9.89
Jewish	2,787	2.86
Nogai	1,908	1.96
Ukrainian	1,750	1.80
Persian	1,631	1.68
Tatar[b]	1,261	1.30
Polish	1,024	1.05
Armenian	916	0.94
Kazi-Kumukh	588	0.60
Georgian	241	0.25
Lithuanian	234	0.24
German	189	0.19
Chechen	44	0.05
Belarusian	19	0.02
Kyurin	15	0.02
Tat	4	0.00
Other	466	0.48
TOTAL	97,348	100.00

Kavkazskiy kalendar

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug had a population of 136,234 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 72,367 men and 63,867 women, 100,896 of whom were the permanent population, and 35,338 were temporary residents:^[7]

Nationality	Urban		Rural		TOTAL
	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Sunni Muslims[c]	76	0.20	90,840	93.24	90,916	66.74
Russians	19,478	50.19	5,522	5.67	25,000	18.35
North Caucasians	7,109	18.32	0	0.00	7,109	5.22
Jews	5,034	12.97	848	0.87	5,882	4.32
Shia Muslims[d]	3,344	8.62	185	0.19	3,529	2.59
Armenians	2,064	5.32	22	0.02	2,086	1.53
Asiatic Christians	785	2.02	0	0.00	785	0.58
Other Europeans	736	1.90	12	0.01	748	0.55
Georgians	179	0.46	0	0.00	179	0.13
TOTAL	38,805	100.00	97,429	100.00	136,234	100.00

Notes

1. Russian: Темир-Хан-Шуринский округ, pre-reform orthography: Темир-Хан-Шуринскій округъ [tʲɪmʲɪr xan ʂʊrʲɪnskʲɪj ɐkrʊk]
2. Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".^[5][6]
3. Primarily Turco-Tatars.^[8]
4. Primarily Tatars.^[8]

References

1. Tsutsiev 2014.
2. Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 28–46.
3. Кавказский календарь на 1913 год, pp. 144–151.
4. "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-07-07.
5. Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
6. Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
7. Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 186–193.
8. Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.

Bibliography

• Bournoutian, George A. (2018). Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900–1914. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-06260-2. OCLC 1037283914.

• Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520019843.
• Кавказский календарь на 1913 год [Caucasian calendar for 1913] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022.
• Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
• Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus (PDF). Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300153088. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2023.

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