Tax holiday

A tax holiday is a temporary reduction or elimination of a tax. It is synonymous with tax abatement, tax subsidy or tax reduction. Governments usually create tax holidays as incentives for business investment, although the arrangement has also been characterized as a form of corporate welfare that leads to a redistribution of resources away from smaller businesses and private citizens and towards monopolies and other forms of consolidated wealth.

Tax relief can be provided in the form of tax concessions to assure the investment of new businesses or the retention of existing ones.^[1] Tax holidays have been granted by governments at national, sub-national, and local levels, and have included income, property, sales, VAT, and other taxes. Some tax holidays are extra-statutory concessions, where governing bodies grant a reduction in tax that is not necessarily authorized within the law. In developing countries, governments sometimes reduce or eliminate corporate taxes for the purpose of attracting foreign direct investment or stimulating growth in selected industries.

A tax holiday may be granted to particular activities,^[2] in particular to develop a given area of business,^[3] or to particular taxpayers.^[4] Researchers found that on sales tax holidays, households increase the quantities of clothing and shoes bought by over 49% and 45%, respectively, relative to what they buy on average.^[5]

Sales tax holidays in the United States

Not to be confused with Legal holidays by state

In New York, a statewide sales tax holiday was first enacted by the New York legislature in 1996, enabling the first tax-free week in January 1997. Local governments in New York were given the option of whether or not to participate; most accepted.^[6] Since then, the initiative has been adopted by thirteen states. It commonly takes the form of tax-free weekend lasting Friday through Sunday, usually during a major shopping period for necessities, such as just before school starts. During that period, sales tax is not collected on selected items, such as clothing and school supplies. The items subject to the sales tax exemption may also be restricted by price (e.g., clothing up to $100), but consumers are free to buy unlimited quantities of the included items.

As with other sales taxes, visiting residents of non-participating states who purchase tax-free goods (holiday or not) may still have to pay use tax on the goods they take home.

State (or equivalent)	Items Included	Period	Days
Alabama	clothing, computers, school supplies, books / severe weather preparedness[7]	3rd weekend in July / last weekend in February	3
Arkansas	clothing, school supplies, books[8]	1st weekend in August	2
Connecticut	clothing	3rd week in August	7
District of Columbia		Repealed[9]
Florida	clothing, school supplies, books	2nd week in August	3
Georgia	clothing, school supplies, computers (suspended in 2017)	1st weekend of August	4
Iowa	clothing	1st weekend of August	2
Louisiana	all TPP – $2,500, hurricane preparedness items – $1,500, firearms, ammunition and hunting supplies[10]	1st weekend of September	2
Massachusetts	Most items for which the sales tax would normally apply; purchases up to $2500 included[11]	2nd weekend of August	2
Maryland	clothing & footwear[12]	August 14–20	7
	Energy Star products	Feb 19–21, 2011	3
Missouri	clothing, school supplies, computers[13]	1st weekend in August	3
New Mexico	clothing, school supplies, computers	1st weekend of August	3
North Carolina	Repealed as of July 1, 2014
Oklahoma	clothing	1st weekend of August	3
South Carolina	clothing, school supplies, computers	1st weekend of August	3
Tennessee	clothing, school supplies, computers[14]	Last Friday of July	3
Texas	emergency supplies (e.g. batteries, flashlights)[15]	3rd weekend of April	3
	electrical products (e.g. air conditioners, light bulbs) with the Energy Star label[16]	Memorial Day weekend in May	3
	water products (e.g. toilets, soaker hoses) with the Water Sense label[17]
	clothing, diapers, backpacks, school supplies[18]	2nd weekend of August	3
Virginia	clothing, school supplies, green appliances, hurricane preparedness items	May, August, October	3

Five US states (Alaska, Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire, and Oregon) do not impose general sales taxes at all but may have excise taxes on specific categories of goods such as gasoline, E911, cigarettes, alcohol, or meals. See Sales taxes in the United States for details.

Some governments create tax-free weekends as incentives for business investment.