Wanetsi

Waṇetsi (Waneci: وڼېڅي), commonly called Tarīno (Waneci: ترينو), and sometimes Tsalgari (Waneci: څلګري), is a distinct variety of Pashto and is considered by some to be a different language. In some cases, Wanetsi shares similarities with the Pamir language of Munji, being a sort of bridge between the former and Pashto.^[2] It is perhaps a representation of a more archaic, or very early, form of Pashto.^[3]

Wanetsi
وڼېڅي
Native to	Pakistan
Region	Balochistan
Native speakers	150,000 (2020)[1]
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Iranian Eastern Iranian Southeastern Iranian Pashto Wanetsi
Writing system	Pashto alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3	wne
Glottolog	wane1241

It is spoken by the Tareen, Mashwani and other Pashtun tribes in Balochistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, primarily in Harnai (هرنای) (Harnai District) and Chawter (چوتېر) area in Sanjawi, Northern Balochistan, Pakistan.^[2] The language is at risk due to lack of attention and not liking it as a language by foreigners.^[4]

History

Professor Prods Oktor Skjærvø states:^[5]

"The Pashto area split into two dialect groups at a pre-literary period, represented today on the one hand by all the dialects of modern Pashto and on the other by Waṇeci and by archaic remains in other Southeast dialects"

— page 386

According to Encyclopædia Iranica Waṇetsi branched off from the other Pashto dialects in the Middle Iranian stage:^[6]

Some of Waṇetsi's particularities (e.g. šwī “twenty,” mōš “we,” [a]γa “of;” the pres. endings; retention of rž; loss of -t-) prove that it must have split off from Paṣ̌to at an early Middle Iranic stage, considerably before the constitution of a standard Paṣ̌to. They can scarcely have developed after the arrival of the Waṇetsi speakers in their present home, which is in no way topographically cut off from the rest of Paṣ̌to territory. These speakers must rather represent the forerunners of the main Paṣ̌tūn movement towards the east, but when and where they split off is at present impossible to say.

— Section F.

Research

ترين او ترينو

The first known linguistic research was conducted in 1929 by Georg Morgenstierne on Waṇetsi.^[7] Since then linguists like Josef Elfenbein have worked and researched on this archaic Pashto dialect.^[8][9][10] In his book, Syed Khair Muhammad Arif, "Tarin aw Tarīno" has also included a small dictionary of Waṇetsi.^[11] ٙBut much work remains to be done on understanding Waṇetsi.^[12]

Poetry

The Waṇetsi Poet Nizamuddin Nizami Tarin, a Spin Tarin from Chawter, has also compiled poetry in the language. An excerpt from his poem in Waṇetsi:

نيکۀ څېنه بړ سړا ده څۀ اړ توني چي بسيا ده خپل وېل مندې دې پای او خپله توره یې ساتیا ده پیني چرته رسېده ده موش ته پاته اومبې پلا ده یه وږده توره تارۀ ده پچي هر خپل پرېدا ده شپون ولس د کوڼ و کونګ ده هر سړا ځان ته بلا ده نۀ ډاکتر او نۀ طبیب سته با څانګال ده شېخ راغا ده خپل وطن مو خوارې ورېزې بېل داڼځوني پورې نا ده دا ورسو ځنګل یه لغ سوه مندې وور نسته وګا ده موش اوبۀ دې سپه ته خېزين وريځ سته ورکه تنا ده دا وطنه مرغان ورک سو څۀ ښکار ده که وبا ده با اغېنه سوړ چوتېر ده با اغه سړه هوا ده بالمي صدۍ میر خوت ده تا لا اغل شا شوریا ده راسه ژوېږ که زان ساماکه خيلک ټول سو ده څه دنیا ده داڅې قبر یې هوار سو ده دا ښاغله تا ابا ده تر هر چا یه یې مسېر تاغه لوړه جګه خوا ده ته لا تروسه چرته ورک یې کم پهار ده کم ګړا ده هله پورته سه لغ وریش سه بې تعلیمه کام تبا ده ما-و-تا مي پرېدي سوو داني ورېز دا ده راغیا ده څه بې تا يه يو جټ نۀ وي دا ده هر جټ مې بې تا ده تا څه خولې يه اېله کړ نظامي ګونه هريا ده

How strong/capable grandfather is, that in a hill-locked place [lit. tied place] he is prosperous. That on his own sustenance he survives, he has kept his own bravery [lit. sword]. The world has reached where [advanced], how much of a journey we have left for us. There is a long darkness, in it every relative is a stranger. The shephard nation is blind and dumb, every man is a constitution to oneself. Neither is their a doctor nor a traditional-doctor, there is a tsāngā́l [an animal-sacrifice conducted to ward off evil], the sacrificer [lit.holyman] has come. Our own land on a wretched day, till there is no bel-dāndzuṇí [a confederation formed in defence; made up of different tribes]. These meadows have become barren [lit. shaved-off] than a wasteland, on it there is no rain: there is wind. Our water is climbing down, there are clouds: lost is the thunder. From this country birds are lost, is it the hunt or the plague. Again it is like that cold Chawter, again that cold air. The preceding century's sun has risen, you still like that are laying on your back. Come make noise, make yourself known. People have gathered all around. That whose grave has been flattened that gentlemen is your father From everyone you are chief, your aspect is high and tall. Yet till now where are you lost: which season is it, which hour. Come-on go ahead wake-up a bit, without education a nation is destroyed. Me and you have also become strangers, such a day has come That from without you there was no moment, this every moment of mine is without you. That you have left from reality, Nizami has lost sin.

—نظام الدین نظامي ترين

Music

The singer Khayam Tareen (خيام ترين) has also sung songs in Waṇetsi.^[4]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Denti- alveolar	Alveolar	Retroflex	Post- alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular/ Glottal
Nasal		m		n	ɳ			ŋ
Plosive	voiceless	p	t̪		ʈ			k
	voiced	b	d̪		ɖ			ɡ
Affricate	voiceless			t͡s		t͡ʃ
	voiced			d͡z		d͡ʒ
Flap					ɽ
Fricative	voiceless			s		ʃ		x	h
	voiced			z		ʒ		ɣ
Approximant				l			j	w
Rhotic				r

• Waṇetsi has [ʃ] and [ʒ] for Pashto ښ and ږ, respectively.^[13]
• څ does not merge with [s] but can be pronounced as [t͡s] and ځ does not merge with [z] but can be pronounced as [d͡z].^[14]
• [h] is dropable in Waṇetsi e.g. هغه becomes اغه^[13]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e	ə	o
Open	a		ɑ

• Josef Elfenbein states: "ī and ū are not phonemically distinct from i and u respectively, and are pronounced [i] and [u] respectively when unstressed (and not [ɪ] and [ʊ] as in Kākaṛī), and [iː] and [uː] when stressed."^[15]
• There is a marked spontaneous tendency to palatalize "ī" as "yī" and "ē" as "yē"; and to labialize "ū" as "wū" and "ō" as "wo". Initial delabialization is common in "wū" as "ū" and "wō" as "ō".^[14]
• The stressed short "á" is often lengthened, and an unstressed long "ā" shortened.^[14]
• The standard weakening of final vowels in Waṇetsi makes the masculine-feminine gender distinction much less audible: [ə] and [a] are not phonemically distinct when unstressed in any position. But stressed final ә́ is kept apart from stressed á as in general Pashto.^[14]

Nasalisation

Waṇetsi also has vowel nasalisation which is transcribed as / ̃/ or ں in the Pashto alphabet.

Stress

Verbs

Like Pashto, verbs have final stress in the imperfective aspect and initial stress in the perfective aspect.

Imperfective (mostly Final Stress)	Meaning	Perfective (Initial Stress)	Meaning
چينستي čīnastī́	I was sitting	چينستي čī́nastī	I sat down

Examples:

Examples
	Waṇetsi	Southeastern Pashto	Translation
Impefective (čīnastī́)	زې چينستي خو اغه راغيا	زه کښېناستم خو هغه راغله	I was sitting [or about to sit] that she came
	ze čīnastī́ xo áğa rā́ğyā	zə kšenāstə́m xo hağá rā́ğla
Perfective (čī́nastī)	زې چينستي	زه کښېناستم	I sat
	ze čī́nasti	zə kšénāstəm

Words

Stress can also change the meaning of words, as in Pashto.

Example:

Word	IPA: following general stress pattern [penultimate syllable]	Meaning 1	IPA: following exception stress pattern	Meaning 2
جوړه	/ˈd͡ʒoː.ɽa/	well/healthy [feminine]; agreement/peace	/d͡ʒoː.ˈɽa/	a pair
Transliteration	jṓṛa		jōṛá

Subdialects

Tarīno is subdivided into the Harnāi variety and the Chawter variety.

Grammatical comparison with general Pashto

Adpositions

Possessive

The possessive postposition غه is used instead of د^[16]

Waṇetsi	General Pashto	Translation
غه ğa (postposition)	د dә (preposition)	of

Example:

	Waṇetsi	Southeastern	Meaning
Sentence	[2] اندي وګړي چي موش پيار غه څټ لېژدي وي	په دې کلي کې زموږ د پلار ډېر غويان وو	In this village our father had many bulls.
	indī́ wagaṛī́ čī moš pyār ğa tsaṭ leždī́ wī	pə de kə́li ke zmuž də plār ḍer ğwayā́n wu

Idiomatic Expression

Tareeno also varies from Pashto in idiomatic expression.

Example:

نهير¹ /nahī́r/ “thought” - used with the verb to hit

	Tareeno	Southeastern Pashto	Meaning
	ته دا نهير وله	ته داسې سوچ وکړه	Think like this
	tə dā nahīr wū́la
	you this thought hit [imperative]	you like-this thought do [imperative]

Verbal Suffixes

First Person Suffix

The first person verbal suffixes also change:

Waṇetsi	Pashto	Translation	Change noted
زې کي ze ki	زه کوم zә kawә́m	I do	م ← ي i ←әm
زې وايي ze wāyi	زه وايم zә wāyә́m	I say

Second Person Suffix

Some verbal suffixes like the feminine third person suffix [ه and ې] are the same:

Waṇetsi	Pashto	Translation
وياړه wyā́ṛa	لاړه lā́ṛa	She went
go:Aorist:Past:3Person:Singular:Feminine
وياړې wyā́re	لاړې lā́re	They [females] went
go:Aorist:Past:3Person:Plural:Feminine

Third Person Suffix

Past Suffix

Like standard Pashto the third person suffix for verbs with the root وتل the third person past suffix is different for the singular and plural.

Waṇetsi	Meaning	Standard
دغه سړا وته چووت dága saṛá watə čə́wot	that man entered it	دغه سړی ور ته ننووت dága saṛáy war tə nə́nawot
دغه سړي وته چواته dága saṛí watə čə́wātə	those men entered it	دغه سړی ور ته ننواته dága saṛí war tə nə́nātə

Comparison with general Pashto

Poetry

The following is provided by Zamir Gulbahar (ظمير ګلبهار), a Tareeno poet from Harnai:

Waṇetsi

Pashto

دلته مزي کزي کار ده يو بي خولې ګولې دې کانين پرېدي خلک' دې څه کې' خپل خپلوان دې يو بي نانين څه مټانو چي زور وين اغه خلک ټول پوره دي څه نستمن وين لايګړ وين اغه خلک ټول ماندۀ دي دا بې مايله خلک وکسه يو بي کاپن دې کانين دلته ټول تلهټ تلهټ دي که خواران دي که مال دار دي نه ې يې ګړي ډکتوب سته ټول روپيو پلس ګار دي بس دغه ډول خلک خوش دي بس دغني زوند دې نانين هر سړا هړکې هړکې ده ټولو خلکو کا هبره ده شور ده زونګه دې لګيا دي هر سړي غه کار ماندۀ ده زې دا وايي که دا زوند وين بس دغني زوند دې ما نين سدو بدو وسره نسته څه دا کمې خوا روان دي يو بي هګا نه دي بس زوېندي بنديګانان دي ګلبهاره ټول بې خوش سين که يو بي ته څه لار وانين

دلته زورور او کمزوری کار دی د يو بل خولې څخه خواړۀ کاږي پردي خلک' څه کوې' خپل خپلوان يو بل نه پرېږدي چې په مټو کې زور لري هغه خلک ګړد پوره دي چې بې وسه وي بې کسه (لا يوازی) وي هغه خلک ټول ماندۀ دي دا بې مينې خلک وګوره د يو بل څخه پرده اخلي دلته ګړد ستړي ستومانه دي که خواران دي که مال دار دي نه يې يو ساعت مړېدۀ شته ګړد په پيسو پسې ورک دي بس دغه شان خلک خوښ دي بس دغه شان ژوند نه پرېږدي هر سړی په تعضيله دی ټولو خلکو کړی بې صبري ده شور دی غوغه ده غوبل دی د هر سړي کار ماندۀ دی زه دا واييم که دغه ژوند وي بس دغه شان ژوند دې زما نه وي دا درک ور سره نشته دوی په کومې خوا روان دي له يو بل څخه خبر نه دي هسې ژوندي انسانان دي ګلبهاره ګړد به خوشحاله شي که يو بل ته څه نه څه لار پرېږدي

Lexical Comparison

The following list has been provided by the Waṇetsi poet Nizamuddin Nizami

Waṇetsi Pashto		Southeastern Pashto	Meaning
تره ژمي	taražmī́	ترژومۍ	the time of the evening where the darkness has not been fully come; the night where the moon is hidden
غوبله	ğūblə́	قبله	Kiblah
لهه	láha	شېله	a watercourse in which rain water flows and ultimately joins a river
لهړ	laháṛ	مانده	weak; tired
ژله	žə́la	ږغل	sludge, gravel
کولي	kūlí	کوډل	shack
پرڅله	partsála	برنډه	veranda
ګوګ	gōg	روشندان	roshandan; combined skylight and ventilating window.
ارغولا	arğōlá	لنګر	kitchen
غوله	ğṓla	صحن	patio
اربوی	orbṓy	هوېلي	haveli
درګه	dárga	دروازه/وړ	door
لېښت	lešt	لښته	stick
کاوي	kā́wi	لوښي	dishes
غاب	ğāb	ټولګي	plate
منګوټا	mangōṭá	کټو	cooking pot
چمچره	čimčarə́	کشهغه	spoon
کړېڅي	kṛetsí	د لرګي چمچي	a wooden spon
شپې تنا	špe tə̃ná	د شپې ځای	the place for the night
رېبون	rebún	قميص	shirt
بخڅه	buxtsə́	بوتوه	purse
لاس وينځونه	lās winzū́na	واشبېسن, سلمچي	washbasin
ګوډي	guḍī́	غړک	the handle for the press used to make buttermilk
بدني	badnī́	لوټه	a small jug/bucket
دنګ	dang	بوتل	bottle
مېژوا	mežwá	مېژوی	peg; tethering post; tied on a horse
خولبزه	xōlbáza	سرپوښ	lid, dish cover
لېڅکي	letskí	پرړه	rope
تبخا	tabxá	ټګونه	a flat pan
منګا	mangá	منګی	earthenware waterpot
رنګلون	ranglū́n	د رنګ لوټه	a container for colour
وړکې	waṛáke	وړۍ	wool
پوړدګ	pōrdág	پرتوګ	pant
پاخلې	pā́xle	پایڅې	the openings of a pant near the ankle; cuffs/hems
پټکا	paṭká	پټکی	turban
ییر	yayə́r	راشن	ration
غوړنه	ğwaṛə́na	کتنپلاوی	overseer/oversight
توڼه	tū́ṇa	بازار	market

Sentence Comparison

Sample 1

The following examples have been provided by Nizamuddin Nizami

Sample 1
Sentence No. [for corresponding audio]	Waṇetsi	General [Southeastern Pashto accent]	Translation
1	خور کور مې اغه توني ته نزدې ده	د خور کور مې هغې ځای ته نژدې دی	My sister's house is near to that place
	xūr kōr me áğa tūni tə nizdé da	də xor kor me háğe dzāy tə niždé day
2	زې اوبه غوزي	زه اوبه څښم	I am drinking water
	ze obə́ ğozí	zə obə́ čšə́m
3	موش څه غندم وکورو بیار بې وته درمو	موږ چې غنم وکرو نو بيا به ورځو	Once we plant the wheat, then we will go [to them]
	moš tsə ğandə́m wə́ kōru byār be watə dramū́	muž če ğanə́m wə́ karu no byā ba war dzú
4	ته غره یې کوز سه بیار به دې وسره خبرې وکي	ته د غرۀ نه راکوشه نو بيا به در سره خبررې وکړم	You come down from the mountain, then i will talk to you
	tə ğrə ye kū́z sa byār bə de wasará xabə́re wə́ kī	tə də ğrə na rā́kuša no byā bə dar sará xabə́re wə́ kṛam
5	آ چوره دې لونډه خوره	هغه نجلۍ ډوډۍ خوري	That girl over there is eating food
	ā čwára de lū́nḍa xwrə́	háğa njalə́i ḍoḍə́i xwri
6	ما لوشي واخسته	ما جامې واغستې	I wore clothes
	mā lōší wā́xstə	mā jāmé wāğaste
7	ته بي ښار ته ویاړې	ته بل ښار ته لاړې	You went to anothercity
	tə bi šār tə wyā́ṛe	tə bəl šār tə lā́ṛe
8	زمي چي دلته واوره ورېده	ژمي کې دلته واوره ورېده	In winter it was snowing here
	zə́mi či də́lta wā́wra waredá	žə́mi ke də́lta wā́wra waredá
9	مور یې مچنې ډلي	مور يې مېچنې ګرځولې	His/her/there mother was working the hand-mills
	mor ye mečə́ne ḍalī́	mor ye mečə́ne gardzawlé
10	ما واده چي لبه که	زه ګډېدم په وادۀ کې	I was dancing in the wedding
	mā wādə́ či lába ká	zə gaḍedə́m pə wādə́ ke
11	ته بډا سوې	ته بوډه شوې	You have become old
	tə buḍā́ swe	tə budá šwe
12	اغه ښځې اندي توني يه اورته ویاړه	هغه ښځه دې ځاي نه هلته لاړه	That woman went from this place to therere
	áğa šə́dze indī́ tūní ya ortá wyā́ṛa	háğa šə́dza de dzáyi na hálta lā́ṛa

Sample 2

The following examples have been provided by Nizamuddin Nizami

Sample 2
Sentence No. [fore corresponding audio]	Waṇetsi	General [Southeastern Pashto accent]	Translation
1	کاډي وچلوه	ګاډی وچلوه	Drive the car
	gā́di wə́ čalawa	gā́day wə́ čalawa
2	ته اورته مه درمه	ته هاغې خوا ته مه ځه	Don't go to that side [over there]
	tə ortá mə́ dramá	tə háğe x̌wā tə mə́ dza
3	اور بلو ده که مړ	اور بل دی که مړ	Is the fire alight/burning or extinguished
	awə́r baláw da kə maṛ	or bal day kə maṛ
4	اغه خلک دې ارغولي اوره مندې کاوي چینه وین	هغوی خلک د نغري په اور لوښي اېږدي	Those people keep dishware on hearth's fire
	áğa xalák de arğōlí awrə́ məndé kā́wi čīna wī́n	hağúi xalák də nağarí pə or lóši iždí
5	درګه بند نه وي نو دغه سړا وته چوت	ور بند نه و نو دغه سړی پې ور ننوت	The door was not closed so the man entered [through it]
	dárga band nə́ wi no dáğa saṛá watə čəwṓt	war band nə wə no dáğa saṛáy pe war nənawát
6	اس پرېووت	اس پرېووت	The horse feel
	as préwōt	as préwot
7	څوړي لا وړې دي او نهړې دي داګایه دې نه سین الوتا	مرغۍ لا وړې او کمزورې دي ځکه نه شي اوتلې	The birds are yet small and weak they cannot fly
	tsū́ṛi lā waṛé di aw nahṛé di dāgā́ya de nə́ sīn alwatā	marğə́i lā waṛé aw kamzóre di dzə́ka nə ši alwatə́le
8	ونه دې پرې که ده	ونه دې پرې کړې ده	Have you cut the tree / You have cut the tree
	wə́na de pré ka da	wə́na de pré kaṛe da
9	اغه مځکې یه غندم ورېبه	هغې ځمکې نه غنم ورېبه	Reap wheat from that land
	ága mdzə́ke ya ğandə́m wə́ reba	háğe dzmə́ke na ğanə́m wə́ reba
10	څه ووړه تېر سه نو بې اسپې تا مندې خرڅې کي	اوړي تېر شي نو اسپې به در باندې خرڅوم	Let the summer pass then I will sell the horse on you
	tsə wōṛá ter sa no be áspe tā mənde xartse kí	óri ter ši no áspe bə dar bā́nde xartsawə́m
11	تا کور کم وګړي چي ده	ستا کور کوم کلي کې دی	In which village is your house
	tā kor kam wagaṛī́ či da	stā kor kom kə́li ke day
12	دا چوره څو کالو غه ده	دا نجلۍ د څو کالو ده	How old is this girl
	dā čwára tso kā́lo ğa da	dā njlə́i də tso kā́lo da

Sample 3

The following examples have been provided by Nizamuddin Nizami

Sentence No. [fore corresponding audio]	Waṇetsi	General [Southeastern Pashto accent]	Translation
1	ته چرې یې	ته چېرته يې	Where are you
	tə čáre ye	tə čérta ye
2	دغه خوا یه راغا	دغې خوا نه راغی	He came from that direction
	dága xwā ya rā́ğā	dáğe xwā na rā́ğay
3	که تاس ویو او موش ویو نو بې هېڅ نه سین	که تاسو يئ او موږ يو نو هيڅ به نه کېږي	If you are there and we are there nothing will happen
	kə tās wyō aw moš wyū no be hets nə sī́n	kə tā́so yəi aw muž yu no hits bə nə kéži
4	میر ما مخ ته ده	لمر زما مخې ته دی	The sun is to my front
	mīr mā məx tə da	lmar zmā mə́xe tə day
5	اغه چوره څه لویه سین نو اله بې وته واک سپاري	هغه هلک چې لوی شي نو هله به ورته دا واک سپارم	When that boy grows up then I will entrust with this authority
	áğa čorá tsə lōyá sīn no ála be watə wāk spāri	háğa halə́k če loy ši no hála bə war tə dā wāk spārə́m
6	دا دریاب چي پارند بېړي ډبه سوه	په دې سيند کې پرون بېړۍ ډوبه شوه	In this river, yesterday a ship sank
	dā daryā́b či pārə́nd beṛi ḍə́ba swa	pə de sind ke parún beṛə́i ḍúba šwa
7	سېبه درختو چي پیخه سو	مڼې په ونو کې پخې شوې	The apples ripened in the trees
	sebə́ dəraxtó či pīxə́ su	maṇé pə wə́no ke paxé šwe
8	سېبه دې درختو چي پیخه سین	مڼې په ونې کې پخېږي	The apples are ripening in the trees
	sebə́ de dəraxtó či pīxə sī́n	maṇé pə wə́ne ke paxéži
9	زې لا اورته نه یي ید څه ویاړسي تا ته بې اوایي	زه لا هلته نه يم تللی چې لاړشم تا ته به وويم	I have not gone there yet when I go I will tell you
	ze lā ortá nə yi yad tsə wyāṛsī́ tā tə be uwayī́	za lā hálta nə yam tlə́lay če lā́ṛšam tā tə bə wə́ wayəm
10	سترګې ېې شنې دي	سترګې ېې شنې دي	His/her eyes are green
	stə́rge ye šne dī	stə́rge ye šne di
11	تر یه دوه درې څلورو پورې دې خالي ویا سي	تر يو دوه درې څلور پورې تش ویلی شم	I cam only say till one two three
	tər yə duə dre tsalór póre de xālí wayā́ si	tər yaw dwa dre tsalór póre taš wayə́lay šam
12	دا کپړه سره او کربي ده	دا کپړه سره او ښکلې ده	This cloth is red and beautiful
	dā kapṛá sra aw kə́rbī da	dā kapṛá sra aw škʊ́le da

Sample 4

The following examples have been provided by Nizamuddin Nizami

Sentence No. [fore corresponding audio]	Waṇetsi	General [Southeastern Pashto accent]	Translation
1	میر دې دو ګوتو پورې نس پټ	لمر په دوو ګوتو نه پټېږي	The sun does not hide by two fingers [a matal]
	mīr de dwū/dū gwə́to pṓre nə́s paṭ	lmar dwo gwə́to nə́ paṭéži
2	سونډې مندې مېچ مه انه (مانه)	په پوزې مچ مه پرېږده	Don't let a fly on your nose [a matal]
	sū́nḍe mə́nde meč mə́ ana [mā́na]	pə póza məč mə́ prežda
3	غوا یې ولوېسیا بیار یې پرې وښه اوخواړ	غوا يې ولوشله او بيا يې پرې واښه وخوړل	He/she milked the cow and then he/she made it eat hay/herbage
	ğwā ye wə́ lwesyā byār ye pre wašə́ ō-xwāṛ	ğwā ye wə́ lwəšəla aw byā ye pre wāšə́ wə́ xwaṛəl
4	آ اورې چرګانو هویې واچې	هاغو لرې خوا ته چرګانو هګۍ واچولې	The sun is to my front
	ā ōre čərgā́no hóye wā́če	hā́ğo lə́re xwā tə čərgā́no hagə́i wā́čawəle
5	ته ځنې څو جګ یې	ته ترې څونه دنګ يې	From him/her how tall are you
	tə dzə́ne tso jəg ye	tə tre tsóna dəng ye
6	دومبې سوچه مه وله	دومره سوچونه مه کوه	Don't think so much
	dṓmbe sočə́ mə́ wula	dū́mra sočū́na mə́ kawa
7	ګامېښې دې ورسو چي غړېږین	مېښې دې ورشو کښې څرېدې	[Your] buffalos [feminine] were grazing in the pasture
	gāméše de warsṓ cī gaṛežī́n	méše de waršó kše tsaredé
8	څپلي / چپړکې شپوکې که نا	څپلۍ/چپړې اغوندې که نه also څپلۍ / چپړې په پښو کوې که نه	Are you wearing the slipper or no
	tsaplī́ / čapṛáke špoké kə nā	tsaplə́i / čapáṛa ağundé kə nə also tsaplə́i / čapáṛa pə pšo kawé kə nə
9	اغې رېبون ونغاړي	هغې کميس ونغښتۀ	She folded the shirt
	áğe rebū́n wə́ nğāṛī	hağé kamís wə́ nğaštə
10	رېبنان ونغاړه	کميسونه ونغاړه	Fold the shirts
	rebnā́n wə́ nğāṛa	kamísū́na wə́ nğāṛa
11	ترژه ده او کهل مي ده	تږی دی او ستړی هم دی	He is thirsty and also tired
	tə́rža da aw kahál mī da	tə́žay day aw stə́ṛay ham day
12	تا حق خالي خپل کار لا کړنګ ته ده کله مي کار مېوې ته نه	ستا حق تش خپل کار يا کړنې ته دی کله هم د کار مېوې ته نه	Your right is only to your own work or action never-ever to the fruit of action
	tā hak xālī́ xpəl kār lā kṛang tə da kə́la mī kār mewé tə nə	stā hak taš xpəl kār yā kṛə́ne tə day kə́la ham də kār mewé tə nə

Grammar

Nouns - Morphology

Class 1

• Masculine Animate: mə́ser - elder (In general Pashto: mə́sər

Waṇetsi
	Singular	Plural
Direct	mə́ser	məserā́n
Oblique	məserə́	mə́serā́no

• Masculine Animate: lewә́- wolf

Waṇetsi
	Singular	Plural
Direct	lewә́	lewā́n
Oblique		lewā́no

• Masculine Animate: xar- donkey

	Singular	Plural
Direct	xar	xrā́n
Oblique	xrə́	xro

• Masculine Animate: pšə́ - tom-cat (in general Pashto: piš)

Waṇetsi
	Singular	Plural
Direct	pša	pšyā́n
Oblique	pšə́	pšyā́nū

• Masculine Inanimate: dārū́ - medicine

Waṇetsi
	Singular	Plural
Direct	dārū́	dārūwā́n
Oblique	dārūwē	dārūwo

• Masculine Inanimate: kor - house

Waṇetsi
	Singular	Plural
Direct	kor	korū́na
Oblique	korə́	korū́no

• Feminine Animate: pšī - cat (in general Pashto: piśó)

Waṇetsi
	Singular	Plural
Direct	pšī	pšyā́ne
Oblique	pše	pšyā́no

• Feminine Inanimate: lyār - way (in general Pashto: lār)

Waṇetsi
	Singular	Plural
Direct	lyār	lyā́re
Oblique	lyā́re	lyā́ro

• Feminine Inanimate: xwā́šī - mother-in-law

Waṇetsi
	Singular	Plural
Direct	xwā́šī	xwā́šī
Oblique		xwāšó

• Feminine Inanimate: čaṛə́ - mother-in-law

Waṇetsi
	Singular	Plural
Direct	čaṛə́	čaṛī́
Oblique	čaṛī́	čaṛó

• Feminine Inanimate: lergā́ - stick

	Singular	Plural
Direct	lergā́	lergī́
Oblique	lergī́	lergó

Class 2

• Masculine Animate: yirźá - bear (in general Pashto: يږ [yәẓ̌, yәg, yәź])

Waṇetsi
	Singular	Plural
Direct	yirźá	yirźiān
Oblique	yirźí	yirźío

• Masculine Animate: spa -dog (in general Pashto: spáy)

Waṇetsi
	Singular	Plural
Direct	spá	spiā́n
Oblique	spī́	spiā́no

• Masculine Inanimate: wagaṛá -village (in general Pashto: kə́lay)

Waṇetsi
	Singular	Plural
Direct	wagṛá	wagaṛyā́n
Oblique	wagaṛí	wagaṛyó

• Feminine Animate: spī - female-dog (in general Pashto spə́i)

Waṇetsi
	Singular	Plural
Direct	spī	spī
Oblique		spīu

Class 3

• Masculine Inanimate: špaźmi -moon (in general Pashto spoẓ̌mə́i, a feminine noun)

Waṇetsi
	Singular	Plural
Direct	شپږمي špaźmī́	špaźmí
Oblique		špaźmyó

• Feminine Inanimate: méle -celebration (in general Pashto melá)

Waṇetsi
	Singular	Plural
Direct	méle	méle
Oblique		melyú

Class 4

• Masculine Animate: spor- horseman

Waṇetsi
	Singular	Plural
Direct	spor	spārə́
Oblique	spārə́	spāró

• Masculine Inanimate: rebún - shirt

Waṇetsi
	Singular	Plural
Direct	rebún	rebnā́n
Oblique	rebnānə́	rebnā́no

Class 5

• Masculine Animate: ğal

Waṇetsi
	Singular	Plural
Direct	ğal	ğlúnə
Oblique	ğlə	ğlunó

Agglutinative Formation

The (e)ya case is agglutinative.^[14]

Waṇetsi	General Pashto	Translation
šā ya	də/lə šā nə	from the back
tsā́h ya	lə tsā́h nə	from the well
tsā ya	lə cā nə	from whom
xalxó ya	lə xalkó nə	from the people

Demonstratives

In Waṇetsi اغه [aɣa] functions for both Pashto دغه (this) and هغه (that).^[14]

	Singular		Plural
	Masc.	Fem.
Direct	áğa	áğa áğә	áğa áğe
Oblique	áğә	áğe	áğo áğu

Verb Infinitive

Where as General Pashto employs the ل [ә́l] to the past stem to make it infinitive, Waṇetsi employs نګ [ang] to the past stem to make it infinitive.^[14]

Waṇetsi	General Pashto	Translation
xwaṛang	xwaṛә́l	to eat
lambedang	lambedә́l	to bathe
wezang	waźә́l	to kill
wayang	wayә́l	to say
kṛang	kawә́l	to do
cinostang	kṣ̌enāstә́l	to sit

Bibliography

• J. H. Elfenbein, (1984). "The Wanetsi Connexion: Part I". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1): 54–76.
• J. H. Elfenbein, (1984). "The Wanetsi Connexion: Part II". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (2): 229–241.
• J. H Elfenbein, (1967). "Lanḍa Zor Wəla Waṇecī". Archiv Orientální. XXXV: 563–606.

See also

• Pashto Dialects
• Pashto Grammar
• Wazirwola
• Ormuri language
• Pamiri languages

References

1. Wanetsi at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)
2. "AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṧto, F. Waṇecī". G. Morgenstierne. Encyclopaedia Iranica Online Version. Archived from the original on 2012-01-22. Retrieved 2012-02-15. Phonology. Ir. -d- > -l- as in Paṣ̌tō (mlā "waist," xwala "sweat") but -t- > y/0 (sī "one hundred," šwī < *wšī "twenty," piyār "father," left as relicts in Kāk. pyār and plyār). In this respect Waṇeci agrees with Munǰī, but not with Paṣ̌to.
3. Morgenstierne, G. "AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṣ̌tō". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2021-05-20. F. Waṇecī. (63) Except for a few details, Paṣ̌tō dialects can be derived from a prototype not essentially different from the classical 10th/16th century literary language; they do not to any significant extent help us to reconstruct a more archaic form of Paṣ̌tō. There is only one dialect which stands decidedly apart, i.e., Waṇ(ecī) (or Tarīno)
4. "بلوچستان کې د پښتنو د ترینو لهجه چې پوهان وايي په ختمیدو ده". VOA (in Pashto). Retrieved 2021-03-21. خو پوهان وايي په محدوده کچه د وویل کیدو له امله د ترینو لهجه د ختمیدو سره مخامخ ده
5. Schmitt, Astrid (1989). "Pashto". Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum. L. Reichert. p. 386. ISBN 978-3-88226-413-5.
6. "AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṣ̌tō". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
7. Morgenstierne, Georg (1932). Report On a Linguistic Mission to North-Western India. pp. 12–14. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
8. Elfenbein, Josef (1967). "Lanḍa Zor Wəla Waṇecī". Archiv Orientální. XXXV: 563–606.
9. Elfenbein, J. (1984). "The Wanetsi Connexion. Part II: Glossary". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 116 (2): 229–241. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00163579. ISSN 0035-869X. JSTOR 25211709.
10. Elfenbein, J. H. (1984). "The Wanetsi Connexion: Part I". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 116 (1): 54–76. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00166122. ISSN 0035-869X. JSTOR 25211626.
11. ʻĀrif, Khayr Muḥammad (2011). Tarīn aw tarīno yaw tārīkhī aw taḥqīqī ṡeṛanah. Puṣhto Ikayḍīmī (Quetta, Pakistan). Koṭah: Puṣhto Akādimī Koṭah. LCCN 2011329618.
12. "بلوچستان کې د پښتنو د ترینو لهجه چې پوهان وايي په ختمیدو ده". VOA (in Pashto). Retrieved 2021-03-21.
13. Kaye, Alan S. (1997-06-30). Phonologies of Asia and Africa: (including the Caucasus). Eisenbrauns. p. 742. ISBN 978-1-57506-019-4.
14. Elfenbein, J. H. (1984). "The Wanetsi Connexion: Part I". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1): 61. ISSN 0035-869X. JSTOR 25211626.
15. Kaye, Alan S. (1997-06-30). Phonologies of Asia and Africa: (including the Caucasus). Eisenbrauns. p. 750. ISBN 978-1-57506-019-4.
16. Josef, Elfenbein. "Lanḍa, Zor Wəla! Waṇecī". Archiv Orientální. XXXV: 574.

External links

• Word list of terms in Waṇetsi and other languages