Testis-expressed protein 14

Testis-expressed protein 14 is a protein in humans encoded by the TEX14 gene, and is 1497 amino acids in length.^[5] TEX14 plays a vital role in the formation of germ cells, as it is an essential component of the mammalian germ cell interphase bridge.^[6]

TEX14
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3WUT, 3WUU
Identifiers
Aliases	TEX14, CT113, testis expressed 14, intercellular bridge forming factor, SPGF23
External IDs	OMIM: 605792; MGI: 1933227; HomoloGene: 12838; GeneCards: TEX14; OMA:TEX14 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 17 (human)[1] Band 17q22 Start 58,556,678 bp[1] End 58,692,055 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 11 (mouse)[2] Band 11|11 C Start 87,295,891 bp[2] End 87,446,649 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right testis left testis gonad oocyte secondary oocyte testicle sperm cerebellar cortex cerebellar hemisphere right hemisphere of cerebellum Top expressed in spermatocyte spermatid seminiferous tubule zygote Gonadal ridge secondary oocyte ovary primary oocyte cumulus cell morula More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding nucleotide binding protein kinase binding protein kinase activity ATP binding Cellular component cytoplasm chromosome chromosome, centromeric region extracellular exosome intercellular bridge midbody kinetochore Biological process cell cycle negative regulation of cytokinesis cell division protein phosphorylation negative regulation of protein binding mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling male meiotic nuclear division intercellular bridge organization attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore mitotic sister chromatid separation cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 56155 83560 Ensembl ENSG00000121101 ENSMUSG00000010342 UniProt Q8IWB6 Q7M6U3 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001201457 NM_031272 NM_198393 NM_001199293 NM_031386 RefSeq (protein) NP_001188386 NP_112562 NP_938207 NP_001186222 NP_113563 Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 58.56 – 58.69 Mb Chr 11: 87.3 – 87.45 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

An orthologue of TEX14 exists in other mammals, also called TEX14.

Function

During cell division, specifically in telophase, the spindle is converted into a midbody. This midbody contains a ring of TEX14, which gradually travels outwards as cell division progresses. Finally, TEX14 marks the ends of the intercellular bridge.^[7]

Clinical significance

Male mice and male pigs that lack normal TEX14 are incapable of producing functional sperm, and thus are infertile.^[6][8] However, TEX14-knockout female mice are not infertile.^[9]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000121101 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000010342 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "TEX14 Gene - GeneCards | TEX14 Protein | TEX14 Antibody". www.genecards.org. Archived from the original on 2022-09-28. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
6. Greenbaum MP, Yan W, Wu MH, Lin YN, Agno JE, Sharma M, et al. (March 2006). "TEX14 is essential for intercellular bridges and fertility in male mice". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (13): 4982–4987. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.4982G. doi:10.1073/pnas.0505123103. PMC 1458781. PMID 16549803.
7. Greenbaum MP, Ma L, Matzuk MM (May 2007). "Conversion of midbodies into germ cell intercellular bridges". Developmental Biology. 305 (2): 389–396. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.02.025. PMC 2717030. PMID 17383626.
8. Sironen A, Uimari P, Venhoranta H, Andersson M, Vilkki J (December 2011). "An exonic insertion within Tex14 gene causes spermatogenic arrest in pigs". BMC Genomics. 12 (1): 591. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-12-591. PMC 3248578. PMID 22136159.
9. Greenbaum MP, Iwamori N, Agno JE, Matzuk MM (March 2009). "Mouse TEX14 is required for embryonic germ cell intercellular bridges but not female fertility". Biology of Reproduction. 80 (3): 449–457. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.108.070649. PMC 2805395. PMID 19020301.