The St. Louis–San Francisco Railway, commonly called the Frisco, was incorporated in Missouri on September 7, 1876. It was formed from the Missouri Division and Central Division of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad. This land grant line was one of two railroads (the other being the M-K-T) authorized by the federal government to build across Indian Territory.
The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad (known simply as the Santa Fe), interested in the A&P right of way across the Mojave Desert to California, took the road over but went bankrupt in 1893. The receivers retained the western right of way but divested the ATSF of the St. Louis–San Francisco mileage on the Great Plains. After bankruptcy, the Frisco emerged as the St. Louis and San Francisco Railroad, incorporated on June 29, 1896.[3][4] It later also declared bankruptcy.
In 1903, Frisco executives engaged in negotiations to purchase large tracts of land in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana "up to the Orleans Parish line" as part of plans of "gigantic scope" to further the expansion of the company's rail lines and operations facilities across the state. As part of this plan, the executives proposed relocation of the residents of the historically Black community of Fazendeville to the much smaller, neighboring village of Versailles, which was described as a "settlement consist[ing] merely of a row of very small properties along a public road running at right angles from the river to the railroad track"; however, many of Fazendeville's residents resisted and then ultimately refused the railway's financial offers. According to one of the newspapers which reported on those plans, "The Frisco road cannot obtain title to the National Cemetery, but is after all the rest of the river front, and wants to cross the present public road practically at grade in many public places."[5]
In 1901, the Frisco took control of the Fort Worth and Rio Grande Railway, which it operated as an independent subsidiary, and constructed several extensions of the latter. However, after the Frisco entered bankruptcy in 1913, it made no further extensions of the FW&RG, which in most years failed to make a net profit.[6] In 1937 the Frisco sold the FW&RG to the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway for $1.5 million, giving the latter an entry into Fort Worth from the west.
On August 24, 1916, the Frisco was reorganized as the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway, though the line never went west of Texas, terminating more than 1,000 miles (1,600km) from San Francisco.
The base of operations for the Frisco was Springfield, Missouri. There were three separate back shop facilities in and around the city: North Side, which handled light locomotive repairs; South Side, inherited from the Kansas City, Fort Scott and Memphis, for heavy locomotive repairs and overhauls; and West Side, which were the primary car shops for the railroad. In 1912 a new facility was built in Memphis, Tennessee to handle the eastern section of the system, consisting of a yard, roundhouse terminal, and car shops. At Kansas City, Missouri was another substantial back shop site, consisting of a roundhouse terminal and several shop buildings served by a transfer table.[7]
The city of Frisco, Texas, was named after the railroad and uses the former railroad's logo as its own logo. The logo is modeled after a stretched-out raccoon skin[8][9] (giving rise to Frisco High School's mascot, the Fighting Raccoons).
The Sunnyland at Birmingham Alabama's Union Station on April 15, 1963
While the Texas Special may be the most famous passenger train operated by Frisco, it was just one of a fleet of named trains. These included:
Black Gold (a joint Frisco–Katy operation inaugurated between Tulsa and Houston on January 23, 1938, and continuing until January 18, 1960)[10]
The Bluebonnet (St. Louis to San Antonio—with through service by M-K-T—leaving early afternoon, arriving Dallas/Ft. Worth the next morning, and arriving San Antonio late afternoon.)[11][12]
Chadwick Flyer (Branch line from Springfield to Chadwick, Missouri; discontinued by March 1933)[13]
Firefly (at various times serving St. Louis, Kansas City, Fort Scott, Tulsa, and Oklahoma City.[14] This was Frisco’s first streamliner, and the first streamliner to be built in the southwest, the streamline modifications being done by Frisco itself)[14]
General Wood (Originally between St. Louis and Springfield, Missouri, from May 1941; truncated in June 1942 to service between St. Louis and Newburg, Missouri; and, discontinued entirely in the fall of 1946.)[15]
Texas Limited (St. Louis–Springfield–Dallas, with through service to Houston–Galveston)[16]
Texas Special (St. Louis–Springfield–Dallas–Ft. Worth, with through service to Austin–San Antonio)[16]
Will Rogers (St. Louis–Oklahoma City/Wichita by day, 1936–1965; with through service northbound out of St. Louis to Chicago via the Alton Railroad or Wabash Railroad)[12]
1899 poster showing a boy and a girl in a Frisco waiting room
The core of the former Frisco system continues to be operated by BNSF Railway as high-density mainlines. Other secondary and branchlines have been sold to shortline operators or have been abandoned altogether.
Kansas City – Springfield – Memphis – Birmingham: Operated by BNSF
St. Louis – Springfield – Tulsa – Dallas: Operated by BNSF
Frisco 73, a 2-6-0 "Mogul" built by Baldwin in 1916.[17] It has 19-inch cylinders and 49.5-inch driving wheels.[17] Numbered as 34 when Frisco acquired its owner, the Jonesboro, Lake City and Eastern Railroad in 1925, the locomotive was renumbered to 73 and kept by the Frisco until sold on September 19, 1945, to the Delta Valley and Southern Railway, a short line operator in northeast Arkansas.[17] It is preserved on the Lee Wesson Plantation in Victoria, Arkansas[18] under the Delta Valley & Southern Locomotive No. 73 name with no visible numbers on the cab or tender,[19] but with the original Frisco raccoon-skin-shaped number board and "73" on its nose.[17]
Frisco 76 and Frisco 77, 2-8-0 Consolidation-type engines built as Numbers 40 and 41 by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in December, 1920 for the Jonesboro, Lake City and Eastern Railroad.[20] When that line became part of the Frisco, the locomotives were re-numbered as 76 and 77.[20] After performing freight service for years, both engines were sold in 1947 to the Mississippian Railway where they retained the Frisco numbers.[20] Following several further changes in ownership for each engine,[20][21] #76 is now owned by the Oakland B&O Museum in Oakland, Maryland, where it has been renumbered and relettered as the Baltimore & Ohio 476,[22][23] and #77 is now with Alberta Prairie Railway in Stettler, Alberta, where it pulls excursion trains and has been renumbered back to 41.[21]
Frisco 1351, built in 1912 as a 2-8-0 Consolidation (Frisco 1313), and converted by Frisco to a 2-8-2 Mikado in November 1943.[24] Now on static display in Collierville, Tennessee.[25]
Frisco 1352, built by ALCO in 1912 as a 2-8-0 Consolidation (Frisco 1321), and converted by Frisco in June 1944 to a 2-8-2 Mikado.[26] This was sent to Taylorville, Illinois in 2008 and was disassembled, awaiting restoration to operating condition.[27] In November, 2023, it was reported that the Essex Steam Train & Riverboat in Essex, Connecticut, which is a heritage railroad that is operated by the Valley Railroad Co., purchased No. 1352.[28]
Frisco 1355, built by ALCO in 1912 as a 2-8-0 Consolidation (Frisco 1318), and converted in October 1945[26] to a 2-8-2 Mikado in Frisco's main shops in Springfield.[29] Given that the 1350–1356 series were both the last steam locomotives rebuilt by Frisco and the last Mikados built anywhere in the United States, No. 1355 is the last surviving.[26] Following refurbishment by Frisco, it was donated to the City of Pensacola and moved to a location on Garden Street in that city in March 1957,[30] near the site of the SLSF passenger depot demolished in 1967.[citation needed] Additional refurbishment was done by the Naval Brig Staff of the Pensacola Naval Air Station in late 1991 and early 1992.[30]
Frisco 1529, a Baldwin 4-8-2 Mountain-type, delivered in 1926.[31] The locomotive pulled a train carrying PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt in 1934, and was eventually the last steam engine to make a passenger run for Frisco. Now on static display in Frisco Park in Amory, Mississippi.[35]
Frisco 1615 and the other locomotives in Frisco-series 1600 were 2-10-0Russian locomotive class Ye (Russian Decapods) with a 5’ gauge built for the Tsarist government in Russia.[31] When that government was overthrown before delivery, the units were rebuilt as standard-gauge locomotives (by fitting extra-wide tires on the wheels)[39] and sold through the United States Railroad Administration to American railways.[31] Frisco acquired 20 of the units (17 directly from the government, 3 from other companies), which became Nos. 1613 to 1632.[40] Of these, Nos. 1615, 1621, 1625, 1630 and 1632, all coal-burning, were later sold in the 1951 timeframe to Eagle-Picher and used to haul lead and zinc from the Picher Field to the E-P mill in Miami, Oklahoma.[40][41] All these units were placed in storage by 1957 when that operation was closed.[40] By 1964, homes were being sought for all of these engines.[40] Frisco 1615, built in 1917 as part of Frisco’s first batch of engines (Nos. 1613–1623) which were constructed by ALCO’s Richmond Locomotive Works in the fall of 1917 and spring of 1918, was acquired by the City of Altus, Oklahoma, on October 22, 1967, and remains on static display there.[40][41]
Frisco 1621 is another 2-10-0 Russian Decapod, built in 1918. On static display at the National Museum of Transportation in St. Louis, Missouri.[42]
Frisco 1630 is another 2-10-0 Russian Decapod, part of Frisco's batch (Nos. 1626–1632) which were all constructed by Baldwin in 1918.[40] It has been in excursion service at the Illinois Railway Museum in Union, Illinois, since 1967, and is considered by the museum as their most famous locomotive.[44]
Frisco 3695 is a Frisco-series 3600 locomotive, which were 0-6-0switch engines built between August, 1883, and July, 1906.[46] Ninety-five in number, the only survivor is No. 3695, built in July, 1906 by the Baldwin Locomotive Works and serving Frisco thirty-one years before being sold to the Scullin Steel Company and renumbered No. 95.[46][47] The engine was donated in 1956 and is on display at the National Museum of Transportation in St. Louis.[47]
Frisco 3749 is a Frisco-series 3700 locomotive, which was a class of forty-six 0-6-0 switch engines built between 1906 and 1910.[48] However, another source says No. 3749 in particular was built in 1913, by the Baldwin Locomotive Works.[49] Retired from Frisco service in 1952, the engine was leased to the Atmore Prison Farm in Atmore, Alabama, before being used in 1956 as a prop in an MGM movie, The Wings of Eagles, starring John Wayne.[48] After later sitting idle for a number of years and being sold for scrap, the engine was moved to the Church Street Station in Orlando, Florida, as a static display.[48] In 2012 it was acquired and put on display by the Florida Railroad Museum.[49]
Frisco 4018, a coal-burning 2-8-2 Mikado built in 1919 by Lima which is on static display at Sloss Furnaces in Birmingham, Alabama.[50] This locomotive has the distinction of being the last Frisco steam locomotive in regular service, completing its final run (a five-mile trek from Bessemer to Birmingham, Alabama) on February 29, 1952.[51]
Frisco 4500, a 4-8-4 oil-fired Northern-type built in 1942,[52] on static display in Tulsa, Oklahoma, being a locomotive which pulled the Frisco's crack Meteor passenger train.[53]
Frisco 4501, an oil-fired 4-8-4[52] on static display at the Museum of the American Railroad in Frisco, Texas,[43] also a former Meteor locomotive.
Frisco 4524, another wartime 4500-series 4-8-4 coal-fired Northern-type,[52] donated to Springfield, Missouri, in November 1954,[55] now on static display at the Railroad Historical Museum inside Grant Beach Park in Springfield, and wearing the "Frisco Faster Freight" paint scheme.[56][57] Being the last engine of the last group of steam locomotives that Frisco purchased, this engine has the distinction of being the last steam locomotive built for the Frisco.[52]
Diesel locomotives
Frisco 200, a Baldwin VO-1000 switcher and Frisco’s very first diesel locomotive of any kind, was sold to the Navy, which in 2015 sold it to the Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum located in Chattanooga, Tennessee, which has it stored out of service.[58] The U.S. Navy acquired a number of the Frisco VO-1000 diesels, reportedly including Numbers 200-203 and 205-206.[59] Other units may still be in use by the Navy, or may have been sold to other parties.[59]
Frisco 261 is an EMD NW2, that later became Burlington Northern #421. It is currently in its Burlington Northern livery and is in the collection of the Great Plains Transportation Museum in Wichita, KS.[60]
Frisco 358 is an operational General Motors EMD SW1500, repainted to BN 63 livery, then BNSF 3443, and finally in 2024 to BJRY 1501. Currently owned and operated by Burlington Junction Railway ("BJRY"); it is one of the local switchers on the BJRY Burlington, Iowa local line.[61]
Frisco 814 is an operational General Motors EMD F9A, located at the Oklahoma Railway Museum in Oklahoma City.[62] (Note: While the locomotive has been lettered by the museum as Frisco, this was not a Frisco unit. It was originally purchased in 1954 by the Northern Pacific Railway, Road Number 7003-D, and became the Burlington Northern Railroad 814 due to a merger.[62] The Frisco's only operation of F9A units occurred when two of the line's EMD F3A units were converted into F9A units.[63])
Locomotives with 4-4-0 wheel arrangements, known as the "American" type because they were considered for many years to be the standard in American locomotives, originally served Frisco in great numbers.[68] In July, 1903, the Frisco had 159 4-4-0's in service, built by twenty-five different companies.[68] Frisco renumbered its units in that year, assigning the 4-4-0's either numbers between 1-299 (140 units), or 2200-series numbers (19 units).[68] The oldest Frisco 4-4-0 locomotive was No. 47, built in 1869 by Hinkley Locomotive Works.[68] The last serving 4-4-0's were retired in 1951.
Even more numerous on the Frisco were 4-6-0 "Ten-wheelers."[69] The first such engines entered the Frisco system in 1870.[69] By 1903, Frisco had a fleet of 430 such locomotives, which were renumbered that year into seven class series, using 400, 500, 600, 700, 1100, 1400, and 2600-series numbers.[69] The last 4-6-0s on the Frisco roster were the 1400 series, with the last engine to be retired from service being #1409, dismantled and sold for scrap in November, 1951.[69]
Frisco-series 2100 equipment consisted of self-propelled rail motor-cars, mostly gas-electric models,[70] with a few gas-mechanical models given 3000-series numbers.[71][72][73] These railway vehicles were commonly known as "Doodlebugs" for their insect-like appearance and the slow speeds at which they would doddle or "doodle" down the tracks.[70] These were used to service various low-volume branch lines in the Frisco organization.[70][74] An initial order for ten was placed in 1910, with seven more arriving by 1913, putting Frisco in the forefront of gas-electric operation at that time.[70] The initial batch, numbered 2100 to 2109, included nine baggage-coach combinations, as well as one baggage-mail-coach unit.[70] Frisco's peak year for motor-car mileage was 1931, and its fleet at that time included twenty-three gas-electrics, five gas-mechanical cars, four trailer coaches, and six mail-baggage units.[70] The final Frisco run of a Doodlebug was on November 8, 1953, when No. 2128 traveled from Ardmore, Oklahoma, for the four hour trip to Hugo, Oklahoma.[70]
Two series of Frisco locomotives not surviving were Frisco 4300s and 4400s. These were all 4-8-2 units assembled by Frisco itself in the late 1930s to the early 1940s from other locomotives. Eleven, being units 4300 through 4310, were built in 1936 and 1937 from used 2-10-2 parts. They had 27-by-30-inch (690mm ×760mm) cylinders, 70-inch (1,780mm) drivers, a boiler pressure of 250psi (1.7MPa), and a tractive effort of 66,400 pounds-force (295kN), weighing 431,110 pounds (195.55t). Another twenty-three 4-8-2s were built using the boilers from 2-10-2s between 1939 and 1942. Units 4400 through 4412 were oil-burning, while units 4413 through 4422 burned coal. These locomotives had 29-by-32-inch (740mm ×810mm) cylinders, 70-inch (1,780mm) drivers, a boiler pressure of 210psi (1.4MPa), and a tractive effort of 68,600 pounds-force (305kN). Weighing in at 449,760 pounds (204.01t), they were the heaviest Mountain-type locomotives ever built.[35]
Frisco’s first acquisition of diesel locomotives came in November 1941, when the line received five Baldwin VO-1000 switchers of a 1,000-horsepower (750kW) each.[75][76] Frisco started a serious dieselization program in 1947, which took about five years.[77] When the period of steam power ended for Frisco in February 1952 with the last run of steam engine 4018, the Frisco’s diesel fleet included seventeen 2,250hp (1,680kW) passenger, six 2,000hp (1,490kW) passenger, twelve 1,500hp (1,120kW) combination freight and passenger, one hundred and twenty-three 1,500hp freight, one hundred and thirty-three 1,500hp general purpose, eleven 1,000hp general purpose, and one hundred and five yard-switcher units, for a total of 407 diesel locomotives.[78] At that time, the Frisco became the largest Class I railroad in the U.S. to be operating strictly with diesel power.[77]
The Frisco gave names to its 2000-series diesel passenger locomotives, EMD E7 and (mostly) EMD E8 units,[79] using the theme of famous horses.[80] These included racehorses such as Gallant Fox (No.2011), Sea Biscuit (No.2013), and Citation (No.2016).[80] However, other horses also made the list: for instance, when No.2022 was rebuilt after a wreck, it was given the name of Champion, after ex-Frisco-employee Gene Autry’s trusty steed in the movies.[80]
The amusement parkSilver Dollar City in Branson, Missouri, runs multiple diesel-fired or heating oil-fired steam trains around the park on its 2-foot-gauge rail line, known as the Frisco Silver Dollar Line. The Frisco operated in that part of the country, and supplied construction help to the Park, along with the rails and ties, back when this line was being built in 1962. Perhaps for these reasons, the trains sport the Frisco name and logo. However, this was never an actual Frisco rail line, and the steam locomotives started life as industrial engines on German intraplant railroads, not as actual rolling stock on the Frisco.[81]
Northeast Oklahoma Railroad: December 27, 1963 (Division dissolved February 27, 1967; Roads involved include: NEO RR, Oklahoma, Kansas and Missouri Interurban Railroad, Joplin and Pittsburg Railway and Oklahoma Traction Company)
Asset absorptions
The following is a list of partial or full asset absorptions, many times through bankruptcy courts or creditors. In some cases the Frisco was a creditor. Assets can include mineral rights, property, track and right of way, trains, bonds, mortgages, etc.
"The Pride of Pensacola"(PDF). All Aboard, The Frisco Railroad Museum, October–November 1992 (accessed on CondrenRails.com). Retrieved January 20, 2021.
Railroad, Museum of the American. "Steam Locomotives". www.museumoftheamericanrailroad.org. Archived from the original on June 27, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2015.
"The Great Frisco Bridge"(PDF). Michael Finger, All Aboard, The Frisco Railroad Museum, January–February, 1993 (accessed on CondrenRails.com). Retrieved January 31, 2021.
"Doodlebugging on the Frisco, Part II"(PDF). All Aboard, The Frisco Railroad Museum, April, 1988 (accessed on CondrenRails.com). Retrieved October 10, 2020.
"Doodlebugging on the Frisco"(PDF). All Aboard, The Frisco Railroad Museum, October–November, 1991 (accessed on CondrenRails.com). Retrieved January 20, 2021.
"Doodlebugging on the Frisco"(PDF). All Aboard, The Frisco Railroad Museum, August–September, 1991 (accessed on CondrenRails.com). Retrieved January 20, 2021.
"Doodlebugging on the Frisco"(PDF). All Aboard, The Frisco Railroad Museum, December 1991-January 1992 (accessed on CondrenRails.com). Retrieved January 20, 2021.
"Yard Power Part Five, Three Pairs"(PDF). All Aboard, The Frisco Railroad Museum, March–April 1993 (accessed on CondrenRails.com). Retrieved January 31, 2021.
"Era of Steam Power Ends on Frisco"(PDF). All Aboard, The Frisco Railroad Museum, August 1987 (accessed on CondrenRails.com). Retrieved January 24, 2021.
"Frisco First Generation Diesels"(PDF). All Aboard, The Frisco Railroad Museum, September 1987 (accessed on CondrenRails.com). Retrieved January 24, 2021.
"Railroad Era Resources Of Southwest Arkansas, 1870-1945". Arkansas Historic Preservation Program (a National Park Service “National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form” filing), 1996, p.19. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
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