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Sphenacodontoidea
Superfamily of synapsids From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Sphenacodontoidea is a node-based clade that is defined to include the most recent common ancestor of Sphenacodontidae and Therapsida and its descendants (including mammals).[1] Sphenacodontoids are characterised by a number of synapomorphies concerning proportions of the bones of the skull and the teeth.[2][3]
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The sphenacodontoids evolved from earlier sphenacodonts such as Haptodus and Ianthodon via a number of transitional stages of small, 1-10 kg, faunivore animals.[1] The possible common ancestor of sphenacodontids and therapsids was a carnivorous synapsid that reached moderate or large size and more closely resembled the land-dominant Early Permian sphenacodontids than the small Haptodus.[2] The first predators among Sphenacodontoidea, like Shashajaia, appeared in the tropical western part of Pangea in the Late Carboniferous.[1] Later, in Permian, sphenacodontoids gave rise to the dominant terrestrial carnivores in both sphenacodontid and therapsid groups.[2]
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Classification
The following taxonomy follows Fröbisch et al. (2011) and Benson (2012) unless otherwise noted.[4][5]
Class Synapsida
- Sphenacodontoidea
- Family †Sphenacodontidae
- Therapsida
Phylogeny
Sphenacodontoidea in a cladogram modified from Huttenlocker et al. (2021):[1]
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See also
References
Further reading
External links
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