Sōya Main Line

The Sōya Main Line (宗谷本線, Sōya-honsen) is a Japanese railway line operated by Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido) in Hokkaido. The line connects Asahikawa Station in Asahikawa and Wakkanai Station in Wakkanai, and is the northernmost railway line in Japan. The name comes from Sōya Subprefecture.

Sōya Main Line
Super Sōya limited express train in March 2006. The name was changed to Sōya in 2017.
Overview
Native name	宗谷本線
Status	In operation
Owner	JR Hokkaido
Locale	Hokkaido
Termini	Asahikawa Wakkanai
Stations	39
Service
Type	Heavy rail
Operator(s)	JR Hokkaido
Rolling stock	KiHa 261 series DMU, KiHa 54 series DMU, KiHa 40 series DMU
History
Opened	1898
Technical
Line length	259.4 km (161.2 mi)
Number of tracks	Double (Asahikawa to Kita-Asahikawa) Single (the rest)
Character	Rural
Track gauge	1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
Electrification	AC 20 KV 50 Hz overhead lines (Asahikawa - Kita-Asahikawa, for freight trains only, passenger trains remain using DMU)
Operating speed	120 km/h (75 mph) (Asahikawa - Nayoro) 95 km/h (59 mph) (Nayoro - Wakkanai)
Route map

v t e Sōya Main Line
Legend
km Hakodate Main Line 0.0 Asahikawa Furano Line Asahikawa Electric Tramway 1.8 Asahikawa Asahikawa Electric Tramway Gyushu Betsugawa 3.7 Shin-Asahikawa Nippon Paper Sekihoku Main Line 6.6 Kita-Asahikawa 20 kV 50 Hz AC 7.2 Nishi-Nagayama 9.3 Nagayama Nagayama Shinkawa 11.4 Kita-Nagayama0 12.0 Kita-Nagayama ( original location ) Ishikari River bridge No. 3 14.7 Minami-Pippu 17.1 Pippu 20.2 Kita-Pippu Bifu River 22.8 Ranru 28.4 Shiokari 36.3 Wassamu 41.4 Higashi-Rokusen Kenbuchigawa bridge No.1 45.2 Kenbuchi 50.2 Kita-Kenbuchi Ibushubetsu River Kenbuchigawa bridge No.2 53.9 Shibetsu Nissan Teshiogawa 58.3 Shimo-Shibetsu 61.7 Tayoro 64.5 Mizuho 68.1 Fūren Kazeren Betsugawa 74.1 Nayorokōkō Hokuyo Paper Nayoro Mill Nayoro Main Line │ Shimmei Line 76.2 Nayoro Nayoro River 80.2 Nisshin 84.9 Chitō 89.3 Hokusei 91.2 Chiebun 93.3 Chihoku Kamishinbugawa 95.6 Minami-Bifuka Bikō Line 98.3 Bifuka 101.9 Hatsuno Shimoshinfu River 105.0 Momponai 112.1 Onnenai 117.9 Toyoshimizu 121.5 Teshiogawa-Onsen 124.7 Sakkuru 129.3 Otoineppu Tempoku Line Otoiko Fukawa 135.6 Osashima 143.1 Kamiji 153.6 Saku 158.2 Kotohira 161.9 Teshio-Nakagawa Shimonogawa 165.8 Shimo-Nakagawa 170.3 Utanai 175.8 Toikambetsu Quseun Betsugawa Nucanan River 178.0 Nukanan Qping viaduct Nishikigawa 181.5 Kami-Onoppunai Shimodaira Tunnel│Viaduct 183.7 Onoppunai 189.7 Yasuushi 191.6 Minami-Horonobe 194.6 Kami-Horonobe Penkeo Boppe River 199.4 Horonobe Haboro Line 205.6 Minami-Shimonuma 207.2 Shimonuma Onnai Betsugawa Pankeeve Korobetsu River Pankeeve Korobetsu River Teshio Mintetsu Railway to Nisso Coal Mine 215.9 Toyotomi 220.9 Tokumitsu 226.6 Ashikawa Mosarobetsu River Sarobetsu River spillway Sarobetsu River 230.9 Kabutonuma Yuchi River bridge No. 1 236.7 Yūchi Yuchi River bridge No. 2 245.0 Bakkai Kutonebetsu River Tempoku Line 256.7 Minami-Wakkanai to Wakkanai harbor 259.4 Wakkanai Wakkanai Pier Chihaku Ferry to Korsakov km

Local train at Otoineppu Station

Wakkanai Station, the northern extremity of the Japanese railway system

On 19 November 2016, JR Hokkaido's president announced plans to rationalise the network by up to 1,237 km, or ~50% of the current network,^[1] including proposed conversion of the Nayoro - Wakkanai section of the Soya Line to Third Sector operation, but if local governments are not agreeable, the section will face closure.

Services

One Sōya limited express service operates each way between Sapporo and Wakkanai daily, and two Sarobetsu limited express services also operate each way between Asahikawa and Wakkanai daily.

All-stations "Local" train services operate between Asahikawa and Nayoro, at approximately 1 to 2 hour intervals. All-stations "Local" train services operate between Nayoro and Wakkanai, at approximately 3 to 4 hour intervals. Four Rapid Nayoro services operate between Nayoro and Asahikawa in each direction daily.

Stations

L: Limited Express ( Sōya / Sarobetsu )

R: All Rapid Nayoro services

r: Some Rapid Nayoro services

-: Some local trains skip marked stations

Station			Distance (km)	Limited Express Sōya / Sarobetsu / Rapid Nayoro	Connections	Location
A28	Asahikawa[* 1]	旭川	0.0	L R	■ Hakodate Main Line ■ Sekihoku Main Line ■ Furano Line	Asahikawa
A29	Asahikawa-Yojō	旭川四条	1.8	r	■ Sekihoku Main Line
A30	Shin-Asahikawa	新旭川	3.7		■ Sekihoku Main Line
	Kita-Asahikawa Freight Terminal	北旭川(貨)	6.6
	Nishi-Nagayama (Closed 1 November 1967)	西永山	7.2
W31	Nagayama[* 1][* 2]	永山	9.3	R
W32	Kita-Nagayama	北永山	11.4	-
W33	Minami-Pippu (Closed 13 March 2021[2])	南比布	14.7			Pippu, Kamikawa
W34	Pippu[* 2]	比布	17.1	R
W35	Kita-Pippu (Closed 13 March 2021[2])	北比布	7.2
W36	Ranru[* 2]	蘭留	22.8	R
W37	Shiokari[* 2]	塩狩	28.4			Wassamu, Kamikawa
W38	Wassamu[* 2]	和寒	36.3	L R
W39	Higashi-Rokusen (Closed 13 March 2021[2])	東六線	41.4			Kenbuchi, Kamikawa
W40	Kembuchi[* 2]	剣淵	45.2	R
W41	Kita-Kembuchi (Closed 13 March 2021[2])	北剣淵	50.2
W42	Shibetsu[* 1][* 2]	士別	53.9	L R		Shibetsu
W43	Shimo-Shibetsu (Closed 13 March 2021[2])	下士別	58.3
W44	Tayoro	多寄	61.7	r
W45	Mizuho	瑞穂	64.5	-
W46	Fūren[* 2]	風連	68.1	r		Nayoro
W47	Nayorokōkō[* 2]	名寄高校	74.1	R
W48	Nayoro[* 1][* 2]	名寄	76.2	L R
W49	Nisshin	日進	80.2
	Chitō (Closed 18 March 2006)	智東	87.9
W50	Hokusei (Closed 13 March 2021[2])	北星	89.3
W51	Chiebun	智恵文	91.2
W52	Chihoku	智北	93.3	-
W53	Minami-Bifuka (Closed 13 March 2021[2])	南美深	95.6			Bifuka, Nakagawa
W54	Bifuka[* 1][* 2]	美深	98.3	L
W55	Hatsuno (Closed 16 March 2024[3])	初野	101.9
W56	Momponai (Closed 13 March 2021[2])	紋穂内	105.0
W57	Onnenai (Closed 16 March 2024[3])	恩根内	112.1
W58	Toyoshimizu signal base (Converted 13 March 2021[2])	豊清水信号場	117.9
W59	Teshiogawa-Onsen	天塩川温泉	121.5	-		Otoineppu, Nakagawa
W60	Sakkuru	咲来	124.7
W61	Otoineppu[* 1][* 2]	音威子府	129.3	L
W62	Osashima	筬島	135.6
	Kamiji signal base (Converted 25 May 1977, closed 14 March 1985)	神路信号場	143.1			Nakagawa, Nakagawa
W63	Saku[* 2]	佐久	153.6
	Kotohira (Closed 1 September 1990)	琴平	158.2
W64	Teshio-Nakagawa[* 2]	天塩中川	161.9	L
	Shimio-Nakagawa (Closed 1 July 2001)	下中川	165.8
W65	Utanai (Closed 13 March 2022)	歌内	170.3
W66	Toikanbetsu	問寒別	175.8			Horonobe, Teshio
W67	Nukanan	糠南	178.0
	Kami-Onoppunai (Closed 1 July 2001)	上雄信内	181.5
W68	Onoppunai[* 2]	雄信内	183.7
W69	Yasuushi (Closed 13 March 2021[2])	安牛	189.7
W70	Minami-Horonobe	南幌延	191.6
W71	Kami-Horonobe (Closed 13 March 2021[2])	上幌延	194.6
W72	Horonobe[* 1][* 2]	幌延	199.4	L
	Minami-Shimonuma (Closed 18 March 2006)	南下沼	205.6
W73	Shimonuma	下沼	207.2
W74	Toyotomi[* 2]	豊富	215.9	L		Toyotomi, Teshio
W75	Tokumitsu (Closed 13 March 2021[2])	徳満	220.9
	Ashikawa (Closed 18 March 2006)	芦川	226.6
W76	Kabutonuma[* 2]	兜沼	230.9
W77	Yūchi	勇知	236.7			Wakkanai
W78	Bakkai[* 2]	抜海	245.0
W79	Minami-Wakkanai[* 1][* 2]	南稚内	256.7	L
W80	Wakkanai[* 1]	稚内	259.4	L

Northern extremity: W80 Wakkanai

1. Staffed station
2. Station with passing loop

Closed stations

• Ashikawa, Kami-onoppunai and Shimo-nakagawa: Since 1 July 2001
• Chitō and Minami-shimonuma: Since 18 March 2006
• W39 Higashi-Rokusen, W50 Hokusei, W71 Kami-Horonobe, W41 Kita-Kembuchi, W35 Kita-Pippu, W53 Minami-Bifuka, W33 Minami-Pippu, W56 Momponai, W43 Shimo-Shibetsu, W75 Tokumitsu, W58 Toyoshimizu and W69 Yasuushi: Since 13 March 2021, of which Toyoshimizu is downgraded to a signal base
• W65 Utanai: Since 12 March 2022
• W55 Hatsuno and W57 Onnenai: Since 16 March 2024^[3]

History

The line was originally built as part of a link between mainland Japan and the then Japanese northern frontier of Karafuto (southern half of Sakhalin Island). From Wakkanai Port, a ferry to then Ōdomari (present Korsakov) operated until the end of World War II.

The first segment of the line from Asahigawa (present Asahikawa) to Nagayama was built by the Hokkaido Government Railway in 1898. The line was extended to Nayoro in 1903, and to Wakkanai in 1922 along the route of the later Tempoku Line (天北線, Tenpoku-sen) via Hamatombetsu. The present route via Horonobe was opened as part of the Teshio Line (天塩線, Teshio-sen).

After Japan's defeat in the war, the line lost its function as a link to Sakhalin, but remained important as a trunk line into the northern part of Hokkaido. The Sōya Main Line gradually lost all of its branch lines, and presently constitutes a long branch from the Hakodate Main Line.

Timeline

• August 12, 1898: Opened as Teshio Line (天塩線, Teshio-sen) (I) of Hokkaido Government Railway, between Asahigawa (present Asahikawa) and Nagayama
• November 25, 1898: Extended to Ranru
• November 15, 1899: Extended to Wassamu
• August 5, 1900: Extended to Shibetsu
• September 3, 1900: Extended to Nayoro
• April 1, 1905: Transferred to Imperial Japanese Government Railways
• November 3, 1911: Extended to Onnenai
• September 21, 1912: Renamed Sōya Line (宗谷線, Sōya-sen)
• November 5, 1912: Extended to Otoineppu
• October 20, 1919: Renamed Sōya Main Line (宗谷本線, Sōya Honsen)
• October 5, 1921: Renamed Sōya Line
• November 1, 1922: Completed to Wakkanai (present Minami-Wakkanai) via later Tempoku Line
• November 4, 1922: Renamed back to Sōya Main Line
• November 8, 1922: Teshio Line (II) between Otoineppu and Pompira (present Teshio-Nakagawa)
• May 1, 1923: Chihaku Ferry (稚泊連絡船, Chihaku Renrakusen) commenced Wakkanai - Ōdomari
• November 10, 1923: Extended to Toikambetsu
• June 25, 1924: Teshio North Line (天塩北線, Teshio-hokusen) opened Wakkanai - Kabutonuma. Teshio Line renamed Teshio South Line (天塩南線, Teshio-nansen)
• July 20, 1925: Teshio South Line extended to Horonobe
• September 25, 1926: Teshio South and North lines connected, renamed to Teshio Line (天塩線, Teshio-sen) (II), Otoineppu - Wakkanai
• December 26, 1928: Extended to Wakkanaikō (present Wakkanai).
• April 1, 1930: Entire stretch of the Teshio Line became a part of Sōya Main Line. The section Otoineppu - Hamatombetsu - Wakkanai separated as Kitami Line (北見線, Kitami-sen), later Tempoku Line (天北線, Tempoku-sen).
• June 30, 1935: Teshio Line (III), later Haboro Line [ja] from Horonobe opened.
• August 25, 1945: Chihaku Ferry ceased operation when all of Sakhalin becomes part of the Soviet Union.
• July 15, 1965: The 1256m Shimodaira Tunnel and realignment opened to avoid an avalanche trouble-spot.
• November 10, 1984: Automated block system introduced, ticketing of most (29) stations unstaffed
• November 1, 1986: CTC implemented, above noted stations completely unstaffed.
• April 1, 1987: Japanese National Railways privatized, Hokkaido Railway Company succeeded the entire line as Category 1, Japan Freight Railway Company as Category 2 between Asahikawa and Nayoro. All the temporary stations were reclassified as regular stations
• 1995: The ferry between Wakkanai and Korsakov "resumed" after 50 years, although not directly connected to the railway.
• March 2000: Tracks of Asahikawa - Nayoro upgraded for faster operation. The Super Sōya limited express train commenced.

Former connecting lines

Train on the Nayoro Main line, March 1973

Bridge from the former Monbetsu to Motoyama line

Bridge built on the Former Shinmei Line^[4]

• Shibetsu station - A 762mm (2'6") gauge line was constructed between 1920 and 1925 along the Teshio River valley to transport forestry products, extending 21.4 km to 'Upper' Shibetsu, where it connected to the Shibetsu Forest Railway. Initially horse drawn, a steam locomotive was introduced in 1928. The line closed in 1959.
• Nayoro station - A 138 km line known as the Nayoro Main Line was built from Nayoro to Engaru on the Sekihoku Main Line between 1915 and 1921, operating until 1989. There were four lines connecting to the Nayoro Main line:
  • The 20 km Kohin'nan line from Okoppe to Om, operated from 1935 to 1985. Some construction work on a proposed extension to Kitami Esashi (see below) was undertaken before the proposal was abandoned.
  • The 34 km line from Shokotsu to Kitami Takinoue, opened 1923 and closed 1985.
  • The 28 km 762mm gauge line from Monbetsu to Motoyama, which operated from 1943 to 1973
  • The 6 km 762mm gauge line from Yubetsu to Saromako, which operated from 1930 to 1939
• Nayoro was also the junction for the Shinmei Line to Fukagawa on the Hakodate Main Line, which reached the Soya line in 1941, closing in 1995. A 51.2 km line was proposed from Shumarinai [ja] on that line to Chikubetsu [ja] on the Haboro Line [ja] (see below) with construction commencing in 1959. A substantial steel truss bridge was constructed before work was abandoned in 1962.
• Bifuka station - A 21 km 762mm gauge line was built to Niupu in 1935. In 1960 it was decided to replace the line with a 1067mm gauge line and extend it 58 km to Kitami Esashi, the terminus of a line from Hamatonbetsu on the Tempoku line (see below). The 762mm gauge line closed in 1963 and the 1067mm line opened in 1964. Substantial construction of the line to Kitami Esashi continued until abandoned in 1979, after 13.3 Billion Yen had been expended. The Bifuka - Niupu section closed in 1985.
• Otoineppu station - The Tempoku line was constructed north commencing in 1914, reaching Minami-Wakkanai in 1922. It closed in 1989. This line had the Hamatonbetsu - Kitami Esashi branch line operating from 1936 until 1985. The Utanobori Municipal Tramway was a network of 762mm gauge lines, with a 16.2 km line from Shotonbetsu to Kitami Esashi and 2 branch lines, each 10 km long. It operated 1929–70, being horse drawn until 1933.
• Toyotomi station - The Nisso Coal Co. operated an 18 km line to Sanko from 1940/45 until the mine closed in 1972.
• Toikanbetsu station - The Horonobe Municipal Tramway was a 16 km 762mm gauge line to Kamitoikan, which operated 1930–71. It was extended 4 km to a coal mine in 1941, at which time a steam locomotive was introduced. The coal mine and extension closed in 1958.
• Horonobe station - The initial northern section of the Haboro Line [ja] opened in 1935. The initial southern section from Rumoi opened in 1927, and the sections were linked in 1958. The line closed in 1987.

See also

• List of railway lines in Japan

References

1. "JR Hokkaido says it can't maintain half of its railways". 2013-05-10.
2. "来春のダイヤ見直しについて" [Spring Timetable Revision] (PDF). jrhokkaido.co.jp. 2020-12-09. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-12-09. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
3. "Notice on train timetable changes in March 2024" (PDF). Hokkaido Railway Company. Japan. 15 December 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
4. "旧深名線 第三雨竜川橋梁". Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 31 December 2021.