Sougb language

Sougb, or Sogh, is a Papuan language of the East Bird's Head language family spoken in the east of the Bird's Head Peninsula to the east of Meyah and to the south of Manokwari, including the area of Soug Jaya District, Teluk Wondama Regency. It consists of four dialects and is spoken by around 12,000 people in all. The language is alternatively known as Mantion, or Manikion, an originally derogatory term used by the Biak people.^[2]

Sougb
Manikion
Sougb
Region	Soug Jaya District, Teluk Wondama Regency, West Papua
Native speakers	(12,000 cited 1987)[1]
Language family	West Papuan (?) East Bird's Head Mantion–Meax Sougb
Language codes
ISO 639-3	mnx
Glottolog	mani1235
Sougb Show map of Western New Guinea Sougb Show map of Southeast Asia
Coordinates: 1.50°S 133.95°E / -1.50; 133.95

Distribution

Locations:^[3]

• Pegunungan Arfak Regency
  • Anggi District
• Manokwari Regency
  • Manokwari Barat District (in Ayambori village) and Warmare District
• Manokwari Selatan Regency
  • Dataran Isim District: Tubes and Duhugesa villages
• Manokwari Selatan Regency (Bohon dialect)
  • Tahota District: Seimeba village
• Teluk Bintuni Regency (Raw dialect)
  • Manimeri District: Atibo, Pasamai, and Botai villages
  • Bintuni District: Bintuni village
• Teluk Wondama Regency (Wepu dialect)
  • Sougb Jaya District: Kaprus, Siresi, Yarmatum, Reyob, and Nuspairo villages
  • Rumberpon District: Iseren and Watitindau villages

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar		Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	(p)	(t)	c	k
	voiced	b	d	ɟ	ɡ	ɡʷ
Fricative		ɸ	s				h
Nasal		m	n
Liquid			r ~ l
Approximant		(w)		(j)

• Stops /b, d/ are always voiced in word-initial and intervocalic positions, but are heard as voiceless [p, t] when in word-final positions.
• The lateral and trill sounds /l, r/ are only heard interchangeably, freely among speech.
• Glides [j, w] are heard as a result of /i, u/ within vowel sequences (such as /ei, ou, ai, au/).
• /ɡʷ/ is written as gb, and normally heard as [ɡʷ̚]. But it may also be heard as [ɡʷ], [ɡ͡bʷ], or [ɣʷ] when in intervocalic positions.
• /n/ can be heard as a palatal [ɲ] when following /i/, and as a velar [ŋ] when preceding a velar stop.
• /h/ can be heard as [x] when in word-final position.
• /ɡ/ can also be heard as a voiced fricative [ɣ] in intervocalic positions.^[4]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
Mid	ɛ		ɔ
Low		a

• /i/ can be heard as [ɪ] in unstressed syllables.
• /a/ can be heard as [ɐ] in closed syllables.^[4]

References

1. Sougb at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
2. Berry, Christine; Berry, Keith (1999). A description of Abun: a west Papuan language of Irian Jaya. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. p. 2. ISBN 0-85883-482-0.
3. Ronsumbre, Adolof (2020). Ensiklopedia Suku Bangsa di Provinsi Papua Barat. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kepel Press. ISBN 978-602-356-318-0.
4. Reesink, Ger P. (2002). A Grammar Sketch of Sougb. In Ger P. Reesink (ed.), Languages of the Eastern Bird's Head: Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 181–276.

External links

• Materials on Sougb are included in the open access Arthur Capell (AC1) and Bert Voorhoeve (CLV1) collections held by Paradisec.
• Reesink, Ger P. (2002). "A Grammar Sketch of Sougb". In Ger P. Reesink (ed.). Languages of the Eastern Bird's Head. Pacific Linguistics. Vol. 524. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 181–276. hdl:1885/146144.