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The 9M337 Sosna-R (Pine) (SA-X-25)[1][2] is a Russian radar and laser-guided supersonic (Mach 2.6) two-stage missile. It is used in Sosna-R short range air defense missile system designed to protect military units from air attacks in all types of combat situations, including during march.
| 9M337 Sosna-R | |
|---|---|
 Sosna surface-to-air missile system. | |
| Type | Surface to air missile |
| Place of origin | Russian Federation |
| Service history | |
| In service | May 2019 |
| Used by | Russian Federation |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 2017 |
| Manufacturer | High Precision Systems |
| Produced | 2022 |
| Variants | See variants |
| Specifications | |
| Warhead | 1× Fragmented-rod warhead 1× AP-Frag warhead |
Detonation mechanism | Combined impact/proximity laser fuze |
Operational range | 10 km |
| Flight altitude | 5 km |
| Maximum speed | Mach 2.6 |
Guidance system | Laser guidance Radio guidance |
Launch platform | Sosna vehicle Ptitselov vehicle Palma CIWS Palash CIWS |
In 2017, official tests of the newest air defense missile system Bagulnik (domestic variant which is currently named Strela-10ML) were successfully completed.[3][4][5] In May 2019, the Russian Defence Ministry decided to introduce the system into service.[citation needed]
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It was developed by KB Tochmash as a successor to 9K35 Strela-10, and is a cheaper alternative to the Tor missile system and Pantsir-S1. Designed to work in passive mode with the help of different imaging systems (thermal camera, TV camera) and a laser rangefinder in order to find and engage a target, Sosna-R is able to operate effectively under the control of various types of old, modern and prospective battery command posts, the most preferable of which is the FPU "Assembly-M1-2" (9S80M1-2) and is resistant to jamming. It uses a tracked SAM launcher with 12 missiles of 10 km range and altitude of 5 km, based on the MT-LB vehicle. Those 12 missiles can be reloaded in 12 minutes.[6][7] The serial production version is based on the BMP-3 IFV.[8][9] The Sosna can also deliver fire while on the move.[10] The system has a crew of two: the driver and gunner.
The system is armed with 12 9M340 missiles that are held in their transport-launch containers and arranged in two banks of six.[11] Sosna-R beam rider 38 kg missiles are two-stage, capable of destroying aircraft, helicopters, cruise missiles, aerial bombs, small-sized air attack weapons including elements of high-precision weapons and light armored vehicles. The missile can change direction mid-flight.[12][13] It also has a combined impact/proximity laser fuze. Its payload is made up of two warheads weighing a total of 7 kg. The fragmented-rod warhead is designed for proximity detonation when flying close to the target, while the armor-piercing/fragmentation (AP-Frag) warhead goes off on impact.[14] The system has high resistance to jamming and besides its passive mode of operation it can be equipped with an additional small-size acquisition radar.
The Palma anti-aircraft artillery system features integrated armament that comprises eight Sosna-R precision surface-to-air missiles with laser beam guidance and two AO-18KDE rapid-fire guns. As a defense component, the Palma is designated to defend both ships and naval bases, coastal infrastructure and aerodromes, and also other vital facilities.[15]
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Within 8–10 (≤ 20) km.
- Sosna A weapon module for MBT, IFV, APC, AFV
- Sosna RA for AFV, MBT, IFV, APC
- Palash CIWS
- Palma CIWS - the deliveries of the systems to the Russian Navy and foreign navies started in 2011.[16][17]
- Ptitselov CIWS is an air transportable version based on the BMD-4M chassis and it can also be dropped by parachute[18]
Current operators
- Palma-SU CIWS used on Gepard 3.9 frigates.
Potential operator
- Potential Palma CIWS acquisition reported.[19]
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